(Orpheus wendet sich um) : szenisch-musikalische Interpretation der drei Orpheus-Opern

So wie sich Orpheus im Hades umwendet, weil er sich versichern will, dass seine Eurydike noch hinter ihm ist, so muss sich heute die Musikpädagogik immer wieder umwenden, um sich zu vergewissern, dass die SchülerInnen ihr folgen. Während Orpheus jedoch die Gattin zum zweiten Mal verliert, besteht im Unterricht die Chance, durch neue Methoden das Interesse für Musik zu stärken. Die Szenische Interpretation von Musiktheater gibt dem „Musiklehrerstand“ die Möglichkeit, durch spielerische Motivation einen Zugang zu den Werken zu schaffen, der eine Zeit lang die „Not und Plage“ der Schule vergessen lässt. SchülerInnen und LehrerInnen verhalten sich anders im Umgang miteinander, werden zu SpielerInnen und SpielleiterInnen, die gemeinsam eine Interpretation der Werke erarbeiten. Wir haben das vorliegende Konzept in verschiedenen SchülerInnen-, StudentInnen- und LehrerInnengruppen durchgeführt - „ein halbes Dutzend Lektionen“ -, bis wir zu dieser Version gekommen sind. Allen Beteiligten gilt unser Dank, besonders den SchülerInnen der Klasse 10a des Goethe-Gymnasiums in Berlin Wilmersdorf und deren Musiklehrer Gero Krüger. In dieser Klasse sind die Fotos entstanden und viele Anregungen der SchülerInnen waren wichtig für die Überarbeitung einzelner Spielverfahren. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik kann schon in der 8. oder 9. Klasse beginnen, je nach Reifegrad der SchülerInnen. In der Oberstufe bietet es sich dann an, einzelne Themen zu vertiefen oder musikalische Analysen im Anschluss an die Methoden zu erarbeiten

Temperature and food quantity effects on the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes : combining in vivo bioassays with population modeling

The harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes has become a popular model species for toxicity testing over the past few decades. However, the combined influence of temperature and food shortage, two climate change-related stressors, has never been assessed in this species. Consequently, effects of three temperatures (15, 20 and 25˚C) and six food regimes (between 0 and 5 × 10^5 algal cells/mL) on the life cycle of N. spinipes were examined in this study. Similarly to other copepod species, development times and brood sizes decreased with rising temperatures. Mortality was lowest in the 20˚C temperature setup, indicating a close-by temperature optimum for this species. Decreasing food concentrations led to increased development times, higher mortality and a reduction in brood size. A sex ratio shift toward more females per male was observed for increasing temperatures, while no significant relationship with food concentration was found. Temperature and food functions for each endpoint were integrated into an existing individual-based population model for N. spinipes which in the future may serve as an extrapolation tool in environmental risk assessment. The model was able to accurately reproduce the experimental data in subsequent verification simulations. We suggest that temperature, food shortage, and potentially other climate change-related stressors should be considered in environmental risk assessment of chemicals to account for non-optimal exposure conditions that may occur in the field. Furthermore, we advocate combining in vivo bioassays with population modeling as a cost effective higher tier approach to assess such considerations

Of Keeping and Tipping the Balance: Host Regulation and Viral Modulation of IRF3-Dependent IFNB1 Expression

The type I interferon (IFN) response is a principal component of our immune system that allows to counter a viral attack immediately upon viral entry into host cells. Upon engagement of aberrantly localised nucleic acids, germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors convey their find via a signalling cascade to prompt kinase-mediated activation of a specific set of five transcription factors. Within the nucleus, the coordinated interaction of these dimeric transcription factors with coactivators and the basal RNA transcription machinery is required to access the gene encoding the type I IFN IFNβ (IFNB1). Virus-induced release of IFNβ then induces the antiviral state of the system and mediates further mechanisms for defence. Due to its key role during the induction of the initial IFN response, the activity of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is tightly regulated by the host and fiercely targeted by viral proteins at all conceivable levels. In this review, we will revisit the steps enabling the trans-activating potential of IRF3 after its activation and the subsequent assembly of the multi-protein complex at the IFNβ enhancer that controls gene expression. Further, we will inspect the regulatory mechanisms of these steps imposed by the host cell and present the manifold strategies viruses have evolved to intervene with IFNβ transcription downstream of IRF3 activation in order to secure establishment of a productive infection

Intraoperative Radiotherapie (IORT) mit Elektronen nach brusterhaltender Operation beim Mammacarcinom

