Plaque d’hydrogel chargée de cellules autologues pour la prévention des adhérences postopératoires abdominales

Introduction: Postoperative abdominal adhesions are a major complication leading to medical and economical problems. Replace injured peritoneum, which is composed of a monolayer of mesothelial cells (MC), using cell-therapy or cell-laden scaffold are two promising strategies to prevent adhesions. MC as functional and differentiated cells are crucial. However, adipose stem cells (ASCs) could replace MCs thanks to their potential of differentiation. Furthermore, hydrogel polymers are attractive scaffolds mimicking the properties of the native ECM. So, milestones of our project of regenerative medicine are comparison of cell-laden scaffolds and cell-therapy, choice of cell source and biomaterial, and finally transplantation of the cell-laden hydrogel scaffold, in a pre-established rat model of adhesion.Materiel and Method: Firstly, models of adhesion were compared usingdifferent peritoneal injuries. Then, MCs and ASCs were compared for isolation, culture, characterization, and differentiation. Nextly, cell-therapy using MC intra peritoneal injection (IP) or cell-sheet technology was compared with tissue-therapy using peritoneal grafts through a proof of concept study. BD-Purastat® hydrogel was tested in collaboration with 3D Matrix firm. Cell-laden hydrogel gels were implanted and assessed on adhesion prevention.Results: Two animal models of adhesion were validated and both techniques were effective and clinically relevant. MCs and ASCs were isolated from respectively tunica vaginalis and subcutaneous inguinal fat pad. MCs, with typical cobble-stone morphology and bright edges, were positively stained for vimentin and cytokeratin. Senescence arrived after only three passages for these adult well-differentiated cells. Spindle-shaped ASCs had a good capacity of expansion, were able to differentiate in osteocytes and adipocytes, and to form colonies as expected for stem cells. Autologuous peritoneal grafts prevented postoperative abdominal adhesions in the rat model. As the mechanism of this prevention, the MC survived and contributed to reperitonealization, only when they were transplanted as a part of the autologous peritoneal grafts and were located on the surface exposed to the abdomen. Cell sheet technology and MCs IP injection failed in the adhesion prevention. BD-Purastat® presented good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Alone, it reduced significantly adhesion extent. But, cell encapsulation into BD-Purastat® did not improve this prevention.Conclusion and perspectives: Our study supported that MCs and scaffold are both needed to succeed in peritoneum’s engineering to prevent adhesion. ASCs differentiation into MCs phenotype has still to be shown. BD- Purastat® decreases adhesion extent and behavior of the cell into this scaffold needs to be studied to improve the effectiveness of the cell-laden hydrogel application.Introduction :Les adhérences abdominales post-opératoires représentent les complications les plus fréquentes de la chirurgie abdominale et sont un enjeu de santé publique– douleurs abdominales chroniques, occlusions intestinales et infertilité féminine- et coût de prise en charge. Elles se développent après une mauvaise cicatrisation du péritoine –séreuse composée d’une monocouche de cellules mesothéliales. Leur prévention pourrait passer par des techniques de thérapie cellulaire ou tissulaire, visant à fabriquer un « néo »peritoine alliant des cellules du patient à une « scaffold » ou « échaffaudage ». Les cellules mesothéliales, différenciées, fonctionnelles sont indispensables, mais en nombre limité, potentiellement malades et leur prélèvement invasif. Elles pourraient être remplacées par des cellules souches adipocytaires qui ont un potentiel de différenciation. D’autre part, les polymères d’hydrogels comme biomatériau pour notre substitut sont attractifs par leur tolérance et leurs propriétés de ressemblance à la matrice extra cellulaire native.Les étapes majeures de notre projet de médecine régénérative sont de comparer la thérapie cellulaire à la thérapie tissulaire utilisant une « scaffold », de comparer les deux cellules sources potentielles, d’étudier les qualités de l’hydrogel BD-Purastat® et enfin de transplanter notre substitut cellularisé dans un modèle préétabli d'adhérences chez le rat.Matériel et méthode :La première étape validait le modèle animal d’adhérences post opératoires comparant plusieurs dommages péritonéaux. Puis les cellules étaient comparées en terme d'isolement, de culture, de caractérisation et de différenciation. Une étude de preuve de concept était réalisée afin de comparer les techniques de thérapie cellulaire aux techniques de thérapie tissulaire avec la greffe de péritoine lui-même. Ensuite, BD-Purastat® était testé grâce à une collaboration avec le laboratoire 3D Matrix. Enfin l’implantation in vivo d’une plaque d’hydrogel chargée de cellules autologues était évaluée sur le modèle de rat mis au point.Résultats :Deux modèles d'adhérences post-opératoires étaient validés chez le rat. Les deux techniques étaient efficaces et pertinentes pour l'application clinique. Les cellules mésothéliales présentaient un aspect typique polygonal avec des bords brillants et exprimaient les marqueurs intra-cellulaires de la vimentine et des cytokeratines. Elles présentaient une sénescence précoce comme attendu pour des cellules adultes bien différenciées. Les cellules souches adipocytaires étaient allongées et fines, stellaires, avec une bonne capacité d'expansion, se différenciaient en ostéocytes et en adipocyte et formaient des colonies comme attendu pour des cellules souches. L'étude de preuve de concept a permis de montrer que les cellules mésothéliales contribuaient à la repéritonéalisation seulement si elles étaient bien orientées et transplantées au sein d’un tissu. Ainsi, l’ajout d'une « scaffold » était crucial. Concernant le choix des biomatériaux, BD-Purastat® présentait de bonnes propriétés mécaniques, de biocompatibilité et implanté seul permettait déjà une réduction des adhérences postopératoires. L'implantation du substitut cellularisé n'avait pas permis d’améliorer les résultats obtenus avec le gel seul.Conclusion et perspectives :Notre étude permettait de montrer que des cellules mésothéliales au sein d'une « scaffold » étaient la clé du succès de la repéritonéalisation pour la prévention des adhérences postopératoires en charge abdominale. La différenciation des cellules souches adipocytaires vers le phénotype mésothélial avait encore besoin d'être prouvée. BD-Purastat® diminuait l’étendue des adhérence postopératoires. Le comportement des cellules dans cette « scaffold » nécessitait d'être étudié pour pouvoir obtenir l'efficacité clinique du substitut péritonéal de cellules autologues et d'hydrogel

