ASSET MARKETS AND EQUILIBRIUM SELECTION IN PUBLIC GOODS GAMES WITH PROVISION POINTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

In this paper we report some experimental results on the effects that auctioning the right to play a public goods game with a provision point may have on equilibrium selection and efficiency. A control treatment reveals that, as in the experimental literature for similar environments, subjects' behavior converges to the inefficient outcome whenever they are endowed with the right to play the game. However, auctioning off such a right among a larger population of players has a significant efficiency-enhancing effect. Once the Pareto-dominant equilibrium in the second stage is reached, the auction price at the first stage increases to its upper limit, dissipating all players' gains associated with the provision of the public good. The full contribution equilibrium was extremely robust: individual subjects' deviations from the equilibrium strategy were not able to force lower market prices and did not affect provision of the public good in subsequent periods.Public Goods; Provision Points; Experimental Markets.

Intertextualidad entre el folclore andaluz, "Dedicatoria" y otras obras de Federico Moreno Torroba

La inspiración en el folclore ha sido una constante en la historia de la música. Dedicatoria de Federico Moreno Torroba da pie a descubrir las relaciones intertextuales con el folclore andaluz, otras obras suyas y de otros compositores. Dedicatoria sirve de ejemplo para compararla con otras obras similares que se inspiran en el folclore y que sirven para relacionarlas intertextualmente en el uso del folclore como inspiración, el tratamiento formal y armónico. Contextualizada esta obra dentro del nacionalismo español, se analizan los principios estéticos e ideológicos del compositor en su manifiesto sobre Casticismo influido principalmente por Unamuno. Se estudia como el compositor sigue la línea compositiva trazada por Pedrell y sus discípulos con Falla a la cabeza utilizando armonías, formas, ritmos y colores modales como el frigio en sus composiciones, integrándose dentro del estilo nacionalista.  La identificación de los procedimientos intertextuales se han basado básicamente en lo aportado por M. L. Klein, identificándose relaciones intertextuales que son básicamente citas, alusiones, como intertextualidad poiética, influencia y otros procedimientos con el folclore, con obras propias para guitarra y zarzuelas, con obras de otros compositores y con Falla

La embajada de Jerónimo Monsoriu (1650) y la defensa del Reino de Valencia durante la Revolta Catalana

El 1650, durant la guerra de Catalunya, el Regne de València va enviar Jeroni Monsoriu per aconseguir de Felip IV una major contribució de la corona en la defensa del regne. En aquest article s’exposen els problemes relatius a la frontera amb Catalunya i les negociacions que es van portar a terme dins la cort. Al voltant d’aquest assumpte s’observen dos temes principals: la falta de diners i efectius i la necessitat d’evitar per tots els mitjans possibles una rebel·lió.In 1650, during the war in Catalonia, Jerónimo Monsoriu was sent by the Kingdom of Valencia to obtain more help from Philip IV to defend the kingdom. On the one hand this paper exposes the problems related to the frontier and the negotiations that Monsoriu made in the court. Around this topic we can see two important things: the need for money and soldiers and the necessity to avoid a rebellion.En 1650, en medio de la guerra de Cataluña, Jerónimo Monsoriu fue enviado por el Reino de Valencia para conseguir de Felipe IV una mayor colaboración de la corona en la defensa del reino. En el presente artículo se exponen los problemas tocantes a la frontera con Cataluña y las negociaciones llevadas a cabo en la corte. En torno a este asunto se observan dos temas principales: la falta de dinero y efectivos y la necesidad de evitar a toda costa una rebelión

Regulation of the nitric oxide synthesis and signaling by posttranslational modifications and N-end rule pathway-mediated proteolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana

