Informe herpetología para Ucayali, Perú - puntos base

Hay solo dos estudios formales enfocados en anfibios y reptiles del Valle Alto-Ucayali. Estos estudios tienen implicaciones afuera de solo el estudio de herpetología, tal como indicadores ambientales, áreas protegidas, y el uso sostenible de recursos naturales. A la fecha, el uso de búsquedas generales domina la metodología de herpetología en Ucayali, pero transectos también han sido ingresados. La variación de bosques, entre partes bajíos y el terreno firme, se explica gran parte de las diferencias en diversidad entre sitios, especialmente en los grupos de ranas venenosas (familia Dendrobatidae) y el género Osteocephalus. Un estimación a todas las especies registradas en el Valle Alto-Ucayali llega a solo 114 especies, indicando que un gran diversidad se queda para descubrir.Palabra claves: anfibios, reptiles, herpetología, Ucayali, monitore

Informe herpetología para Ucayali, Perú - puntos base

Solo hay dos estudios formales enfocados en anfibios y reptiles del Valle Alto-Ucayali.Estos estudios tienen implicacias fuera del estudio de herpetología, tal como indicadores ambientales, áreas protegidas, y el uso sostenible de recursos naturales. A la fecha, el uso de búsquedas generales domina la metodología de herpetología en Ucayali, pero transectos también han sido ingresados. La variación de bosques, entre partes bajíos y el terreno firme, explica gran parte de las diferencias en diversidad entre sitios, especialmente en los grupos de ranas venenosas (familia Dendrobatidae) y el género Osteocephalus. Un estimado de las especies registradas en el Valle Alto-Ucayali llega a 114 especies, indicando que una gran diversidad queda para descubrir

Monitoring a population of Cruziohyla craspedopus (Funkhouser, 1957) using an artificial breeding habitat

We report the detection of Cruziohyla craspedopus in Madre de Dios, Peru via use of an artificial breeding habitat: 1) giving us crucial information about the population, 2) contributing to the population by providing habitat, and 3) emphasizing the value of this method in detecting elusive species

Bioacumulación por mercurio en peces y riesgo por ingesta en una comunidad nativa en la amazonia peruana

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that causes damage to the central nervous system, alters human behavior, and has an impact on aquatic biota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation by Hg in fish and the risk for ingestion in an indigenous community (IC) in the Peruvian Amazonia during the dry and rainy season. The community Santa Rosa de Tamaya y Tipishca is located in the lower basin of the Abujao River. The study was carried out with 119 inhabitants grouped into 22 families, with average ages of 9 and 38 years for children and adults, respectively. The fish were collected using mainly trawl nets and were identified following the standard taxonomic morphological procedure. The Hg content in fish muscle was done using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results show that the four most consumed fish species by the NC were Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) "Amazon sailfin catfish" (Loricariidae), Prochilodus nigricans Spix and Agassiz, 1829 " Black prochilodus" (Prochilodontidae), Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) "Spotted Tigerr Shovelnose catfish" (Pimelodidae) and Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein, 1819) " Zamurito" (Pimelodidae). The level of exposure was extremely high and the danger was medium. The maximum allowable dose of methylmercury (MeHg) per week according to WHO is 1.6 μg MeHg/kg/week. This limit was exceeded by C. macropterus for NC children. It is concluded that the health risk of the population of the CN of the Peruvian Amazon by MeHg is high.  El mercurio (Hg) es un metal pesado tóxico que provoca daños en el sistema nervioso central, altera el comportamiento humano y provoca impacto en la biota acuática. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la bioacumulación por Hg en peces y el riesgo por ingesta en una Comunidad Nativa (CN) en la amazonia peruana durante la estación seca y lluviosa. La CN Santa Rosa de Tamaya y Tipishca se encuentra en la cuenca baja del río Abujao. El estudio se realizó con 119 habitantes agrupados en 22 familias, con edades promedio de 9 y 38 años para niños y adultos, respectivamente. Los peces fueron colectados empleando principalmente redes de arrastre y fueron identificados siguiendo el procedimiento morfológico taxonómico estándar. El contenido de Hg en músculo de los peces se hizo mediante espectrometría de fluorescencia atómica. Los resultados muestran que las cuatro especies de mayor consumo por la CN fueron Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) “Carachama” (Loricariidae), Prochilodus nigricans Spix y Agassiz, 1829 “Boquichico” (Prochilodontidae), Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) “Doncella” (Pimelodidae), y Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein, 1819) “Mota” (Pimelodidae). El nivel de exposición fue extremadamente alto y la peligrosidad fue media. La dosis máxima de consumo permisible por semana de metilmercurio (MeHg) según la OMS es de 1.6 μg MeHg/kg/semana. Este límite fue superado por C. macropterus para niños de la CN. Se concluye que el riesgo a la salud del poblador de la CN de la Amazonía peruana por el MeHg es alto

