LDEF archival system plan

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) has provided the first significant opportunity to extensively study the space environment and its effects upon spacecraft systems and materials. The long-term value of the data obtained from LDEF, which is applicable to a wide range of areas including space environment definition, space environmental effects, and spacecraft design, will depend upon the system developed to archive and retrieve the data. Therefore, in addition to the large effort undertaken to analyze LDEF data, a substantial effort is also necessary in order to retain and disseminate LDEF resources for future research and design. W. J. Schafer Associates, Inc., has a task subcontract to develop the LDEF archival system. The LDEF resources include data, hardware, photographic records, and publications which cover the 20-year history of LDEF from concept design through data analysis. Chronologically, prelaunch resources include documentation of facility and experiment development, testing integration, and operation. Post-retrieval resources are the observations, testing, analysis, and publications since the January 1990 retrieval of LDEF. A third set of resources is the experiment and facility hardware and specimens, including more than 10,000 test specimens flown on LDEF and subsequently divided and distributed among investigators at numerous laboratories. Many valuable science and technology investigations were undertaken with LDEF experiments and hardware, and many more investigations are being identified in areas not yet explored. LDEF data applications encompass primarily low-Earth orbit spacecraft and structures. The nearly six-year space exposure of LDEF has provided data to evaluate materials, systems, and living specimens exposed to radiation, meteoroids, debris, and other constituents of the low-Earth environment. Structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal systems were studied, and materials with applications in all aspects of space systems were exposed to the space environment. The objectives of the LDEF archival system are to maintain the existing LDEF hardware, data, analysis, publications, and photographs as a long term resource, and to provide a quick and simple mechanism by which LDEF resources can be identified, located, and applied

Gender relations within a changing spatial division of labour

Recent industrial location theory argues non-labour factors affecting changes in the spatial division of labour are of diminishing importance since their spatial components are becoming relatively homogeneous. Emphasis upon labour, however, equally tends to view it as fairly homogeneous - spatially differentiated only in terms of skills (taken as given), cost, militancy etc derived from local variation in workforce reproduction; itself influenced by local industrial history. Interest in unique local forms of labour often ignores a major division within labour - gender. It is argued that the social construction of gender and gender relations, like labour, are reproduced in place and thus spatially and temporally differentiated. A comparison of women's current and historical structural position in the labour force reveals very little structural change over time, despite economic restructuring and the less spatially uneven pattern of women's paid work. Against this scenario, mainstream economic and sociological explanations for sex segregation are subjected to critiques that expose the way labour market theories take sex discrimination in paid work and gender for granted. Whilst feminists have shifted the problematic to the causes rather than effects of sex discrimination and segregation, those accounts rarely incorporate historical and/or spatial dimensions. Equally, geographers rarely encompass feminist perspectives in the analysis of socio-spatial processes. A framework is developed to synthesize these spatial and feminist perspectives so that spatial and temporal dimensions of the social construction of gender and gender relations within production relations can be embraced. Storper & Walker's notion of labour, created and reproduced in place, is placed within Young's conception of a 'gender division of labour' which, under capitalism, is the division of work and home, production and reproduction. To illustrate variations over time and space, snapshots of two regions, the Cotton region of Lancashire and the Potteries of N. Staffordshire are analysed at two distant points in time: during industrialisation and, through case studies of industries, for the contemporary period of economic restructuring. Whilst the domestic side of the division between home and work is integral to the notion of a 'gender division of labour', the focus here is upon the spatial division of paid labour and the intra-workforce side of that equation. Further, within production, the case studies are drawn from manufacturing activities because it is these, rather than more spatially homogeneous service employment, which still differentiate between places. A four-way comparison along the axes of space and time demonstrates that gender construction and relations do vary within and across regions. The two study regions throw up a bewildering amalgam of attributes, whose content and gender ascription varies over time and space. These observed dynamic features is, however, the surface phenomena - the effects rather than causes. More important is the way these variations arise out of spatial variations in the pattern and mix of industries within regions and the corresponding sexual composition of the workforces that comprise these industries

Educators\u27 views of implementing direct instruction curricula: Connections to students with disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the process of the first year of implementation of Direct Instruction curricula as seen through the eyes of the educators implementing it. The study also attempted to determine if general educators\u27 knowledge and use of Direct Instruction techniques while implementing a published curriculum would translate into more effective practices toward students with disabilities in the general education classroom. Seventeen teachers at a small rural elementary school were studied as they implemented Direct Instruction curricula for the first time. The teachers used the Reading Mastery, Corrective Reading and Language for Learning programs published by SRA. Data collection consisted of interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and journaling. Qualitative methods were used for data collection and analysis. The Attitude toward Inclusive Education Scale and the Teacher Efficacy Scale were also used to corroborate the findings. The study found that teachers had overall negative attitudes toward Direct Instruction for the following reasons: Direct Instruction stifled teachers professionally, teachers were not fully informed about Direct Instruction before implementation began, scheduling of Direct Instruction was disruptive, Direct Instruction was inappropriate for use with certain students, and teachers felt devalued as professionals. The first year of implementation of these language arts programs was troubled by logistical problems and lack of clear demonstration of student achievement gains. Overall, teachers showed no changes in efficacy beliefs or attitude toward inclusive education. It was concluded that the reform of implementing Direct Instruction to improve reading achievement test scores clashed with other previous and on-going reforms: Whole Language and teacher empowerment through Site Based Management. Further, it was judged to be unfortunate that the requirement that Direct Instruction take place in relatively small homogeneous groups based on placement tests resulted in students with disabilities being taught in less inclusive settings than usual