El óxido nítrico (NO) es una molécula gaseosa altamente reactiva que regula el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las plantas así como sus respuestas de defensa. El NO se produce principalmente a partir de nitrito por las nitrato reductasas (NRs) en balance con las nitrito reductasas (NiRs), y es percibido a través de un mecanismo en el que está involucrada la proteólisis dirigida por la secuencia aminoterminal del grupo VII de los factores de transcripción ERF (ERFVIIs). El NO ejerce especialmente su función señalizadora al causar modificaciones postraduccionales en las proteínas y alterar su función, estructura y/o estabilidad. Por estos medios y en colaboración con distintas rutas de señalización fitohormonales, el NO es capaz de regular un amplio abanico de procesos celulares en plantas, incluyendo aquellos relacionados con la adquisición de tolerancia a la congelación. Utilizando Arabidopsis thaliana como planta modelo, en este trabajo se descubrió que el NO puede regular su propia biosíntesis, puesto que las enzimas NRs y NiRs fueron reguladas por tres factores principales: señalización inducida por nitrato y controlada por la función del factor de transcripción NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7), la proteólisis dirigida por la secuencia aminoterminal, y la degradación mediada por el proteasoma, probablemente ocasionada por modificaciones postraduccionales relacionadas con el NO. Adicionalmente, se descubrió que el factor de transcripción ERFVII RAP2.3 regula negativamente tanto la biosíntesis de NO como las respuestas que desencadena a través de un mecanismo similar a un reóstato en el que están involucradas ramas específicas relacionadas con el NO de las rutas de señalización de jasmonato y ácido abscísico. Por otro lado, una caracterización metabolómica y transcriptómica combinada de plantas mutantes nia1,2noa1-2 deficientes en NO y plantas fumigadas con NO permitió desentrañar una serie de mecanismos que están controlados por NO. En primer lugar, la percepción de NO en los hipocotilos requeriría varias hormonas para ser completada, como fue confirmado por los rastreos de acortamiento de hipocotilo por NO con mutantes relacionados con hormonas y la colección TRANSPLANTA de líneas transgénicas que expresan condicionalmente factores de transcripción de Arabidopsis. En segundo lugar, dosis elevadas de NO causan una reprogramación masiva aunque transitoria de los metabolismos primario y secundario, incluyendo la alteración del estado redox celular, la alteración de la permeabilidad de estructuras lipídicas y el recambio de proteínas y ácidos nucleicos. Por último, se descubrió que el NO previene el desarrollo de la tolerancia a congelación bajo condiciones no estresantes de temperatura, mientras que resulta esencial para la aclimatación a frío desencadenada por bajas temperaturas que conduce a una tolerancia mejorada a congelación. El NO conseguiría esta modulación afinada de la activación de respuestas relacionadas con frío al coordinar la acumulación de diferentes metabolitos y hormonas. En conjunto, este trabajo arroja luz sobre los mecanismos mediante los cuales, al interactuar con varias rutas señalizadoras y metabólicas, el NO puede regular distintos procesos clave de la fisiología vegetal.L'òxid nítric (NO) és una molècula gasosa altament reactiva que regula el creixement i desenvolupament de les plantes així com les seves respostes de defensa. El NO es produeix principalment a partir de nitrit per les nitrat reductases (NRs) en balanç amb les nitrit reductases (NiRs), i és percebut a traves d'un mecanisme que inclou la proteòlisi dirigida per la seqüència aminoterminal del grup VII dels factors de transcripció ERF (ERFVII). El NO exerceix la seva funció senyalitzadora majoritàriament al provocar modificacions postraduccionals en les proteïnes i alterar la seva funció, estructura i/o estabilitat. Mitjançant aquestes modificacions i en col·laboració amb distintes rutes de senyalització fitohormonals, el NO es capaç de regular un ampli espectre de processos cel·lulars en plantes, inclosos aquells relacionats amb l'adquisició de tolerància a la congelació. Emprant Arabidopsis thaliana com a planta model, en aquest treball es va descobrir que el NO regula la seva pròpia biosíntesi, donat que els enzims NRs i NiRs foren regulades per tres factors principals: senyalització induïda per nitrat i controlada per la funció del factor de transcripció NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7), la proteòlisi dirigida per la seqüència aminoterminal, i la degradació mitjançant el proteasoma, probablement a causa de modificacions postraduccionals relacionades amb el NO. A més, es va descobrir que el factor de transcripció ERFVII RAP2.3 regula negativament