Les paradoxes du recours aux aidants familiaux. L’exemple des politiques de soutien à domicile dans le champ du handicap en France et au Québec

The paradoxes of using family carers. The example of home care policies with regard to disability in France and Quebec. Using family carers is a topical matter due to ageing populations and questions, in a wider sense, the dynamic of assistance for people in public policies, including the disabled. Based on research recently conducted in France and Quebec with regard to “ non-residential” policies, this article proposes a comparative reading of responses to the challenges that use of carers brings in terms of institutional arrangements and sharing roles with regard to the disabled. Five paradoxes have been identified, putting the reciprocal accusations of “ disinvestment” into perspective. Public institutions and social or medical services cannot fully replace carers with their own modi operandi (affectivity, intimacy, proximity) and the State needs to take into account the realities of contemporary families (public solidarity, respite, aspirations).Question d’actualité en raison du vieillissement des populations, le recours aux aidants familiaux interroge plus largement la dynamique d’accompagnement des personnes dans les politiques publiques, y compris des personnes handicapées. S’appuyant sur des recherches récentes menées en France et au Québec sur les politiques « hors les murs » , cet article propose un regard croisé sur les réponses aux défis que le recours aux aidants entraîne en termes d’arrangements institutionnels et de partage des rôles dans le champ du handicap. Cinq paradoxes sont soulevés, qui conduisent à relativiser les accusations réciproques de « désengagement » . L’institution publique et les services sociaux ou médicaux ne peuvent remplacer complètement l’aidant qui a ses propres fonctionnements (affectivité, intimité, proximité), et l’État doit tenir compte des réalités des familles contemporaines (solidarité publique, répit, aspirations).Bresson Maryse, Dumais Lucie. Les paradoxes du recours aux aidants familiaux. L’exemple des politiques de soutien à domicile dans le champ du handicap en France et au Québec. In: Revue des politiques sociales et familiales, n°124, 2017. Dossier « Politiques sociales et familles : perspectives internationales ». pp. 43-52

Evaluation d'une formation de proximité à la mesure de la clarté nucale et à l'autoévaluation des clichés

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

La confiance dans l'aide à domicile : une réponse à la vulnérabilité des aînés ?