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Ergebnisse von 47 Mammacarcinom-Patientinnen analysiert, die zwischen 01/2002 und 10/2005 in der Klinik für Strahlentherapie – Radioonkologie – des Universitätsklinikums Münster im Rahmen der adjuvanten Radiotherapie nach Brusterhalt eine Dosisaufsättigung des Tumorbettes (Boost) durch eine Intraoperative Radiotherapie (IORT) erhalten haben. Die Technik der IORT zeigte sich hierbei als praktisch gut und einfach durchführbar. Normalgewebe und benachbarte Organe konnten geschont werden, gleichzeitig erlaubt die IORT eine optimale Erfassung des Tumorbettes durch direkte Visualisierung. Nach medianer Nachbeobachtungszeit von 30 Monaten sind höhergradige Akut- oder Spätkomplikationen sowie Lokalrezidive nicht aufgetreten. Die kosmetischen Ergebnisse sind überwiegend sehr gut oder gut

Research towards cross-media dialogue communication of municipalities using the example of the central Saxon university town of Mittweida

In der vorliegenden Arbeit findet eine Betrachtung der Möglichkeiten einer crossmedialen Dialogkommunikation in Kommunen am Beispiel der Hochschulstadt Mittweida statt. Es wird untersucht, wie Kommunen über eine vernetzte, interaktive, multisensorische sowie formal, inhaltlich und zeitlich integrierte Kommunikation ihre Bürger informieren und sie zu einem Dialog über lokal relevante Themen motivieren können. Dabei wird die Frage verfolgt, mit welchem Fokus Bürger im Rahmen einer solchen Kampagne kommunizieren und wie dabei der gewünschte Dialog entsteht. Datengrundlage für die Untersuchungen bilden Beobachtungen in den während der Kampagne Zukunftsstadt Mittweida etablierten und durch die Forschungsgruppe Crossmediale Medienwirkungsforschung an der Hochschule Mittweida weitergeführten Kanälen. Zudem wurde eine Befragung zum Stand der Kommunikation in sächsischen Kommunen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in einer crossmedialen Kommunikation in Kommunen Emotionen bei der Ansprache der Bürger eine bedeutende Rolle spielen und sich in den verschiedenen lokalen Medienkanälen Synergien entwickeln, die den Kommunikationserfolg mit den Bürgern stützen.This thesis contains an examination of the opportunities of cross-media dialogue communication in municipalities using the example of the university town of Mittweida. It is investigated how municipalities can inform their citizens through a cross-linked, interactive, multi-sensory as well as formal, content-linked and time integrated communication and motivate them for a dialogue about topics of local relevance. The central question pursued is with which focus citizens communicate in the context of a cross-media campaign and how the desired dialogue evolves. The data base of the investigations was formed by observation of the media-channels established during the campaign Zukunftsstadt Mittweida and later used by the cross-media media-impact research group at the University of Applied Sciences Mittweida. In addition, this thesis contains a survey about the state of communication in Saxon municipalities. The results show that emotion plays a major role in addressing the citizens in a cross-media communication in communities and that synergy evolves across different local media, supporting the success of communication with the citizens

Chemically-induced trout model of acute intestinal inflammation using TNBS.

Chemically-induced models of intestinal inflammation are a useful tool for the study of immune responses and inflammation. Although well established in mammals, application of these models is currently limited in teleosts. Based on a variety of factors, including genetic diversity, known toxicological sensitivity, and economic importance, we propose salmonids as a model family of fishes for studying intestinal inflammation. We present a rainbow trout model of chemically-induced intestinal inflammation using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), assessed through histological analysis of primary and secondary intestinal folding, enterocyte morphology, goblet cell size and frequency, tissue layer thickness, and immune cell infiltration. Twenty-four hours after treatment with one of three concentrations of TNBS, trout developed classic signs of intestinal inflammation, including notably increased thickness of primary and secondary folds, and increased immune cell infiltration as compared to controls. This study provides a simple, reproducible model of rapid TNBS-induction of moderate intestinal inflammation

Diversidad patogénica dentro de poblaciones de jopo de girasol (O. cumana)

Resúmes del XII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

A rapid and sensitive fluorometric method for determination of aldehyde oxidase activity

