Bermuda’s Museum Treasures: An Application of Collections Accessibility

Over the past twenty years, led by large cultural institutions, there has been an evolutionary shift in the way that museums connect with visitors and make their artifacts and archives accessible. As cultural institutions face greater demands from audiences, museums are adapting and embracing technological components now fundamental to growth and success. The National Museum of Bermuda is a small institution that is in a transformative stage. This paper focuses on how the National Museum of Bermuda have integrated advanced exhibit design and components in addition to how they are implementing networking tools to invite audiences to take a deeper look at their collections

Airborne Doppler radar detection of low altitude windshear

As part of an integrated windshear program, the Federal Aviation Administration, jointly with NASA, is sponsoring a research effort to develop airborne sensor technology for the detection of low altitude windshear during aircraft take-off and landing. One sensor being considered is microwave Doppler radar operating at X-band or above. Using a Microburst/Clutter/Radar simulation program, a preliminary feasibility study was conducted to assess the performance of Doppler radars for this application. Preliminary results from this study are presented. Analysis show, that using bin-to-bin Automatic Gain Control (AGC), clutter filtering, limited detection range, and suitable antenna tilt management, windshear from a wet microburst can be accurately detected 10 to 65 seconds (.75 to 5 km) in front of the aircraft. Although a performance improvement can be obtained at higher frequency, the baseline X-band system that was simulated detected the presence of a windshear hazard for the dry microburst. Although this study indicates the feasibility of using an airborne Doppler radar to detect low altitude microburst windshear, further detailed studies, including future flight experiments, will be required to completely characterize the capabilities and limitations

Managing temporal relations

Various temporal constraints on the execution of activities are described, and their representation in the scheduling system MAESTRO is discussed. Initial examples are presented using a sample activity described. Those examples are expanded to include a second activity, and the types of temporal constraints that can obtain between two activities are explored. Soft constraints, or preferences, in activity placement are discussed. Multiple performances of activities are considered, with respect to both hard and soft constraints. The primary methods used in MAESTRO to handle temporal constraints are described as are certain aspects of contingency handling with respect to temporal constraints. A discussion of the overall approach, with indications of future directions for this research, concludes the study

The role of artificial intelligence techniques in scheduling systems

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques provide good solutions for many of the problems which are characteristic of scheduling applications. However, scheduling is a large, complex heterogeneous problem. Different applications will require different solutions. Any individual application will require the use of a variety of techniques, including both AI and conventional software methods. The operational context of the scheduling system will also play a large role in design considerations. The key is to identify those places where a specific AI technique is in fact the preferable solution, and to integrate that technique into the overall architecture

Scheduling spacecraft operations

A prototype scheduling system named MAESTRO currently under development is being used to explore possible approaches to the spacecraft operations scheduling problem. Results indicate that the appropriate combination of heuristic and other techniques can provide an acceptable solution to the scheduling problem over a wide range of operational scenarios and management approaches. These can include centralized or distributed instrument or systems control, batch or incremental scheduling, scheduling loose resource envelopes or exact profiles, and scheduling with varying degrees of user intervention. Techniques used within MAESTRO to provide this flexibility and power include constraint propagation mechanisms, multiple asynchronous processes, prioritized transaction-based command management, resource opportunity calculation, user-alterable selection and placement mechanisms, and maintenance of multiple schedules and resource profiles. These techniques and scheduling complexities requiring them are discussed

EPR spectroscopy of iron- and nickel-doped [ZnAl]-layered double hydroxides: modeling active sites in heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts

Iron-doped nickel layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most active heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts. Due to inter-spin interactions, however, the high density of magnetic centers results in line-broadening in magnetic resonance spectra. As a result, gaining atomic-level insight into the catalytic mechanism via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is not generally possible. To circumvent spin-spin broadening, iron and nickel atoms were doped into non-magnetic [ZnAl]-LDH materials and the coordination environments of the isolated Fe(III) and Ni(II) sites were characterized. Multifrequency EPR spectroscopy identified two distinct Fe(III) sites (S = 5/2) in [Fe:ZnAl]-LDH. Changes in zero field splitting (ZFS) were induced by dehydration of the material, revealing that one of the Fe(III) sites is solvent-exposed (i.e. at an edge, corner, or defect site). These solvent-exposed sites feature an axial ZFS of 0.21 cm⁻¹ when hydrated. The ZFS increases dramatically upon dehydration (to -1.5 cm⁻¹), owing to lower symmetry and a decrease in the coordination number of iron. The ZFS of the other (“inert”) Fe(III) site maintains an axial ZFS of 0.19-0.20 cm⁻¹ under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions. We observed a similar effect in [Ni:ZnAl]-LDH materials; notably, Ni(II) (S = 1) atoms displayed a single, small ZFS (±0.30 cm⁻¹) in hydrated material, whereas two distinct Ni(II) ZFS values (±0.30 and ±1.1 cm⁻¹) were observed in the dehydrated samples. Although the magnetically-dilute materials were not active catalysts, the identification of model sites in which the coordination environments of iron and nickel were particularly labile (e.g. by simple vacuum drying) is an important step towards identifying sites in which the coordination number may drop spontaneously in water, a probable mechanism of water oxidation in functional materials

Aerothermodynamic Assessment of Corrugated Panel Thermal Protection Systems

The feasibility of using corrugated panels as a thermal protection system for an advanced space transportation vehicle was investigated. The study consisted of two major tasks: development of improved correlations for wind tunnel heat transfer and pressure data to yield design techniques, and application of the design techniques to determine if corrugated panels have application future aerospace vehicles. A single-stage-to-orbit vehicle was used to assess advantages and aerothermodynamic penalties associated with use of such panels. In the correlation task, experimental turbulent heat transfer and pressure data obtained on corrugation roughened surfaces during wind tunnel testing were analyzed and compared with flat plate data. The correlations and data comparisons included the effects of a large range of geometric, inviscid flow, internal boundary layer, and bulk boundary layer parameters in supersonic and hypersonic flow

Biodiversity and carbon content of trees on a university campus

The summer research project described in this chapter can serve as a model for the introduction of a spatial approach to problem solving in a multidisciplinary setting. This example demonstrates that even undergraduate students can collect, analyze, and build web applications for relevant spatial databases. It also demonstrates the importance of having a campus GIS support group to guide projects, train the students in technical skills, and enable them to share their results through an ArcGIS Online based web app. Involvement in the summer project prompted the students to pursue degrees in geography, economics and environmental studies, and computer science and biology. By gathering their own spatially explicit biological data, the students learn fundamental skills that cross the STEM disciplines, such as measurement, cataloging, data standards, and problem-solving. They were able to complete each step of the project from field collection, database design, analysis, and publication of a web site. The authors believe that it is critical at a small liberal arts school to provide students with the opportunity to visualize abstract processes of biodiversity change, gain experience quantifying biomass and carbon storage, evaluate the impact of tree loss on carbon budget and biodiversity, and place those local observations in the context of global processes