International audienc

Fluorescence-assisted sentinel (SND) and pelvic node dissections by single-port transvaginal laparoscopic surgery, for the management of an endometrial carcinoma (EC) in an elderly obese patient

International audienceObjective: To explore the feasibility of an oncologically acceptable management for an intermediate-risk endometrial cancer (EC) in an elderly, using the combination of transvaginal single-port laparoscopy and sentinel node policy.Methods: For this 85-years old patient, BMI 32kg/m2, with IB grade 2 endometrioid EC, a single vaginal approach was attempted [1] to perform a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpinago-oophorectomy and pelvic node assessment guided by SND [2]. Injections of indocyanine green (ICG) were performed at 3 and 9 o'clock and 2 depths [3] into the uterine cervix A simple vaginal hysterectomy was first performed using a 5mm vessel sealer (LigaSure®-Medtronics) to limit ICG leakage. As poorly accessible, adnexas were divided close to cornuas; uterine corpus was delivered vaginally. Then, a single port device (Gelpoint®-Applied), equipped with 3 trocars for optique and instruments, was installed through vagina. After transvaginal pneumoperitoneum insufflation, bowel loops were cleared from the pelvis. Latero-pelvic peritoneum was incised between external iliac pedicles and ureters. Following the algorithm, node dissection was limited to sentinel node clearly identified on the right side under color-segmented fluorescence (Pinpoint®-Novadaq), but a full pelvic dissection completed an unsatisfactory SND on the left side. Procedure was terminated with salpingo-oophorectomies. After protected vaginal specimen delivery, the single-port device was removed and vagina was closed as usual.Results: Patient was discharged on the 1st post-operative day. Final pathology confirmed the FIGO stageIB grade2 EC.Conclusions: A transvaginal laparoscopic pelvic SND after vaginal hysterectomy is feasible. This single-port "NOTES" strategy bridges the previous gaps of a pure vaginal approach and seems interesting in fragile EC patients

Boari flap ureteroneocystostomy in an oncological patient

International audienceObjective: Demonstration of surgical steps of a Boari Flap ureteroneocystostomy in an oncological context.Methods: Clinical case of a 66-year-old woman diagnosed with a left-pelvic recurrence of a high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, involving the left ureter. After transection of 5cm of ureteral length, up to the level of the bifurcation of common iliac vessels, it was decided to perform a Boari Flap for ureteral reimplantation.Results: Through the tubularization of a bladder flap, the extension of the ureter to the bladder is possible. After mobilization and psoas fixation, the bladder is opened on its anterior surface, in a rhomboid incision, and a full thickness bladder flap is extended cranially and tubularized for anastomosis of the proximal ureteral segment. The ureter is reimplanted after creation of an anti-reflux system with a submucosal tunnel between the mucosa and the detrusor. To finish the procedure, the bladder is closed in two layers with a running monofilament absorbable suture.Conclusions: Boari Flap ureteroneocystostomy is an uncommon urinary reconstruction, useful to correct distal ureteric defects caused by traumatic, oncological or iatrogenic injuries [1]. The success rate of ureteral reimplantation can be higher than 85% [2]. This technique is suitable for anastomosis of lumbar ureteral segments, allowing the better correction of higher and more extensive defects than the Psoas-Hitch technique. The flap length should compensate the ureteric defect and enable a tension free anastomosis

Minimally Invasive Surgical Management of Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: An Analysis of the Risk Factors of Surgical Complications and of Oncologic Outcomes

International audienc

Single-port or Classic Laparoscopy Compared With Laparotomy to Assess the Peritoneal Cancer Index in Primary Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

