25 research outputs found

    The gravitational wave detector VIRGO

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    The Virgo data acquisition system

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    Search for non-Gaussian events in the data of the VIRGO E4 engineering run

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    SĂ©miologie de l'atteinte bronchique en scanner [Bronchial diseases: CT imaging features].

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    Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is the imaging modality of reference for the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. MDCT may also detect a focal stenosis, a tumor or multiple morphologic abnormalities of the bronchial tree. It may orient the endoscopist towards the abnormal bronchi, and in all cases assess the extent of the bronchial lesions. The CT findings of bronchial abnormalities include anomalies of bronchial division and origin, bronchial stenosis, bronchial wall thickening, lumen dilatation, and mucoid impaction. The main CT features of bronchiectasis are increased bronchoarterial ratio, lack of bronchial tapering, and visibility of peripheral airways. Other bronchial abnormalities include excessive bronchial collapse at expiration, outpouchings and diverticula, dehiscence, fistulas, and calcifications

    Syndrome of pleural and retrosternal "bridging" fibrosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in patients with asbestos exposure

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    International audienceTwo case histories are described of pleural and anterior mediastinal fibrosis presenting as a continuous fibrotic process with thick parietal pleural plaques extending from one pleura to the contralateral pleura through the retrosternal area, and with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Followup over 4 years in one case demonstrated rapid progression of disease, with pleural fibrosis preceding retrosternal and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Histopathological analysis in both cases showed non-tumoral fibrosis with broad fibrous bundles surrounding fibroblasts (and lymphocytes in one case). Possible causes such as infections and exposure to ergot derivatives were excluded. Both patients had been slightly or moderately exposed to asbestos. These cases represent an unusual new presentation of pleural and retrosternal fibrosis extending beyond the anatomical structures and associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis

    Imagerie tomodensitomĂ©trique thoracique aprĂšs exposition Ă  l’amiante

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    International audienceThe complementary examination recommended in France for the follow-up of populations previously exposed to asbestos is the thoracic computed tomography (CT) examination, without injection of contrast product, with millimetric sections. The most frequently observed abnormalities related to this exposure are localized fibrosis of the parietal pleura (or pleural plaques), a benign condition with no therapeutic issue but involving significant medico-social issues in France (in particular recognition as an occupational disease, compensation by the Fund compensation for asbestos victims). In a French study, involving more than 5,000 subjects previously exposed to asbestos, discrepancies in interpretation were reported according to the expertise of the doctor in charge of interpreting the CT scan (substantial percentage of false positives, and even higher frequency of false negatives for pleural plaques when comparing the interpretation of the radiologist who performed the examination and that of a radiologist expert in thoracic imaging). Given the medico-social issues and from a perspective of social equity, it seems important to be very rigorous in the technical methods of carrying out and interpreting the chest CT examinations performed in the follow-up assessments after exposure to asbestos, in particular with a view to medico-social requests. It is recommended that the occupational physician involved in asbestos post-exposure follow-up, and also the physician in charge of examining a case for compensation, request a re-reading by an expert physician based on the tools offered by the Haute AutoritĂ© de santĂ© and updated in 2019.L’examen complĂ©mentaire recommandĂ© en France pour le suivi des populations antĂ©rieurement exposĂ©es Ă  l’amiante est l’examen tomodensitomĂ©trique (TDM) thoracique, sans injection de produit de contraste, avec des coupes millimĂ©triques. Les anomalies les plus frĂ©quemment observĂ©es liĂ©es Ă  cette exposition sont une fibrose localisĂ©e de la plĂšvre pariĂ©tale (ou plaques pleurales), affection bĂ©nigne sans enjeu thĂ©rapeutique mais comportant des enjeux mĂ©dico-sociaux importants en France (notamment reconnaissance en maladie professionnelle, indemnisation par le Fonds d’indemnisation des victimes de l’amiante). Il a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ© dans une Ă©tude française, portant sur plus de 5000 sujets antĂ©rieurement exposĂ©s Ă  l’amiante, des discordances d’interprĂ©tation en fonction de l’expertise du mĂ©decin en charge de l’interprĂ©tation de l’examen TDM (pourcentage substantiel de faux positifs et pourcentage encore plus Ă©levĂ© de faux nĂ©gatifs, pour les plaques pleurales). Compte tenu des enjeux mĂ©dico-sociaux et dans une perspective d’équitĂ© sociale, il apparaĂźt important d’ĂȘtre trĂšs rigoureux dans les modalitĂ©s techniques de rĂ©alisation et d’interprĂ©tation des examens TDM thoraciques rĂ©alisĂ©s dans les bilans de suivi aprĂšs exposition Ă  l’amiante, en particulier en vue de demandes mĂ©dico-sociales. Il est recommandĂ© que le mĂ©decin du travail impliquĂ© dans le suivi post-exposition Ă  l’amiante, comme le mĂ©decin en charge de l’instruction d’un dossier en vue d’indemnisation, sollicite une relecture par un mĂ©decin expert s’appuyant sur les outils proposĂ©s par la Haute AutoritĂ© de santĂ© et mis Ă  jour en 2019