CC BY-NC-ND Accepted VersionThe research was supported through the Canada Research Chair program and an NSERC Discovery Grant (Grant #371854-20) to Markus Hecker. Dr. Brinkmann received support through a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Peer ReviewedPrevious research has characterized the important role of aldehyde oxidases (AOX) in biotransformation of N-heterocyclic therapeutic drugs and environmental contaminants in mammals. Research pertaining to AOX activity in non-mammalian vertebrates, however, is scarce, despite its biological role as a potentially important metabolic pathway for xenobiotics. One of the limiting factors of research on AOX is that available photometric methods are relatively insensitive, limited in throughput, and prone to cross-reactivity from other enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel and improved fluorometric AOX assay. This assay is based on the conversion of the exogenous aldehyde substrate 4-(dimethyl)amino cinnamaldehyde to its corresponding fluorescent acid by AOX, and was evaluated using partially purified hepatic cytosol from rat, human, and rainbow trout. Purification of native cytosol by heat treatment and ammonium sulfate precipitation resulted in increased specific activity of AOX. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were comparable to values previously generated by photometric methods. Furthermore, effects of the inhibitor hydralazine on AOX activity revealed half maximal inhibitory concentrations comparable to those generated using conventional methods. Product identity was confirmed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In summary, this study successfully developed a rapid and sensitive assay for determination of AOX activity in across different vertebrate species that is 4- to 10-fold more sensitive compared to conventional absorbance-based methods. It can be applied in environmental, toxicological, and pharmacological studies relating to identification of AOX substrates, as well as the induction of AOX expression through drugs and environmental contaminants

Autonomous capillary systems for life science research and medical diagnostics

In autonomous capillary systems (CS) minute amounts of liquid are transported owing to capillary forces. Such CSs are appealing due to their portability, flexibility, and the exceptional physical behavior of liquids in micrometer sized microchannels, in particular, capillarity and short diffusion times. CSs have shown to be a promising technology for miniaturized immunoassays in life science research and diagnostics. Building on existing experimental demonstrations of immunoassays in CSs, a theoretical model of such immunoassays is implemented, tools and CSs for performing immunoassays are developed, key functional elements of CSs such as capillary pumps and valves are explored experimentally, and a proof-of-concept of the ultimate goal of one-step immunoassays are given in this work. For the theoretical modeling of immunoassays in CSs a finite difference algorithm is applied to delineate the role of the transport of analyte molecules in the microchannel (convection and diffusion), the kinetics of binding between the analyte and the capture antibodies, and the surface density of the capture antibody on the assay. The model shows that assays can be greatly optimized by varying the flow velocity of the solution of analyte in the microchannels. The model also shows how much the analyte-antibody binding constant and the surface density of the capture antibodies influence the performance of the assay. We derive strategies to optimize assays toward maximal sensitivity, minimal sample volume requirement or fast performance. A method using evaporation for controlling the flow rate in CSs was developed for maximum flexibility for developing assays. The method allows to use small CSs that initially are filled by capillary forces and then provide a well defined area of the liquid-air interface from which liquid can evaporate. Temperature and humidity are continuously measured and Peltier-elements are used to adjust the temperatures in multiple areas of the CSs relative to the dew-point. Thereby flow rates in the range from ~1.2 nL s−1 to ~30 pL s−1 could be achieved in the microchannels. This method was then used for screening cells for surface receptors. CSs, that do not need any peripherals for controlling flow rates become even more appealing. We explored the filling behavior of such CSs having microchannels of various length and large capillary pumps. The capillary pumps comprise microstructures of various sizes and shapes, which are spaced to encode certain capillary pressures. The spacing and shape of the microstructures is also used to orient the filling front to obtain a reliable filling behavior and to minimize the risk of entrapping air. We show how two capillary pumps having different hydrodynamic properties can be connected to program a sequence of slow and fast flow rates in CSs. Liquid filling CSs can hardly be stopped, but in some cases it might be beneficial to do so. In a separate chapter we explore how microstructures need to be designed to use capillary forces to stop, time, or trigger liquids. Besides well-defined flow rates in CSs accurately patterned capture antibodies (cAbs) are key for performing high-sensitive surface immunoassays in CSs. We present a method compatible with mass fabrication for patterning cAbs in dense lines of up to 8 lines per millimeter. These cAbs are used with CSs that are optimized for convenient handling, pipetting of solutions, pumping of liquids such as human serum, and visualization of signals for fluorescence immunoassays to detect c-reactive protein (CRP) with a sensitivity of 0.9 ng mL−1 (7.8 pM) from 1 uL of CRP-spiked human serum, within 11 minutes, with 4 pipetting steps, and a total volume of sample and reagents of <1.5 uL. CSs for diagnostic applications have different requirements than CSs that are used as a research tool in life sciences, where a high flexibility and performance primes over the ease of use and portability of the CSs. We give a proof-of-concept for one-step immunoassays based on CSs which we think can be the base for developing portable diagnostics for point-of-care applications. All reagents are preloaded in the CSs. A sample loaded in the CSs redissolves and reconstitutes the detection antibodies (dAbs), analyte-dAb-complexes are formed and detected downstream in the CSs. A user only needs to load a sample and measure the result using a fluorescence microscope or scanner. C-reactive protein was detected in human serum at clinical concentrations within 10 minutes and using only 2 uL of sample