Influencia de los comportamientos agresivos en la convivencia escolar de los estudiantes del grado de transición y primero en Consejo Comunitario Cocomasur, Escuela Rural Tibirre en el municipio de Acandí Chocó

Reconocer la influencia de los comportamientos agresivos en la convivencia escolar de los estudiantes del grado de transición y primero en consejo comunitario cocomasur, escuela rural tibirre en el municipio de Acandi Chocó.Los comportamientos agresivos son una problemática qué a afectados de manera repetitiva a los estudiantes en diferentes instituciones educativas, a nivel mundial, por medio de ellos los estudiantes bajan el nivel de aprendizaje, afectando con ello su desarrollo cognitivo por medio de tantos hábitos extraños y palabras inadecuadas el niño cambia su forma de ser y de pensar, en dónde demuestra desinterés por la formación académica enfocándose en comportamientos inadecuados que no fomentan la disciplina dentro del aula y su entorno. El objetivo principal de esta investigación, fue identificar cómo influyen los comportamientos agresivos en la convivencia escolar, con la intención de buscar posibles soluciones mediante la observación directa en el aula, y la interacción con los padres de familia, con el fin de mitigar dicha problemática causando un impacto positivo en todos los involucrados en la investigación. Es necesario que los estudiantes de transición y primero inicien formaciones basada en principios de su personalidad como ser sociable, la responsabilidad debe estar asumida por los padres y el refuerzo lo debe hacer el docente de la institución. De la misma forma, este proyecto de investigación se enfoca en los comportamientos agresivos, problemática importante para brindar soluciones estratégicas, es con esta investigación se obtuvieron resultados que ameritan una intervención pronta que permita solucionar aquellos comportamientos negativos que presentan algunos niños tales como; agresiones físicas, desinterés por las clases, y falta de acompañamiento por parte de los padres de familia.Institutions, worldwide, through them, students lower the level of learning, thereby affecting their cognitive development by Through so many strange habits and inappropriate words, the child changes his way of being and thinking, where he shows disinterest in academic training by focusing on inappropriate behaviors that do not promote discipline within the classroom and its environment. Coexistence, with the intention of looking for possible solutions through direct observation in the classroom, and interaction with parents, in order to mitigate said problem causing a positive impact on everyone involved in the investigation. It is necessary for transitional students to start training based on the principles of their personality such as being sociable, the responsibility must be assumed by the parents and the reinforcement must be done by the teacher of the institution. important problem to provide strategic solutions, it is with this research results that warrant a prompt intervention that allows solving those negative behaviors that some children present such as; physical aggressions, lack of interest in classes, and lack of support from parent

Biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(L-γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles conjugated to folic acid for targeted delivery of doxorubicin

A novel targeted drug delivery nanoparticle system based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) for delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) was developed. DOX-PLGA NPs were obtained by the emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. Then, their surface was modified with poly(L-γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) and finally conjugated to modified folic acid (FA) as a targeting ligand. The surface modification and FA conjugation were followed by UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopies. Morphology was observed by TEM/SEM. Particle size, PDI and zeta potential were measured using DLS studies. Encapsulation and loading efficiencies, and DOX release kinetics were determined. Specific uptake and cell viability of DOX-PLGA/γ-PGA-FA NPs were tested in HeLa cells. Quasi-spherical nanoparticleswith a particle size lower than 600nm(DLS)were obtained. Spectroscopic techniques demonstrated the successful surface modification with γ-PGA and FA conjugation. Release profile of DOX-PLGA/γ-PGA-FA NPs showed a release of 55.4 ± 0.6% after seven days, in an acidic environment. HeLa cells exhibited a decrease in viability when treated with DOX-PLGA/γ-PGA-AF NPs, and cellular uptake was attributed to FA receptor-mediated endocytosis. These results suggest that DOX-PLGA/γ-PGA-FA NPs are a potential targeted drug carrier for further applications in cancer therapy.This study was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (CRP-F22064, Contract No. 18358) and the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, through the project No. 3543/2013CHT

Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-DN(PTX)-BN for Selective and Concomitant Radio and Drug—Therapeutic E ect on Breast Cancer Cells

The peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a successful approach for selectively delivering radiation within tumor sites through specific recognition of radiolabeled peptides by overexpressed receptors on cancer cell surfaces. The e cacy of PRRT could be improved by using polymeric radio- and drug- therapy nanoparticles for a concomitant therapeutic e ect on malignant cells. This research aimed to prepare and evaluate, a novel drug and radiation delivery nanosystem based on the 177Lu-labeled polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (DN) loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and functionalized on the surface with the Lys1Lys3(DOTA)-bombesin (BN) peptide for specific targeting to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPr) overexpressed on breast cancer cells. DN was first conjugated covalently to BN and DOTA (chemical moiety for lutetium-177 complexing) and subsequently loaded with PTX. The characterization by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, in-vitro drug delivery tests as well as in in-vitro and in-vivo cellular uptake of 177Lu-DOTA-DN(PTX)-BN by T47D breast cancer cells (GRPr-positive), indicated the formation of an improved delivery nanosystem with target-specific recognition by GRPr. Results of the 177Lu-DOTA-DN(PTX)-BN e ect on T47D cell viability (1.3%, compared with 10.9% of 177Lu-DOTA-DN-BN and 14.0% of DOTA-DN-(PTX)-BN) demonstrated the concomitant radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic properties of the polymeric nanosystem as a potential agent for the treatment of GRPr-positive tumors.This study was supported by the grant CONACyT-CB-A1S38087 and the International Atomic Energy Agency (CRP-F2264). It was performed as part of the activities of the “Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos, CONACyT”

Morphostructural Characterization of Rice Grain (Oryza sativa L.) Variety Morelos A-98 during Filling Stages

The morphostructure of grain rice Morelos A-98 was characterized in five stages of physiological maturation, in order to generate morphometric information during the filling process. Micrographic images from optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a digital capture system were used. Images were digitally processed to measure different descriptors such as shape, fractal dimension, and surface texture. Results showed that, two weeks after anthesis, an accelerated grain filling was observed, particularly on those grains positioned in the distal panicle zone, compared to those located in the base of this one. As deposition of assimilates in the grain increased, the area and perimeter of the transversal cut of the grains also increased (P ≤ 0.05); meanwhile, the rounded shape factor tended to increase as well (P ≤ 0.05), while the elliptic shape factor decreased. As the dehydrated endosperm passed from “milky” to “doughy” stages, values of fractal dimension area and endosperm perimeter as well as surface texture values showed that grain borders tended to become smoother and that there was a greater structured endosperm area (P ≤ 0.05)

Caracterización morfométrica de estructuras florales de Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) utilizando análisis digital de imágenes y dimensión fractal

Tagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. flowers have ornamental uses in Mexico, but also some industries used in the coloringof meat. The genus Tagetes presents species and varieties with different colors and shades in their flowers. Therefore a rapid andobjective form of distinction of these varieties would be useful for the industry. In this research was developed a method to distinguishand characterize the diversity in two varieties of the T. erecta and T. patula through the characterization of the floral structures,using techniques of digital image analysis and fractal analysis. Images of ligules and flower heads were captured and binarizedto produce images of separate objects (ligules and flower heads). The analysis of these images was performed by determiningdifferent morphometric parameters such as perimeter, projected area, maximum length, shape factor and compactness. Additionally,the boundary fractal dimension, perimeter fractal dimension and area fractal dimension were determined. The results showed that thefractal dimension and form factor were the parameters in petals and flower head with higher sensitivity to detect differences betweenand among varieties and so are proposed as suitable parameter to characterize floral structures.Las flores Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. tienen usos ornamentales en México, y también algunas industrias las utilizan en lacoloración de carne. El género Tagetes presenta especies y variedades con diferentes colores y tonalidades en sus flores. Por lo que,una forma de distinción rápida y objetiva de estas variedades sería útil para la industria. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método paradistinguir y caracterizar la diversidad en dos variedades de T. erecta y T. patula a través de la caracterización de las estructuras florales,utilizando técnicas de análisis digital de imágenes y análisis fractal. Para esto, se capturaron imágenes de lígulas y capítulos florales, queposteriormente fueron binarizadas para obtener imágenes de objetos separados (lígulas y capítulos florales). El análisis de estas imágenesse realizó determinando diferentes parámetros morfométricos, tales como perímetro, área proyectada, longitud máxima, factor de formay compacidad. Adicionalmente, se determinó la dimensión fractal de contorno, de perímetro y de área. Los resultados mostraron quela dimensión fractal y el factor de forma son los parámetros que detectan con mayor sensibilidad las diferencias entre lígulas y entrecapítulos florales, por lo que se proponen como parámetro adecuados para caracterizar estructuras florales

Determinación de condiciones ácido-térmicas para la eliminación de oxalato de calcio en fibras de bagazo de agave con destino a la industria alimentaria

