Polityka Unii Europejskiej wobec Indonezji

Rozdział omawia kwestię współpracy politycznej oraz gospodarczej pomiędzy UE i Indonezją. Autorki poruszają również kwestie pomocy humanitarnej i rozwojowej dla tego kraju.Publikacja została dofinansowana przez Unię Europejską w ramach projektu Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Module „Asia as a Challenge for the European Union

Dietary supplements in sport – side effects

Introduction: Dietary supplements (DS) were legalized for the first time in 1994 by the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act. The statute defined DS as a source of one or more nutritional component such as minerals, herbs, vitamins, etc. Athletes are known as a distinctive group with the highest DS in sport intake (from 48-81%) The consumption of DS has been reported among recreational active individuals and non-athletes Purpose: present possible side effects caused by DS usage in sport. State of knowledge: Protein powders are common DS among athletes and bodybuilders, which consist of whey, casein, vegetable proteins in soy protein isolate (SPI). SPI contains week estrogens such as isoflavones genistein and daidzein. The surveys with isolated cases showed hepatic injury among athletes users of creatine, but the doses of DS were inappropriate and excessive. L-carnitine is a substance which is used due to its „fat-burning” abilities and a consequence of its higher intake are atherosclerotic lesions. Summary: DS in sport are used due to enhance muscle mass, duration, and efficiency of training. However, inappropriate usage of them may lead to many side effects. Athletes and professionals in sport should be consulted by the physician before and during the supplementation of DS in sport. Creatine is a substrate for a contraction of a muscl

In search of insolvency among European countries

The global financial crisis has proven to be one of the worst and mostdemanding events ever. According to common understanding, it is highly unlikely for a country to go bankrupt. However, we have seen a number of countries on the verge of bankruptcy, as well as many which have officially gone bankrupt. It is probable that many more will do so in the future. This knowledge has led us to the question: how probable is it that a sovereign might suffer serious solvency problems? The purpose of this study was to apply a multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) as an effective tool for a recognition and differentiation among defaulted and non-defaulted nations. The performed analysis was based on data up to 2012 for 26 emerging and 20 developed European countries. The results indicated a high predictive power for ‘non-liquid’ macroeconomic variables like import, export, investment, population and GDP ratios, underlining MDA as the most suitable model for insolvency prediction, compared to other popular methods like probit and logit model. But unlike in other studies the debt/lending/revenue ratios were characterised by weak predictive power

DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT AS A CHALLENGE FOR TODAY’S MANAGERS

With the challenges that modern organizations face (Mulgan, 2009), diversity management becoming a major issue for managers – from recognizing diversity (identifying it, making people aware of its importance) to planning an effective strategy to manage it. This also requires a deeper understanding of diversity and social inclusion. Many research studies (Gross-Gołacka, 2018; Kuldova, 2012) show that in the 21st century, the success of any organization – regardless of size or industry – will depend on how it manages diversity. Organizations that make diversity management part of their business strategy will be successful. So far, including in Poland, diversity management issues have not been the subject of many specific studies. Diversity management concepts are not implemented reliably in organizations due to a lack of knowledge, analysis, and conclusions. This article aims to identify possible gaps, and cognitive and empirical problems in assessing the preparedness or maturity in diversity management of employers in Poland

LOVE in English and Polish

LOVE in English and PolishThe paper presents a sample contrastive analysis of the linguistic picture of love in English and Polish. The material used in the survey is drawn from lexicographic data, including the British National Corpus and Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Corpus of Polish]. The paper focuses on the similarities and differences in conceptualizing the abstract concept of love in the English and Polish languages. An analytical method, developed by Bartmiński and associates, serves as the theoretical basis for the reconstruction of the linguistic picture of the world. MIŁOŚĆ w języku angielskim i polskimNiniejszy artykuł to próba kontrastywnego porównania językowego obrazu świata MIŁOŚCI w języku angielskim i polskim. Materiał badawczy pochodzi głównie ze źródeł leksykograficznych: słowników oraz korpusów (Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego oraz z korpusu języka angielskiego British National Corpus). Celem badania było poszukiwanie podobieństw i różnic w konceptualizacji MIŁOŚCI w tych dwóch językach. Metoda badawcza została zaczerpnięta z prac J. Bartmińskiego i dotyczy rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu świata różnych pojęć

Bilateral aggressive malignant granulosa cell tumour with essentially different immunophenotypes in primary and metastatic lesions comprising predominantly sarcomatoid and fibrothecomatous patterns – looking for prognostic markers: a case report

