Critical analysis of the reporting quality of case reports focusing on dental traumatology using the Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics 2020 checklist: A baseline evaluation prior to checklist publication

Background/Aims: The Preferred Reporting Items for Case Reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines were published to help authors produce high‐quality case reports. The aim of this study was to use the PRICE 2020 guidelines to appraise a sample of 50 case reports related to dental traumatology that were published before the guidelines were available in order to assess various parameters influencing the reporting quality. Methods: Fifty case reports published between 2015 and 2019 and related to dental traumatology were randomly selected from the PubMed database. Reports were assessed by two independent evaluators using the PRICE checklist. Each item received a score of “1” if the manuscript met all pertinent criteria, “0” if it was not reported, and “0.5” if it was reported insufficiently. “Not Applicable” (NA) was assigned to items that were irrelevant to a specific report. The estimated total PRICE score for each case report was computed by adding all the scores, with a maximum score of 47 minus any “NA” scores. Descriptive and Inferential statistics (Student's t‐test and ANOVA) were used for analysis. Results: The percentage of case reports that fully met each applicable criteria ranged from 0% to 100%. The percentage of case reports partially satisfying each applicable criterion varied from 0% to 88%. There was a significant difference in scores for case reports published in journals with an impact factor compared with those without (p = .042). No significant difference was observed between the mean scores that compared the period of publication. There was no significant difference between journals that followed the CARE guidelines and those that did not. Conclusion: Several items within the PRICE 2020 guidelines were either not reported or only partially reported in case reports related to dental traumatology prior to the checklist publication. It is recommended that authors follow the PRICE 2020 guidelines to improve the overall quality of their case reports

Economic Crisis and Investor Behaviour

This study investigates the effects of crises on domestic and foreign investors’ behaviours by utilizing a nonlinear approach. Considering the nonlinearity inherent in many financial variables, this study proposes an appropriate econometric modelling for analysing the investors’ behaviour, particularly during turbulent times. Specifically, STAR-STGARCH family models and generalized impulse response function analysis (GIRF) are employed to understand the different reactions of foreign and domestic investors at the Malaysian Stock Exchange market during the 1997 Asian crisis. The results of the model and the GIRF analysis have shown that foreign investors exhibited a herding behavior during the crisis and responded the shock more quickly than the domestic investors. When the same analysis is applied to understand the effects of the 2008 Subprime Mortgage Crisis in the Malaysian market, the behaviors of foreign and domestic investors are found to be very similar

What Drives Different Types of Capital Flows and their Volatilities in Developing Asia?

Understanding the determinants of capital inflows is essential to designing an effective policy framework to manage volatile capital flows and their disruptive potential. This paper aims to identify factors that explain the size and volatility of various types of capital flows to developing Asia, vis-à-vis other emerging market economies. The estimates for a panel dataset show that per capita income growth, trade openness, and change in stock market capitalization are important determinants of capital inflows to developing Asia. Trade openness increases the volatility of all types of capital inflows; while change in stock market capitalization, global liquidity growth and institutional quality lowers the volatility. A regional factor plays an important role in determining the size and volatility of capital inflows in emerging Europe and emerging Latin America, suggesting that regional economic cooperation and policy coordination may be an important element in designing a policy framework to manage capital inflows

Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache: 1. Rationale and description

In countries where headache services exist at all, their focus is usually on specialist (tertiary) care. This is clinically and economically inappropriate: most headache disorders can effectively and more efficiently (and at lower cost) be treated in educationally supported primary care. At the same time, compartmentalizing divisions between primary, secondary and tertiary care in many health-care systems create multiple inefficiencies, confronting patients attempting to navigate these levels (the “patient journey”) with perplexing obstacles. High demand for headache care, estimated here in a needs-assessment exercise, is the biggest of the challenges to reform. It is also the principal reason why reform is necessary. The structured headache services model presented here by experts from all world regions on behalf of the Global Campaign against Headache is the suggested health-care solution to headache. It develops and refines previous proposals, responding to the challenge of high demand by basing headache services in primary care, with two supporting arguments. First, only primary care can deliver headache services equitably to the large numbers of people needing it. Second, with educational supports, they can do so effectively to most of these people. The model calls for vertical integration between care levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), and protection of the more advanced levels for the minority of patients who need them. At the same time, it is amenable to horizontal integration with other care services. It is adaptable according to the broader national or regional health services in which headache services should be embedded. It is, according to evidence and argument presented, an efficient and cost-effective model, but these are claims to be tested in formal economic analyses

European Banking Union

Ulazak u Europsku uniju, za novije zemlje članice nužno znači ulazak i u europsku Ekonomsku i monetarnu uniju nakon ispunjavanja nominalnih kriterija konvergencije te ostalih propisanih preduvjeta. Budući da je propast Lehman Brothers-a 2008. godine i pojava financijske krize dovela do razdora i nesigurnosti cjelokupnog bankarskog sustava, kako u cijelom svijetu tako i u Europskoj uniji, odnosno europskoj Ekonomskoj i monetarnoj uniji, osnivanje bankovne unije kao dijela integriranog financijskog okvira predstavlja odgovor na za sve gospodarske i financijske probleme koji su pritom nastali. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je analizirati proces nastanka bankovne unije te utvrditi njenu ulogu u bankarskom sektoru zemalja članica Europske unije, kao i saniranju posljedica financijske krize. Isto tako, cilj je opisati važnost tri stupa bankovne unije koja čine: jedinstveni nadzorni mehanizam, jedinstveni sanacijski mehanizam te povezani mehanizmi financiranja. Njihove odrednice predstavljaju glavne smjernice uspješnog djelovanja gospodarskog i financijskog sustava. Nadalje, analizira se i uloga, odnosno važnost Europske središnje banke i Europskog mehanizma stabilnosti u nadzoru bankovne unije koji je bitan za uspješno funkcioniranje sustava.Joining the European Union, for the newer Member States necessary means entering into the European Economic and Monetary Union after filling the nominal convergence criteria and other prescribed requirements. Since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 and the emergence of the financial crisis led to discord and uncertainty of the overall banking system, both worldwide and in European Union and European Economic and Monetary Union, the establishment of banking union as part of an integrated financial framework is a response to all the economic and financial problems that are pushing incurred. The aim of this diploma work is to analyze the process of creating banking union and to determine its role in the banking sector the EU Member States, as well as dealing with the consequences of the financial crisis. Also, the aim is to describe the importance of the three mechanisms that creates banking union: a Single Supervisory Mechanism, a Single Recovery Mechanism and related funding mechanisms. Their guidelines are the main guidelines for successful operation of the economic and financial system. Furthermore, assesses the role or importance of the European Central Bank and the European stability mechanism to control banking union that is essential for the successful function of the system