tant la biosíntesi de NO com les respostes que desencadena aquest a través d'un mecanisme similar a un reòstat en el que estan involucrades branques específiques de les rutes de senyalització de jasmonat i àcid abscísic relacionades amb el NO. Per altre costat, una caracterització metabolòmica i transcriptòmica combinada de plantes mutants nia1,2noa1-2 deficients en NO i plantes fumigades amb NO va permetre desentranyar una sèrie de mecanismes que estan controlats per NO. En primer lloc, la percepció de NO en els hipocòtils requeriria de varies hormones, com fou confirmat pels rastrejos d'acurtament d'hipocòtil per NO amb mutants relacionats amb hormones i la col·lecció TRANSPLANTA de línies transgèniques d'expressió condicional de factors de transcripció d'Arabidopsis. En segon lloc, dosis elevades de NO causen una reprogramació massiva, encara que transitòria, dels metabolismes primari i secundari, incloent l'alteració de l'estat redox cel·lular, canvis en la permeabilitat de estructures lipídiques i el recanvi de proteïnes i àcids nucleics. Per últim, es va descobrir que el NO prevé el desenvolupament de la tolerància a congelació en condicions no estressants de temperatura, mentre que resulta essencial per a l'aclimatació a fred induïda per baixes temperatures que condueix a una tolerància millorada a congelació. El NO aconseguiria aquesta modulació minuciosa de l'activació de les respostes relacionades amb fred al coordinar l'acumulació de diferents metabòlits i hormones. En conjunt, aquest treball clarifica els mecanismes pels quals el NO pot regular distints processos clau de la fisiologia vegetal al interactuar amb varies rutes senyalitzadores i metabòliques.Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gaseous molecule that regulates plant growth and development as well as defense responses. NO is mainly produced from nitrite by nitrate reductases (NRs) in balance with nitrite reductases (NiRs), and is sensed through a mechanism involving the N-end rule pathway-mediated proteolysis of the group VII of ERF transcription factors (ERFVIIs). NO especially exerts its signaling function by triggering post-translational modifications in proteins and altering their function, structure and/or stability. By these means and in collaboration with different phytohormone signaling pathways, NO is capable of regulating a wide array of cell processes in plants, including those related to the acquirement of freezing tolerance. By using Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant, during the development of this work it was found that NO can regulate its own biosynthesis, as NRs and NiR enzymes were regulated by three main factors: nitrate-induced signaling controlled by the function of the NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7) transcription factor, N-end rule proteolytic pathway, and proteasome-mediated degradation, likely triggered by NO-related post-translational modifications. In addition, the ERFVII transcription factor RAP2.3 was found to negatively regulate both the NO biosynthesis and their triggered responses through a rheostat-like mechanism that involves specific NO-related branches of jasmonate and abscisic acid signaling pathways. On the other hand, a combined metabolomic and transcriptomic characterization of NO-deficient nia1,2noa1-2 mutant plants and NO-fumigated plants allowed to unravel a number of mechanisms that are controlled by NO. First, NO perception in hypocotyls would require various hormones to be fulfilled as it was confirmed by NO-triggered hypocotyl shortening screenings with hormone-related mutants and the TRANSPLANTA collection of transgenic lines conditionally expressing Arabidopsis transcription factors. Second, high NO doses caused a massive but transient reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism, including alteration of the cellular redox status, alteration of the permeability of lipidic structures or turnover of proteins and nucleic acids. Lastly, NO was found to prevent the development of freezing tolerance under non-stress temperature conditions, while being essential for the low temperature stress-triggered cold acclimation that leads to enhanced freezing tolerance. NO would achieve this fine-tuned modulation of the activation of the cold-related responses by coordinating the accumulation of different metabolites and hormones. Altogether, this work sheds light on the mechanisms by which, by interacting with various signaling and metabolic pathways, NO can regulate several key processes of plant physiology.Costa Broseta, Á. (2018). Regulation of the nitric oxide synthesis and signaling by posttranslational modifications and N-end rule pathway-mediated proteolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/114825TESI