We present an unusual case of a young woman with rare bilateral, very aggressive ovarian granulosa cell tumour (GCT), comprised of granulosa, sarcomatoid and fibrothecomatous fields with significantly different immunostaining of primary and metastatic tumours showing stronger WT1, Bcl2, fascin and EGFR expression in metastases. Despite radical surgery and chemotherapy the tumour recurred rapidly and the patient died 16 months later. Such results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of immunostaining for the above markers as prognostic/predictive factors and the need for careful assessment of the immunoprofile of both primary and metastatic tumours, which can be useful for therapy and follow-up planning in GCT cases

WYKORZYSTANIE PLATFORMY CDE WE WSPÓŁPRACY ZESPOŁOWEJ W BIM

In project processes, group collaboration and project documentation management are important aspects. In order for the cooperation of all project participants to be effective, it should be based first and foremost on adequate and effective communication. All project participants should use such solutions so that they can exchange, manage and combine information quickly and efficiently throughout the entire investment process, thus providing a complete picture of the situation. To this end, it is necessary to develop a catalogue of good practices supported by a variety of examples, as well as rules for group cooperation when using a CDE-type solution. The aim of this article was to show the advantages and benefits as well as the disadvantages and limitations in group collaboration when working on a single BIM model.W procesach projektowych ważny aspekt stanowi współpraca grupowa oraz zarządzanie dokumentacją projektową. Aby współpraca wszystkich uczestników projektu była efektywna, powinna opierać się przede wszystkim na odpowiedniej i efektywnej komunikacji. Wszyscy uczestnicy projektu powinni używać takich rozwiązań, aby przez cały proces inwestycyjny mogli szybko i sprawnie wymieniać się informacjami, zarządzać nimi i łączyć je ze sobą, dostarczając w ten sposób kompletny obraz danej sytuacji. W tym celu konieczne jest opracowanie katalogu dobrych praktyk podpartych różnorodnymi przykładami oraz zasad współpracy grupowej przy stosowaniu rozwiązań typu CDE. Celem artykułu było pokazanie zalet i korzyści oraz wad i ograniczeń we współpracy grupowej podczas pracy na jednym modelu BIM

Consciousness of the consequences of smoking cigarettes and the prevalence of cigarette smoking among medical students

Cigarettes are composed of toxic substances that result in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking is also a risk factor of many cancers. Among the billions of smokers in the world, many of them are doctors and medical students - people who realize the importance of negative consequences of this addiction. We made an anonymous questionnaire, which contained 28 original questions and was published on the Internet to find out how many students of Medical Universities in Poland are addicted to tobacco and if they are aware of the consequences of their addiction. Papierosy składają się z wielu toksycznych substancji, powodują rozwój POChP, chorób sercowo-naczyniowych, a także są predykatorami wielu nowotworów. Wśród miliardów palaczy na świecie są lekarze, studenci medycyny, ludzie, którzy zdają sobie sprawę z wagi komplikacji tego uzależnienia. Przeprowadzono anonimową ankietę, która zawierała 28 oryginalnych pytań i została opublikowana w internecie, aby sprawdzić, ilu studentów uniwersytetów medycznych w Polsce jest uzależnionych od tytoniu i czy są oni świadomi konsekwencji uzależnienia

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) - case report

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmic emergency, most commonly caused by an embolism, usually from the carotid arteries. It can be considered as an acute stroke of the eye, and is an ocular analogue of cerebral stroke. The incidence of CRAO is estimated to be 1 in 100 000 people. Risk factors include hypertension, carotid atherosclerosis, structural cardiac pathology, coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular accident, and diabetes mellitus. CRAO usually presents with a sudden, painless loss of vision. 52 - year old male was admitted to the Ophthalmology ER, reporting a painless monocular vision loss in a right eye for two days. After such a long time from the occurrence of symptoms, there weren’t any possible treatment methods for this patient, besides preventing future embolic events. Ophthalmological examination showed only a light perception in a right eye and vision in the left eye was 1.0. Patient was diagnosed to identify risk factors of CRAO: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis or thrombophilia. He was qualified for a careful observation for the atherosclerotic risk factors and educated, that in case of occurrence of the similar symptoms, he needs to report to a Ophthalmologist immediately. Currently, there are two main types of treating an acute non-arteritic CRAO: the first: ‘standard’, non-invasive method, and the second: using the thrombolytics deployed intravenously or intra-arterially. Unfortunately, they couldn’t be used to treat described patient, since he has already been in a late phase of CRAO

Stress among medical students in Poland

There is no doubt that stress is bonded with daily routine of students. Medical colleges are one of these environments, which are associated with negative impact of stress on many fields of life like physical health, academic feedback and physiological mood of student`s. Aim of study is to analyse the incidence of stress among students from different fields of study in Medical Universities in Poland. In that case we perform anonymous questionnaire, which contained 23 original questions and was widespreaded via Internet. Stress is a common problem among students from medical faculties. There is no doubt that stress is an inseparable companion during not only studies, but also after degree while working as a professional. For that reason it is necessary to encourage young people to find their own effective manner to cope with stress