En la actualidad la fibra de bagazo de Agave tiene escasas aplicaciones, sin embargo, debido a su composición química puede ser utilizado para la elaboración de nuevos productos con valor agregado; previo a ello la fibra debe pasar por un proceso para reducir la concentración de oxalato de calcio. En el presente trabajo el bagazo de agave Tequila Weber se sometió a un proceso ácido-térmico usando distintas concentraciones (V/V) 0%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.0375%, 0.05%, 0.0625%, 0.075%, 0.0875% y 0.1% de H₂SO₄ a temperaturas de 24 ⁰C y 60 ⁰C. La materia prima fue sometida a este proceso durante un tiempo de contacto de 2 h y 1 h más cuando se agregaba el quelante a diferentes condiciones iniciales: fibra sin procesar, fibra en presencia de FeSO₄ como quelante, fibra después de Organosolv y fibra después de organosolv en presencia de FeSO₄. Se cuantificó el porcentaje de oxalato de calcio extraído de la fibra a través del método permanganométrico y se realizó caracterización microestructural.Today bagasse fiber Agave has few applications, however due to its chemical composition can be used for developing new value-added products; prior to that the fiber must go through a process to reduce the concentration of calcium oxalate. In this paper the Tequila Weber agave bagasse subjected to an acidthermal process using different concentrations (V / V) 0% 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.0375%, 0.05%, 0.0625%, 0.075% and 0.0875% 0.1% H₂SO₄ at temperatures of 24 ⁰C and 60 ⁰C. The raw material was subjected to this process for a contact time of 2 hours and one more h when chelating is added to different initial conditions: fiber unprocessed fiber in presence of FeSO₄ chelating after Organosolv fiber and fiber after organosolv in presence of FeSO₄. The calcium oxalate percentage extracted from the fiber through the permanganometric method and quantified microstructural characterization was performed

Análisis de la deslignificación de bagazo de agave por organosol

En la industria de producción de tequila, se generan anualmente miles de toneladas anuales de bagazo de agave, en su mayoría de la especie Agave tequilana Weber, el cual es rico en moléculas lignocelulósicas. El presente trabajo describe los resultados obtenidos a partir de la extracción de las fracciones lignocelulósicas utilizando dos disolventes: etanol y ácido acético, al 40% (v/v), durante un tiempo de reacción de 5 h, empleando HCl al 0.1 % como catalizador a una temperatura de ebullición. Después de la cocción se separaron tres fracciones lignocelulósicas (fibra, pulpa y licor), con rendimientos de extracción del 60.77%, celulosa del 29.37% y lignina total en la pulpa del 60.02%, del proceso etanosolv, los grupos funcionales fueron determinados espectroscopía de infrarojo por transformada de Fourier. Por lo que a partir de los desechos de la industria tequilera se puede obtener productos de valor agregado, con posibles aplicaciones en la industria farmacéutica y de alimentos, entre otras.In tequila production industry, are generated annually thousands of tons of agave bagasse, most of the species tequilana Weber Agave, which is rich in lignocellulosic molecules. This work describes the results obtained from the extraction of lignocellulosic fractions using two solvents: ethanol and acetic acid 40% (v:v), for a reaction time of 5 h, using HCl as a catalyst 0.1% to a boiling temperature. After this stage were obtained three lignocellulosic fractions (fiber, pulp and liquor), with extraction yields of 60.77%, 29.37% cellulose and lignin total 60.02% pulp by the process etanosolv, functional groups were determined spectroscopy separated Fourier transform infrared. As far as waste from the tequila industry can obtain value-added products, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries, among others

Crecimiento de Saccharomyces boulardii con agavinas acetiladas como fuente de carbono