Relationships between Organic Matter and Bulk Density in Amazonian Peatland Soils

The carbon pool of Amazonian peatlands is immense and mediates critical ecological functions. As peatlands are dynamic, similar to other wetland systems, modeling of the relationship between organic matter and dry bulk density allows the estimation of the accumulation and/or decomposition of peats. We tested several models: the generalized linear mixed logarithmic, to test depth, and the non-linear logarithmic and power-law models. There is a negative power-law relationship between organic percentage and dry bulk density using peat samples collected in Amazonian peatlands (n = 80). This model is supported by the coefficient of determination (R2) estimates garnered from model fitting, while Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values further support parsimonious models. We also ran trials of the ideal mixing model with two parameters: k1 representing organic density and k2 representing mineral. The mixture of organic and inorganic components generally falls in accordance with the theory that decreasing k1 trends with increasing k2, although k2 values for these peat samples are negative. The organic k1 coefficient allows us to identify two sites out of the nine investigated, which can be prioritized for their carbon dynamics. The presence of high-density samples, which were not related to depth, indicates clay intrusion in these peatlands. We hope the modeling can explain processes significant to these globally important carbon-rich ecosystems

Initial assessment of the peatlands of the upper-Ucayali Valley, Central Peruvian Amazon: Basic analysis of geographic products & predictors

We present an assessment of the tropical peatlands in the upper-Ucayali Valley in central Peru—an Amazonian region that has been largely ignored in ecological and wetlands research. We focused on groundtruthing and identifying the strongest landscape-level predictors of peat depth. The 2015 product from the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) appears to be a sufficient proxy, primarily due to its inclusion of the aguajal category, identified as bosque inundable de palmeras (Bi-pal) or palm swamp, which are typically associated with Amazonian peatlands. Aberrations in the MINAM product are also present in attempted updates addressing aguajales, wetlands, and conservation threats, regardless of the varied geographic methodologies employed by previous studies. Our analysis of the CIFOR Global Wetlands Map lends credence to these methodologies, although our results are inconsistent with the depth predictions contained within the product. The predictive strength of factors contained with the MIANM classification is explored, most notably contact segments indicative of transitions from high-terrace terra firma forests (bosque de terraza alta) directly to low-lying inundated and wetland zones. The potential of factors related to elevation (slope, rise, steepness) is likewise questioned based on their performance in multiple linear regression analyses. Future studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the hydrogeologic settings and associated geochemical attributes of palm swamps and peatlands in The Amazon

Herpetological records from the Abujao basin, central Peruvian Amazon

The effort to uncover herpetofauna within the zone of influence of the Sierra del Divisor National Park has been focused on the northern reaches. The Abujao basin represents the Sierra del Divisor region well in an understudied area central to the Peruvian Amazon. We found 108 species of amphibians and squamate reptiles. Seven records extend ranges from the northern regions, while two records unite with southern regions (Madre De Dios and the Fitzcarrald Arc/Purus valley). There are higher levels of diversity attributable to land-cover units indicative of high terraces and hilly zones, as opposed to low hydromorphic habitats. Our new record for Pristimantis iiap Padial, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Chaparro & Gutiérrez, 2016 brings more resolution to this newly described species. We made observations of an unidentified species of blindsnake, which could represent a unique part of the fauna. Despite variations, we only uphold the presence of various subspecies of Micrurus annellatus Peters, 1871