The consideration of the Yalta Conference as an executive agreement

The story of the Yalta Conference is a complex and a difficult one. The Yalta Conference was one of a series of important conferences which were held among the Allies during the Second World War, Yalta was also the second, and the last, meeting between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin in a face-to-face situation

The Effectiveness of Theraplay as Treatment for Older Children with Attachment Difficulties

Current research suggests that infants and young children can make great gains in the area of attachment with a consistent and nurturing caregiver; the established view has been that after the age of three forming a secure attachment is incredibly difficult. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to answer the question: What is the effectiveness of Theraplay as a form of treatment when working with children over the age of three who have difficulty in forming a secure attachment to a caregiver? This review was set up using peer-reviewed articles, books, and dissertations. The databases PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, and SOCIndex were systematically searched using the terms; “theraplay” AND “attachment” or “stress response” or “attunement” or “neuroplasticity” or “treatment” or “reactive attachment disorder” or “trauma” or “children” of “effectiveness”. Out of these searches, 11 articles, books, and dissertations satisfied criteria for inclusion and were used in the final review. Four themes emerged through the synthesis of the literature around the aspects of Theraplay that appear to make it an effective therapeutic intervention for children over three who have issues in the area of attachment; 1) increasing parents’ ability to understand child and child’s needs; 2) engaging in ways that build connection between child and parent; 3) Making the child feel nurtured and cared for; and 4) the commitment and skill of the Theraplay therapist. The research suggests that the many elements of Theraplay cohesively support the strengthening of parent-child relationships. Moving forward, more experimental design studies are needed to ground findings in more concrete and generalizable outcomes. Exploring the effectiveness of Theraplay with children who have co-occurring disorders is also an important area for further study

The Effectiveness of Theraplay as Treatment for Older Children with Attachment Difficulties

Current research suggests that infants and young children can make great gains in the area of attachment with a consistent and nurturing caregiver; the established view has been that after the age of three forming a secure attachment is incredibly difficult. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to answer the question: What is the effectiveness of Theraplay as a form of treatment when working with children over the age of three who have difficulty in forming a secure attachment to a caregiver? This review was set up using peer-reviewed articles, books, and dissertations. The databases PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, and SOCIndex were systematically searched using the terms; theraplay AND attachment or stress response or attunement or neuroplasticity or treatment or reactive attachment disorder or trauma or children of effectiveness . Out of these searches, 11 articles, books, and dissertations satisfied criteria for inclusion and were used in the final review. Four themes emerged through the synthesis of the literature around the aspects of Theraplay that appear to make it an effective therapeutic intervention for children over three who have issues in the area of attachment; 1) increasing parents\u27 ability to understand child and child\u27s needs; 2) engaging in ways that build connection between child and parent; 3) Making the child feel nurtured and cared for; and 4) the commitment and skill of the Theraplay therapist. The research suggests that the many elements of Theraplay cohesively support the strengthening of parent-child relationships. Moving forward, more experimental design studies are needed to ground findings in more concrete and generalizable outcomes. Exploring the effectiveness of Theraplay with children who have co-occurring disorders is also an important area for further study

Sexual Dysfunction: Providers’ Willingness to Ask LGBQ Veterans About their Sexual Functioning

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in veterans is high when compared to the general population because of its relationship to physical and mental health issues endured while serving their country (Hosain, Latini, Kauth, Goltz, & Helmer, 2013). Research has mainly concentrated on male, heterosexual veterans with SD and very little research has explored lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) veterans’ experiences. This is concerning considering research indicates that LGBQ veterans’ sexual minority status adds unique stressors such as fear of disclosing identity, fear of stigma, and internalized homophobia in addition to the stresses that occur from being in the military (Cochran, Balsam, Fientje, Malte, & Simpson, 2013). These stressors cause LGBQ veterans to be more susceptible to mental health issues, which can affect sexual functioning. The focus and purpose of this dissertation was to examine if Veterans Health Administration (VHA) clinicians are asking about their LGBQ veterans sexual functioning. This research was conducted by giving VHA clinicians a Demographic and Experience Questionnaire and responses were analyzed through frequency chi-squared analyses. The primary aim of this dissertation was to examine the barriers to asking LGBQ veterans’ about their sexual functioning, especially when research has proven that this is an issue that many LGBQ veterans suffer with. Results revealed a significant relationship between provider’s willingness to assess for sexual functioning and whether they have received training in that area. Other barriers included being on a time constraint as well as a lack of relevance to the treatment. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are explore