Las agavinas son polímeros de fructosa provenientes del agave. Poseen enlaces β (2-1) y β (2-6), característica que no permite su hidrolisis por enzimas digestivas y las clasifica como oligosacáridos no digeribles. Estas moléculas han tomado relevancia debido a sus diferentes aplicaciones como encapsulantes de componentes bioactivos para liberarlos en sitios específicos y su capacidad prebiótica. Las bacterias del intestino grueso y cepas probióticas como Saccharomyces boulardii pueden fermentar las agavinas, generando cambios positivos en la microbiota. En esta investigación se evaluó la fermentabilidad de agavinas nativas, comerciales y acetiladas por la levadura probiótica S. boulardii, con el fin de compararlos como fuentes de carbono. Como resultado se obtuvo que el desarrollo celular en el medio con agavinas acetiladas fue mayor (9,0x10⁶ UFC/mL) respecto a las comerciales (5,7x10⁶ UFC/mL) y nativas (7,5x10⁵ UFC/mL), sin embargo, su crecimiento no fue mayor al medio con glucosa (3,5x10⁷UFC/mL).Agavins are polymers of fructose from agave that have β (2-1) and β (2-6) bonds, a characteristic that makes them resistant to hydrolysis by digestive enzymes and are classified non-digestible oligosaccharides. Currently, agavins have become relevant due to their different applications as an encapsulant of bioactive compounds to release them at specific sites and for their prebiotic characteristics. Bacteria from the large intestine and probiotic strains such as Saccharomyces boulardii can ferment agavins, generating positive changes in the microbiota. In this research, the fermentability of native, commercial and acetylated agavins by the probiotic yeast S. boulardii was evaluated, in order to compare them as carbon sources. As a result, it was obtained that the cell growth in the medium with acetylated agavins was higher (9,0x10⁶ CFU/mL) compared to commercial ones (5,7x10⁶ CFU/mL) and native agavins (7,5x10⁵ CFU/mL), however, its growth was not greater than the medium with glucosa (3,5x10⁷ CFU/mL)

177Lu-Bombesin-PLGA (paclitaxel): A targeted controlled-release nanomedicine for bimodal therapy of breast cancer

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) is overexpressed in>75% of breast cancers. 177Lu-Bombesin (177Lu-BN) has demonstrated the ability to target GRPr and facilitate efficient delivery of therapeutic radiation doses to malignant cells. Poly(D,L‑lactide‑co‑glycolide) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles can work as smart drug controlled- release systems activated through pH changes. Considering that paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line drug for cancer treatment, this work aimed to synthesize and chemically characterize a novel polymeric PTX-loaded nanosystem with grafted 177Lu-BN and to evaluate its performance as a targeted controlled-release nanomedicine for concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy of breast cancer. PLGA(PTX) nanoparticles were synthesized using the single emulsification-solvent evaporation method with PVA as a stabilizer in the presence of PTX. Thereafter, the activation of PLGA carboxylic groups for BN attachment through the Lys1-amine group was performed. Results of the chemical characterization by FT-IR, DLS, HPLC and SEM/TEM demonstrated the successful synthesis of BN-PLGA(PTX) with a hydrodynamic diameter of 163.54 ± 33.25 nm. The entrapment efficiency of paclitaxel was 92.8 ± 3.6%. The nanosystem showed an adequate controlled release of the anticancer drug, which increased significantly due to the pH change from neutral (pH=7.4) to acidic conditions (pH=5.3). After labeling with 177Lu and purification by ultrafiltration, 177Lu-BN-PLGA(PTX) was obtained with a radiochemical purity of 99 ± 1%. In vitro and in vivo studies using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (GRPr-positive) demonstrated a 177Lu-BNPLGA( PTX) specific uptake and a significantly higher cytotoxic effect for the radiolabeled nanosystem than the unlabeled BN-PLGA(PTX) nanoparticles. Using a pulmonary micrometastasis MDA-MB-231 model, the added value of 177Lu-BN-PLGA(PTX) for tumor imaging was confirmed. The 177Lu-BN-PLGA(PTX) nanomedicine is suitable as a targeted paclitaxel delivery system with concomitant radiotherapeutic effect for the treatment of GRPr-positive breast cancer.This study was partially supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT-CB-A1S38087) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (CRP-F22064, Contract 18358). It was carried out as part of the activities of the “Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos, CONACyT

Registered Replication Report on Fischer, Castel, Dodd, and Pratt (2003)

The attentional spatial-numerical association of response codes (Att-SNARC) effect (Fischer, Castel, Dodd, & Pratt, 2003)—the finding that participants are quicker to detect left-side targets when the targets are preceded by small numbers and quicker to detect right-side targets when they are preceded by large numbers—has been used as evidence for embodied number representations and to support strong claims about the link between number and space (e.g., a mental number line). We attempted to replicate Experiment 2 of Fischer et al. by collecting data from 1,105 participants at 17 labs. Across all 1,105 participants and four interstimulus-interval conditions, the proportion of times the effect we observed was positive (i.e., directionally consistent with the original effect) was .50. Further, the effects we observed both within and across labs were minuscule and incompatible with those observed by Fischer et al. Given this, we conclude that we failed to replicate the effect reported by Fischer et al. In addition, our analysis of several participant-level moderators (finger-counting habits, reading and writing direction, handedness, and mathematics fluency and mathematics anxiety) revealed no substantial moderating effects. Our results indicate that the Att-SNARC effect cannot be used as evidence to support strong claims about the link between number and space