Physical Education Teacher Education: Curriculum, Philosophies, And Readiness for Induction

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine preservice physical education teachers’ professional socialization experiences at one university and how these events prepared them for induction into the teaching profession. In study one, modifying curriculum mapping procedures provided by Britton et al. (2008), a curriculum map exercise was conducted using six sets of standards over 21 physical education teacher education (PETE) courses at PETE State University (PSU). Individual course maps and the program curriculum map were the primary data sources during this study. The data were analyzed using deductive content analysis (Sparkes & Smith, 2014). The number of times course outcomes aligned with a professional standard allowed the researcher to draw reference from this quantifying process about the data in question (Sparkes & Smith, 2014, p. 116). Three themes were established based on the results of the curriculum mapping exercise: (a) curriculum strengths, (b) the need for multiple standard sets, and (c) (potentially) outdated and disconnected standards. In conclusion, curriculum mapping could identify curriculum gaps and strengths within a PETE program. In study two, using occupational socialization as the theoretical framework (Lawson, 1983a), PSU\u27s former and current PETE faculty teaching philosophies and their relatedness to the PETE program vision were examined. Using a single instrumental case study design, the study participants were seven former and current PSU faculty members. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, program review reports, and critical incident timelines. The data were analyzed using categorical aggregation and codes with similar meanings were combined to develop themes (Stake, 1995). Three themes were established across all data sources: (a) influential relationships supported the development of individual teaching philosophies, (b) each faculty member contributed pieces of the puzzle, and (c) induction preparation (dis)agreements. It was recommended that further research be conducted on exploring how influential relationships impact the socialization experiences of PETE faculty members and how influential relationships impact preservice teachers. In study three, using occupational socialization as the theoretical framework (Lawson, 1983a), PSU preservice physical education teachers\u27 perceptions of readiness for induction were examined. Using a single instrumental case study design, the study participants were eight PSU preservice physical education teachers. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field notes, and course outcomes. Data were analyzed using categorical aggregation and direct interpretation of individual instances (Stake, 1995). Codes with similar meanings merged to develop themes. Three themes were evident across all data sources: (a) the importance of field placements, (b) prepared for planning, and (c) preparation for sociopolitical issues. It was recommended that additional research be conducted on induction physical education teachers\u27 perceptions of working relationships with veteran teachers

Assessing Student Learning Outcomes in Physical Education K-12 Teaching: A Whole-Program Revision to Meet New Standards and Institutional Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this project was to evaluate, revise, and align program-level assessments for the Physical Education K-12 Teaching program. Major goals for the project included (a) construction of a program-wide course matrix with SLOs, state and national educator standards, UNC Institutional Learning Outcomes, and course assessments; (b) construction/revision of assessment methods and criteria; and (c) integration of a tagging system within Canvas/LiveText to monitor outcome achievements. This presentation will describe an overview of the process, major updates and changes to the program, and future steps for implementation

Magnetic Inversion Symmetry Breaking and Ferroelectricity in TbMnO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e

TbMnO3 is an orthorhombic insulator where incommensurate spin order for temperature TN\u3c41  K is accompanied by ferroelectric order for T\u3c28  K. To understand this, we establish the magnetic structure above and below the ferroelectric transition using neutron diffraction. In the paraelectric phase, the spin structure is incommensurate and longitudinally modulated. In the ferroelectric phase, however, there is a transverse incommensurate spiral. We show that the spiral breaks spatial inversion symmetry and can account for magnetoelectricity in TbMnO3

Magnetically Driven Ferroelectric Order in Ni\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eV\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e8\u3c/sub\u3e

We show that long-range ferroelectric and incommensurate magnetic order appear simultaneously in a single phase transition in Ni3V2O8. The temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the spontaneous polarization show a strong coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric orders. We determine the magnetic symmetry using Landau theory for continuous phase transitions, which shows that the spin structure alone can break spatial inversion symmetry leading to ferroelectric order. This phenomenological theory explains our experimental observation that the spontaneous polarization is restricted to lie along the crystal b axis and predicts that the magnitude should be proportional to a magnetic order parameter