On the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a differential equation with interaction governed by generalized function in abstract wiener space

We consider some the following differential equation with interaction governed by a generalized function/ The conditions that guarantee the existence and uniqueness of a solution when mapping a belongs to some Sobolev space are obtained

MUC1: A multifunctional cell surface component of reproductive tissue epithelia

MUC1 is a large, transmembrane mucin glycoprotein expressed at the apical surface of a variety of reproductive tract epithelia. Functions attributed to MUC1 include those generally associated with mucins such as lubrication and hydration of cell surfaces as well as protection from microorganisms and degradative enzymes. In addition, MUC1 is an effective inhibitor of both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in both normal and malignant contexts. Moreover, a series of recent studies has shown that the highly conserved cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 interacts specifically with a series of important signal transducing molecules including β-catenin, Grb2 and erbB family members. MUC1 expression in normal epithelia can be quite dynamic, varying in response to steroid hormone or cytokine influences. Following malignant transformation, MUC1 often becomes highly overexpressed, loses its apical restriction, and displays aberrant glycosylation and altered mRNA splice variants. Regulation of MUC1 expression can occur at the transcriptional level. In addition, post-translational regulation of cell surface expression occurs via the activity of cell surface proteases or "sheddases" that release soluble forms of the large ectodomains. This review will briefly summarize studies of MUC1 expression and function in reproductive tissues with particular emphasis on the uterus. In addition, current knowledge of the mechanisms of MUC1 gene regulation, metabolic processing and potential signal transducing functions will be presented

Chromatin status and transcription factor binding to gonadotropin promoters in gonadotrope cell lines.

BackgroundProper expression of key reproductive hormones from gonadotrope cells of the pituitary is required for pubertal onset and reproduction. To further our understanding of the molecular events taking place during embryonic development, leading to expression of the glycoproteins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), we characterized chromatin structure changes, imparted mainly by histone modifications, in model gonadotrope cell lines.MethodsWe evaluated chromatin status and gene expression profiles by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, DNase sensitivity assay, and RNA sequencing in three developmentally staged gonadotrope cell lines, αT1-1 (progenitor, expressing Cga), αT3-1 (immature, expressing Cga and Gnrhr), and LβT2 (mature, expressing Cga, Gnrhr, Lhb, and Fshb), to assess changes in chromatin status and transcription factor access of gonadotrope-specific genes.ResultsWe found the common mRNA α-subunit of LH and FSH, called Cga, to have an open chromatin conformation in all three cell lines. In contrast, chromatin status of Gnrhr is open only in αT3-1 and LβT2 cells. Lhb begins to open in LβT2 cells and was further opened by activin treatment. Histone H3 modifications associated with active chromatin were high on Gnrhr in αT3-1 and LβT2, and Lhb in LβT2 cells, while H3 modifications associated with repressed chromatin were low on Gnrhr, Lhb, and Fshb in LβT2 cells. Finally, chromatin status correlates with the progressive access of LHX3 to Cga and Gnrhr, followed by PITX1 binding to the Lhb promoter.ConclusionOur data show the gonadotrope-specific genes Cga, Gnrhr, Lhb, and Fshb are not only controlled by developmental transcription factors, but also by epigenetic mechanisms that include the modulation of chromatin structure, and histone modifications

Evolution of β-Cell Replacement Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: Islet Cell Transplantation

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 23.6 million people in the United States are affected. Of these individuals, 5 to 10% have been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease. Although it often appears in childhood, T1DM may manifest at any age, leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Since the 1960s, the surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus has evolved to become a viable alternative to insulin administration, beginning with pancreatic transplantation. While islet cell transplantation has emerged as another potential alternative, its role in the treatment of T1DM remains to be solidified as research continues to establish it as a truly viable alternative for achieving insulin independence. In this paper, the historical evolution, procurement, current status, benefits, risks, and ongoing research of islet cell transplantation are explored