International audienceA thorough laparoscopic assessment of the abdominopelvic cavity is a crucial step in the workup of primary advanced epithelial ovarian cancer to decide whether up-front cytoreductive surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the best option for adequate management. The purpose of our study was to compare single-port laparoscopy (SPL), classic laparoscopy (CL), and laparotomy using the peritoneal cancer index (PCI). Patients treated for Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique stage 3 or 4 epithelial ovarian cancer were included in our study when they underwent a PCI evaluation by laparoscopy followed by laparotomy for cytoreduction. According to the technique used for the "noninvasive" procedure (SPL vs CL), 2 groups were compared retrospectively. The individual records of all patients were reviewed and analyzed. From 2011 to 2014, 21 patients were assessed for PCI by SPL plus laparotomy versus 21 by CL plus laparotomy. The clinicopathological features were similar in both groups (not significant [NS]), except for performance status >0, which was more frequent in the SPL group (39% vs 6%, p = .04). Quotation of PCI was possible for all patients. Nonbrowsing areas marked 3 procedures in the SPL group and 2 procedures in the CL group (NS). The mean PCI score and the score of each region assessed by SPL and CL were comparable with the evaluation by laparotomy (NS). Completeness of cytoreduction was achieved in 78% of cases in both groups (NS). SPL and widely mini-invasive procedures seem to be effective tools compared with laparotomy to adequately assess the resectability of a peritoneal carcinomatosis usin

Morbidity of Staging Inframesenteric Paraaortic Lymphadenectomy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Compared With Infrarenal Lymphadenectomy

International audienceObjective: Extended-field chemoradiation is typically used for the management of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Given the low rate of skipped metastases above the inferior mesenteric artery, ilioinframesenteric dissection seems to be an acceptable pattern of paraaortic lymph node dissection (LND). Our objective is to compare the surgical morbidity of inframesenteric LND (IM-LND) with infrarenal LND (IR-LND).Methods: In our center, all of the patients with locally advanced cervical cancer and negative magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging at the paraaortic level were offered laparoscopic staging including a diagnostic laparoscopy followed, if negative, by an extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy. From January 2011 to September 2015, we included patients who had paraaortic LND from both common iliac bifurcations and divided them into 2 groups according to dissection pattern: to the inferior mesenteric artery (IM-LND) level or to the left renal vein (IR-LND) level. The perioperative and postoperative data were retrospectively recorded.Results: A total of 119 women were included in our study: 56 in the IM-LND group and 63 in the IR-LND group. There was no difference in the patients' characteristics between groups. Regarding the surgical procedure, the operating time was shorter in the IM-LND group than the IR-LND group, 174 ± 50 minutes versus 209 ± 61 minutes (P = 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference in intra- and postoperative complications, overall survival, or progression-free survival.Conclusions: In our series, exclusive IM-LND surgery is faster than IR-LND and results in similar morbidity and survival rates. These results confirm the feasibility and the applicability of IM-LND to simplify the surgical procedure without impacting survival. More patients should be included in the study to demonstrate the lower rate of morbidity

Does regular blood transfusion prevent progression of cerebrovascular lesions in children with sickle cell disease?

International audienceA retrospective study was conducted to assess changes in cerebrovascular lesions, as assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and angiography in 18 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) receiving optimised chronic transfusions for primary stroke prevention (abnormal transcranial Doppler flow, nine patients, median follow-up 14.3 months (range, 7.9–48.9)) or secondary stroke prevention (nine patients, median follow-up 59.6 months (range, 11.0–127.9)). An experienced neuroradiologist blinded to patient data reviewed the 41 MR scans (median/patient, three (2–4)). Standard scores were used to evaluate parenchymal and vascular abnormalities at baseline and last follow-up. Within-patient score changes evaluated using Wilcoxon's paired rank test indicated lesion progression in the secondary-prevention group ( = 0.027). Optimised transfusion therapy does not prevent progression of cerebral vasculopathy in SCD children with a history of stroke