Exploration of mind mapping as an organizational change tool

Mind mapping is a communication tool that has been around for decades though it is rarely discussed as a tool for facilitating organizational change. It is possible for this underutilized communication tool and the ever-present challenge of organizational change to work in harmony on a more consistent basis. This exploratory research asked Change Leaders and Change Participants about their current mind mapping usage or experience, and requested their input on the use of mind mapping for organizational change efforts. There were 76 Change Leaders and 11 others who self-described themselves as Change Participants who responded to a virtual data collection process. Overall change readiness levels were predominantly at the moderate level, 37% of Change Leaders and 45% of Change Participants, an encouraging statistic for organizations considering change. Respondents reported that mind mapping is mostly used as a personal tool for organization, planning events, setting goals, and writing papers. Change Leaders (n=20) who reported using mind mapping professionally, commented they used it primarily for communication and collaboration, and project and systems planning and design. Specific practices included coaching, clarifying objectives, evaluating and monitoring projects, assessing lessons learned, redesigning curriculum, realigning resources, setting expectations, objectives and goals, and establishing timelines. One study conclusion was that these change practitioners understood how change is inevitable, and indicated their willingness to actively participate. This makes it important for organizations to capitalize on change participants’ knowledge and enthusiasm to enable successful change and enhance employee well-being. Concluding that attitudes, behaviors, and feelings toward change vary based on the role one plays, Change Leaders can benefit from the efforts of Change Participants by simply respecting their role and knowledge and involving them in the entire process, from planning to implementation. It is a foregone conclusion that communication is essential for any change process regardless of what specific tool is used, but the importance of selecting an appropriate method(s) based on the situation, message, and the recipients is critical. Using mind mapping as a change management tool specifically designed for certain aspects of organizational change is highly recommended, as it allows for both linear and non-linear communicatio

Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Archive System

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Archive System is designed to provide spacecraft designers and space environment researchers single point access to all available resources from LDEF. These include data, micrographs, photographs, technical reports, papers, hardware and test specimens, as well as technical expertise. Further, the LDEF Archive System is planned such that it could be the foundation for a NASA Space Environments and Effects (SEE) Archive System, with the addition of other spaceflight, laboratory and theoretical space environments and effects data and associated materials. This paper describes the current status and plans of the LDEF Archive System

Magnetic Fields in Star-Forming Molecular Clouds I. The First Polarimetry of OMC-3 in Orion A

The first polarimetric images of the OMC-3 region of the Orion A filamentary molecular cloud are presented. Using the JCMT, we have detected polarized thermal emission at 850 microns from dust along a 6' length of the dense filament. The polarization pattern is highly ordered and is aligned with the filament throughout most of the region. The plane-of-sky magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the measured polarization. The mean percentage polarization is 4.2% with a 1 sigma dispersion of 1%. This region is part of the integral-shaped filament, and active star formation is ongoing along its length. The protostellar outflow directions do not appear to be consistently correlated with the direction of the plane-of-sky field or the filament structure itself. Depolarization toward the filament center, previously detected in many other star-forming cores and protostars, is also evident in our data. (abstract abridged)Comment: 9 pages plus 2 figures (1 colour); accepted for publication in the March 10, 2000 issue (vol. 531 #2) of The Astrophysical Journa

The genera Carpias Richardson, Ianiropsis Sars and Janaira Moreira & Pires (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiridae) from Australia, with description of three new species

Three new species of janirid isopods are described: Carpias montaguensis sp. nov., Ianiropsis alanmillari sp. nov. and Janaira platyoura sp. nov.; all three were collected in shallow waters of southern New South Wales, Australia. Our report represents new records for these genera in Australian waters. Janaira platyoura sp. nov. is the second species added to this genus, so a revision of generic diagnosis was required. The diagnostic features of Carpias and Ianiropsis are also discussed and a new combination for the species Ianiropsis varians Winkler & Brandt, 1993 is proposed. Keys to the species of Carpias and Ianiropsis are presented.Fil: Doti, Brenda Lía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Wilson, George D. F.. Australian Museum; Australi