Defence Heritage of the Spanish Civil War: Preservation of air-raid shelters in Valencia

[EN] When addressing historical heritage, the reasons for architecture preservation are rarely questioned. However, reasons must be justified when contemporary war heritage is discussed in our immediate context. In the European countries that suffered most severely from World War II, war remains are preserved as rebuilding elements: once the confrontation has passed, the traces are used to analyse the causes in order to avoid new conflicts in the future. The scientific study and dissemination of war heritage in Spain has become a social commitment, not undertaken by public administrations but by civic proponents who do not want to forget and who work to preserve the culture of peace. The construction of air-raid shelters during the Spanish Civil War (1936¿1939) was an important task carried out by the Passive Defence Committees, demonstrating that civil society organized against the war. Because of citizen pressure and studies performed by a few researchers, after many years of neglect or even demolition, some shelters have been completely or partially saved and listed in the Municipal Heritage Catalogue as Local Heritage, which recognizes their undeniable historical value and the need for preservation established by the Cultural Heritage Law. In regard to the global framework of war heritage preservation, four phases must be conducted: data gathering and listing, the adoption of protection measures, investment in refurbishment and reuse and finally the dissemination of results. This article provides a view of the first two phases implemented on Valencian air-raid shelters, following a research structure that includes the study of war heritage to establish its meaning and value, the understanding of legal documents regarding protection, research into preservation and reuse performance in other scopes, field study and data gathering as well as the proposals for the next phases of protection and reuse.Broseta Palanca, MT. (2017). Defence Heritage of the Spanish Civil War: Preservation of air-raid shelters in Valencia. International Journal of Heritage Architecture. 1(4):624-639. doi:10.2495/HA-V1-N4-624-639S6246391

New criteria of environmental control for activities implementation in Valencian urban management

All instruments for environmental administrative supervision are aimed to control those facilities and activities likely to cause discomfort, alter environmental health conditions, or cause risk or harm to individuals or the environment. The rules adopted for this purpose determine the start-up and performance of certain facilities to secure an authorisation of an environmental nature, which will be processed in a coordinated manner when the procedure involves more than one administrative authority with competence in such matters. Also, the integration of the processes of the two main systems of administrative intervention to prevent and reduce pollution at sources should be coordinated; such systems are the Integrated Environmental Authorisation and Environmental Impact Assessment. Depending on the higher or lower capacity of the contaminant level to be managed, the control of the installation is adjusted in a way that the facilities, which host potentially harmful concentrations, have a more complex procedure of control under the oversight of regional administration; meanwhile, those of lower degree of potential impact on the environment are controlled by local councils, regardless of their resources. New measures to reduce the terms and costs in activities implementation are included in recent regulation to launch productive activities and job creation, with new legal requirements including the Environmental Liability Statements and Environmental Communication. These tools have been created to reduce bureaucracy, and have caused local councils to change their ordinances to face this new challenge, although useful results have not yet been demonstrated. © 2016 WIT Press.Broseta Palanca, MT. (2016). New criteria of environmental control for activities implementation in Valencian urban management. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. 11(6):864-874. doi:10.2495/SDP-V10-N1-864-874S86487411

Fotografía, censura, franquismo, la revista Mundo y la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945)

Actas de las Cuartas Jornadas Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebradas el 4, 5 y 6 de julio de 2005 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madri

Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing and signaling in plants

[EN] After 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO-triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Grant/Award Numbers: BIO2014-56067-P and BIO2017-82945-P; Government of Spain MINECO, Grant/Award Numbers: BIO2017-82945-P and BIO2014-56067-PLeon Ramos, J.; Costa-Broseta, Á. (2020). Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing and signaling in plants. Plant Cell & Environment. 43(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13617S11543

Application of near critical behavior of equilibrium ratios to phase equilibrium calculations

International audienceWe examine the asymptotic behavior of the equilibrium ratios (Ki) near the convergence locus in the pressure-temperature plane. When the Equation of State (EoS) is analytical, which is the case of most EoS of engineering purpose, Ki tends towards unity or, equivalently, its logarithm lnKi tends to zero, according to a power ½ of the distance to this locus. As a consequence, if lnKi is expressed as a linear combination of pure component parameters with coefficients only depending on mixture phase properties (i.e., reduction parameters), these coefficients obey a similar power law. Deviations from the ½ power law are thus fairly limited for lnKi and for the reduction parameters (at least in the negative flash window between the convergence locus and the phase boundaries), which can be exploited to speed up flash calculations and for quickly determining approximate saturation points and convergence pressures and temperatures. The chosen examples are representative synthetic and natural hydrocarbon mixtures, as well as various injection gas-hydrocarbon systems

La mediación en materia de consumo: antecedentes históricos-jurídicos y regulación actual

Treball de Final de Grau en Dret. Codi: DR1052. Curs acadèmic 2015-201