An Administrative Crack in the EU’s Rule of Law: Composite Decision-making and Nonjusticiable National Law

Composite administrative procedures – Exclusive jurisdiction of Union courts to review non-binding national preparatory acts – No jurisdiction of Union courts to enforce national law – Autonomy and uniformity of EU law – No judicial control possible of violation of domestic law by national authorities – National rule of law gap – Judicial review, effective judicial protection, and principle of administrative legalit

Índice de área foliar e rendimento de grãos verdes do feijão-caupi sob diferentes regimes hídricos.

A produção e o consumo de grãos verdes representam um mercado altamente promissor para o feijão-caupi, tornando-se uma boa opção de renda para os agricultores familiares. Existem vários fatores que contribuem para os baixos rendimentos de grãos da cultura, dentre os quais o manejo inadequado da irrigação. Uma das tecnologias para aumentar essa produtividade é o manejo adequado da irrigação. Por meio do índice de área foliar, é possível avaliar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de um cultivo irrigado, uma vez que a escassez ou excesso de água afetam diretamente o desenvolvimento das folhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre o índice de área foliar relacionado com o rendimento de grãos verdes em feijão-caupi. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, em Teresina, Piauí, de setembro a novembro de 2009. A cultivar utilizada foi a BRS Guariba de porte semiereto e tegumento branco. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas cinco lâminas de irrigação, estabelecidas com base em frações da evapotranspiração de referência (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da ETo), estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith. Os valores máximos obtidos para o índice de área foliar foram: 3,16 (25%ETo); 3,06 (50%ETo); 3,91 (75%ETo); 3,52 (100%ETo) e 5,02 (125%ETo). O maior rendimento de grãos verdes, 2.844 kg ha-1 é obtido com aplicação da lâmina de irrigação de 322 mm (125% ETo) e correlaciona-se positivamente com o índice de área foliar.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/139b.pdf. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2013

O papel dos cuidados continuados na reconstrução da autonomia

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

DIBMA nanodiscs keep α-synuclein folded

α-Synuclein (αsyn) is a cytosolic intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) known to fold into an α-helical structure when binding to membrane lipids, decreasing protein aggregation. Model membrane enable elucidation of factors critically affecting protein folding/aggregation, mostly using either small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) or nanodiscs surrounded by membrane scaffold proteins (MSPs). Yet SUVs are mechanically strained, while MSP nanodiscs are expensive. To test the impact of lipid particle size on α-syn structuring, while overcoming the limitations associated with the lipid particles used so far, we compared the effects of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and lipid-bilayer nanodiscs encapsulated by diisobutylene/maleic acid copolymer (DIBMA) on αsyn secondary-structure formation, using human-, elephant- and whale -αsyn. Our results confirm that negatively charged lipids induce αsyn folding in h-αsyn and e-αsyn but not in w-αsyn. When a mixture of zwitterionic and negatively charged lipids was used, no increase in the secondary structure was detected at 45 °C. Further, our results show that DIBMA/lipid particles (DIBMALPs) are highly suitable nanoscale membrane mimics for studying αsyn secondary-structure formation and aggregation, as folding was essentially independent of the lipid/protein ratio, in contrast with what we observed for LUVs having the same lipid compositions. This study reveals a new and promising application of polymer-encapsulated lipid-bilayer nanodiscs, due to their excellent efficiency in structuring disordered proteins such as αsyn into nontoxic α-helical structures. This will contribute to the unravelling and modelling aspects concerning protein-lipid interactions and α-helix formation by αsyn, paramount to the proposal of new methods to avoid protein aggregation and disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

role of female sex hormone receptors

Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by grant IECT-FAPEMA-05796/18 and FAPEMA IECT 30/2018-IECT Saúde, by the Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (project no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2017); by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI—Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, and national funds by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under projects UID/AGR/04033/2020, UIDB/CVT/00772/2020 and by Base Funding-UIDB/00511/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology, and Energy—LEPABE—funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PID-DAC); Project 2SMART-engineered Smart materials for Smart citizens, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.A growing proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). For reasons that remain largely unknown, HPV+OPSCC is significantly more common in men than in women. This study aims to determine the incidence of OPSCC in male and female HPV16-transgenic mice and to explore the role of female sex hormone receptors in the sexual predisposition for HPV+ OPSCC. The tongues of 30-weeks-old HPV16-transgenic male (n = 80) and female (n = 90) and matched wild-type male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) FVB/n mice were screened histologically for intraepithelial and invasive lesions in 2017 at the Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Por-tugal. Expression of estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), progesterone receptors (PR) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was studied immunohistochemically. Collagen remodeling was studied using picrosirius red. Female mice showed robust ERα and ERβ expression in intraepithelial and invasive lesions, which was accompanied by strong MMP2 expression and marked collagen remodeling. Male mice showed minimal ERα, ERβ and MMP2 expression and unaltered collagen patterns. These results confirm the association of HPV16 with tongue base cancer in both sexes. The higher cancer incidence in female versus male mice contrasts with data from OPSCC patients and is associated with enhanced ER expression via MMP2 upregulation.publishersversionpublishe