Formulation of a 1D finite element of heat exchanger for accurate modelling of the grouting behaviour: Application to cyclic thermal loading

This paper presents a comprehensive formulation of a finite element for the modelling of borehole heat exchangers. This work focuses on the accurate modelling of the grouting and the field of temperature near a single borehole. Therefore the grouting of the BHE is explicitly modelled. The purpose of this work is to provide tools necessary to the further modelling of thermo-mechanical couplings. The finite element discretises the classical governing equation of advection-diffusion of heat within a 1D pipe connected to ground nodes. Petrov-Galerkin weighting functions are used to avoid numerical disturbances. The formulation is able to capture highly transient and steady-state phenomena. The proposed finite element is validated with respect to analytical solutions. An example consisting of a 100 m depth U-pipe is finally simulated. A first continuous heating simulation highlights the nonsymmetric distribution of temperature inside and near the borehole. An estimation of the error on the results as a function of the resolution parameters is also carried out. Finally simulations of cyclic thermal loading exhibit the need to take into account all daily variations if the grouting behaviour must be modelled. This is true especially in case of freeze-thaw damaging risk.Geotherwa

A fully coupled hydro-mechanical model for the modeling of coalbed methane recovery

Most coal seams hold important quantities of methane which is recognized as a valuable energy resource. Coal reservoir is considered not conventional because methane is held adsorbed on the coal surface. Coal is naturally fractured, it is a dual-porosity system made of matrix blocks and cleats (i.e fractures). In general, cleats are initially water saturated with the hydrostatic pressure maintaining the gas adsorbed in the coal matrix. Production of coalbed methane (CBM) first requires the mobilization of water in the cleats to reduce the reservoir pressure. Changes of coal properties during methane production are a critical issue in coalbed methane recovery. Indeed, any change of the cleat network will likely translate into modifications of the reservoir permeability. This work consists in the formulation of a consistent hydro-mechanical model for the CBM production modeling. Due to the particular structure of coal, the model is based on a dual-continuum approach to enrich the macroscale with microscale considerations. Shape factors are employed to take into account the geometry of the matrix blocks in the mass exchange between matrix and fractures. The hydro-mechanical model is fully coupled. For example, it captures the sorption-induced volumetric strain or the dependence of permeability on fracture aperture, which evolves with the stress state. The model is implemented in the finite element code Lagamine and is used for the modeling of one production well. A synthetic reservoir and then a real production case are considered. To date, attention has focused on a series of parametric analyses that can highlight the influence of the production scenario or key parameters related to the reservoir

"Go make your face known": collaborative working through the lens of personal relationships

Background: Collaborative working between professionals is a key component of integrated care. The academic literature on it largely focuses either on integration between health and social care or on the dynamics of power and identity between doctors and nurses. With the proliferation and extension of nursing roles, there is a need to examine collaborative working amongst different types of nurses. Method: This study explored experiences of collaborative working amongst generalist and specialist nurses, in community and acute settings. We carried out semi-structured interviews, incorporating the Pictor technique, with 45 nurses, plus 33 other key stakeholders. Transcripts were analysed using Template Analysis. This article focuses on one major thematic area that emerged from the analysis: the significance of interpersonal relationships amongst nurses, and between them and other professionals, patients and carers. Results: Relationship issues were ubiquitous in participants’ accounts of collaborative working. Good personal relationships facilitated collaboration; face-to-face interaction was especially valued. Relationships were recognized as requiring effort, especially in new roles. Organisational changes could disrupt productive personal networks. Conclusion: Relationship issues are integral to successful collaborative working. Policy and practice leaders must take this into account in future service developments. Further research into collaborative relationships in different settings is needed