    Syndrome emphysÚme des sommets et fibrose pulmonaire des bases combinés (syndrome emphysÚme/fibrose) : aspects tomodensitométriques et fonctionnels

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    National audiencePurpose. To describe the high resolution CT (HRCT) imaging and functional features of the emphysema/fibrosis syndrome. Patients and methods. A total of 61 patients were included based on HRCT. We have quantified the extent of fibrosis and emphysema lesions and a combined score was calculated. The scores were correlated to pulmonary function test parameters and specific HRCT features were described. Results. The emphysema and fibrosis scores correlated with functional parameters of obstruction and restriction respectively. The combined score correlated with the reduction in DLCO and degree of pulmonary hypertension. Three HRCT patterns were identified : progressive transition (n = 23, 38%) with diffuse emphysema (centrilobular and/or bullous) and zone of transition between bullae and honeycombing ; paraseptal emphysema (n = 13, 21%) with predominent subpleural bullae of enlarging size at the bases ; separate processes (n = 14, 23%) with independent areas of fibrosis and emphysema. Eleven patients (18%) could not be classified. The HRCT imaging features changed based on TLC (p = 0.04) and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.01). Conclusion. The emphysema/fibrosis syndrome may be associated with different patterns on HRCT corresponding to specific profiles on pulmonary function tests.Objectifs. DĂ©crire les aspects tomodensitomĂ©triques en haute rĂ©solution (TDM-HR) et fonctionnels associĂ©s au syndrome emphysĂšme/fibrose. Patients et mĂ©thodes. Soixante et un patients ont Ă©tĂ© inclus sur la base de la TDM-HR. Nous avons quantifiĂ© l’extension des lĂ©sions de fibrose et d’emphysĂšme et nous avons calculĂ© un score combinĂ©. Ces scores ont Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©s aux paramĂštres fonctionnels puis les tableaux TDM-HR spĂ©cifiques de ce syndrome ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crits. RĂ©sultats. Les scores d’emphysĂšme et de fibrose Ă©taient corrĂ©lĂ©s avec les paramĂštres fonctionnels d’obstruction et de restriction, respectivement. Le score combinĂ© Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la rĂ©duction de la DLCO et au niveau d’hypertension pulmonaire. Nous avons identifiĂ© trois tableaux TDM-HR : Transition progressive (n = 23, 38 %) consistant en l’association d’un emphysĂšme diffus (centro-lobulaire et/ou bulleux) et la prĂ©sence d’une zone de transition entre les bulles et le rayon de miel ; EmphysĂšme para-septal (n = 13, 21 %) consistant en des bulles sous pleurales prĂ©dominantes augmentant de taille dans les bases pulmonaires ; EntitĂ©s sĂ©parĂ©es (n = 14, 23 %) oĂč la fibrose et l’emphysĂšme n’avaient pas de relation topographique. Onze patients (18 %) ne pouvaient ĂȘtre classĂ©s. Les prĂ©sentations TDM-HR diffĂ©raient en fonction de la CPT (p = 0,04) et du rapport VEMS/CVF (p = 0,01). Conclusion. Le syndrome emphysĂšme/fibrose peut rĂ©aliser des tableaux TDM-HR distincts qui sont associĂ©s Ă  des profils fonctionnels spĂ©cifiques

    Étude de faisabilitĂ© d’un dĂ©pistage organisĂ© du cancer broncho-pulmonaire chez des sujets exposĂ©s professionnellement Ă  des agents cancĂ©rogĂšnes pulmonaires–LUCSO

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    National audienceDes recommandations de bonne pratique françaises publiĂ©es en 2015 prĂ©conisaient mettre place une expĂ©rimentation sur le dĂ©pistage du cancer broncho-pulmonaire (CBP) chez les sujets exposĂ©s ou ayant Ă©tĂ© professionnellement Ă  des agents cancĂ©rogĂšnes pulmonaires haut risque CBP par tomodensitomĂ©trie (TDM) thoracique basse dose [1]. L’objectif cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer l’organisation d’un TDM dose. Étude interventionnelle risques et contraintes minimes prospective dans deux dĂ©partements: la Gironde Val Marne financĂ©e l’INCa, Direction Risques Professionnels CNAM partenariat avec Centres DĂ©pistage Cancers rĂ©gions. Les critĂšres d’inclusion sont l’association d’une exposition ACP milieu professionnel tabagisme (risque supĂ©rieur celui inclus l’essai nord-amĂ©ricain NLST). L’étude se dĂ©roule plusieurs Ă©tapes: (1) repĂ©rage pour poumon partir invitation participer adressĂ©e tous ĂągĂ©s 65 74 ans DĂ©partementaux cancer
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