Enhanced airway sensory nerve reactivity in non-eosinophilic asthma

BACKGROUND: Neural mechanisms may play an important role in non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA). This study compared airway sensory nerve reactivity, using capsaicin challenge, in eosinophilic asthma (EA) and NEA and non-asthmatics. METHODS: Thirty-eight asthmatics and 19 non-asthmatics (aged 14-21 years) underwent combined hypertonic saline challenge/sputum induction, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, atopy and spirometry tests, followed by capsaicin challenge. EA and NEA were defined using a sputum eosinophil cut-point of 2.5%. Airway hyperreactivity was defined as a ≥15% drop in FEV1 during saline challenge. Sensory nerve reactivity was defined as the lowest capsaicin concentration that evoked 5 (C5) coughs. RESULTS: Non-eosinophilic asthmatics (n=20) had heightened capsaicin sensitivity (lower C5) compared with non-asthmatics (n=19) (geometric mean C5: 58.3 µM, 95% CI 24.1 to 141.5 vs 193.6 µM, 82.2 to 456.0; p<0.05). NEA tended to also have greater capsaicin sensitivity than EA, with the difference in capsaicin sensitivity between NEA and EA being of similar magnitude (58.3 µM, 24.1 to 141.5 vs 191.0 µM, 70.9 to 514.0) to that observed between NEA and non-asthmatics; however, this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.07). FEV1 was significantly reduced from baseline following capsaicin inhalation in both asthmatics and non-asthmatics but no differences were found between subgroups. No associations with capsaicin sensitivity and atopy, sputum eosinophils, blood eosinophils, asthma control or treatment were observed. CONCLUSION: NEA, but not EA, showed enhanced capsaicin sensitivity compared with non-asthmatics. Sensory nerve reactivity may therefore play an important role in the pathophysiology of NEA

Flexible Software Platform for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Data Acquisition and Analysis

Over the last several decades, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has proved to be a valuable analytical tool for the real-time measurement of neurotransmitter dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, FSCV has found application in a wide variety of disciplines including electrochemistry, neurobiology and behavioral psychology. The maturation of FSCV as an in vivo technique led users to pose increasingly complex questions that require a more sophisticated experimental design. To accommodate recent and future advances in FSCV application, our lab has developed High Definition Cyclic Voltammetry (HDCV). HDCV is an electrochemical software suite, and includes data acquisition and analysis programs. The data collection program delivers greater experimental flexibility and better user feedback through live displays. It supports experiments involving multiple electrodes with customized waveforms. It is compatible with TTL-based systems that are used for monitoring animal behavior and it enables simultaneous recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological data. HDCV analysis streamlines data processing with superior filtering options, seamlessly manages behavioral events, and integrates chemometric processing. Furthermore, analysis is capable of handling single files collected over extended periods of time, allowing the user to consider biological events on both sub-second and multi-minute time scales. Here we describe and demonstrate the utility of HDCV for in vivo experiments

Sex ratio of the offspring of New Zealand phenoxy herbicide producers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has inconsistently been associated with a decreased sex ratio of the offspring (number of male births divided by total births). We conducted a study among men and women who were employed in a New Zealand phenoxy herbicide production plant between 1969 and 1984, to study their offspring sex ratio in relation to their back-calculated TCDD serum concentrations determined in 2007/2008. METHODS: A total of 127 men and 21 women reported that 355 children were conceived after starting employment at the plant. The association between their lipid-standardised TCDD serum concentrations back-calculated to the time of their offspring's birth and the probability of a male birth was estimated through logistic regression, adjusting for the age of the exposed parent at birth, current body mass index and smoking. RESULTS: The overall sex ratio was 0.55 (197 boys, 158 girls). For fathers with serum TCDD concentrations ≥20 pg/g lipid at time of birth, the sex ratio was 0.47 (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.79). The probability of a male birth decreased with higher paternal serum TCDD at time of birth (<4; 4-20; 20-100; ≥100 pg/g lipid), with ORs of 1.00 (reference); 1.00 (95% CI 0.50 to 2.02); 0.52 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.92); 0.45 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.89), p trend 0.007. For exposed mothers, the sex ratio was not reduced. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that paternal serum TCDD concentrations in excess of an estimated 20 pg/g lipid at time of conception are associated with a reduced sex ratio