354 research outputs found

    Optimum mixing of inertial navigator data and radar data

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    Optimal filter design for data from system consisting of inertial navigator and rada

    Un rapport précoce de Kurt Gerstein

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    La connaissance historique, on l’oublie trop souvent, est parfois le fruit du hasard. Le passĂ©, en somme, est non pas exactement ce qui a Ă©tĂ©, mais ce qu’il nous a Ă©tĂ© donnĂ© de connaĂźtre. L’histoire du rapport sur l’extermination des Juifs, publiĂ© ici pour la premiĂšre fois dans une autre langue que le nĂ©erlandais, en est l’illustration exemplaire. Il aura fallu, en effet, pas moins d’un demi-siĂšcle pour que l’on puisse prendre la mesure de l’importance rĂ©elle de ce document – inconnu, ignorĂ©..

    Optimum mixing of inertial navigator and position fix data

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    Optimum mixing of inertial navigator and position fix dat

    Un rapport précoce de Kurt Gerstein

    Get PDF
    La connaissance historique, on l’oublie trop souvent, est parfois le fruit du hasard. Le passĂ©, en somme, est non pas exactement ce qui a Ă©tĂ©, mais ce qu’il nous a Ă©tĂ© donnĂ© de connaĂźtre. L’histoire du rapport sur l’extermination des Juifs, publiĂ© ici pour la premiĂšre fois dans une autre langue que le nĂ©erlandais, en est l’illustration exemplaire. Il aura fallu, en effet, pas moins d’un demi-siĂšcle pour que l’on puisse prendre la mesure de l’importance rĂ©elle de ce document – inconnu, ignorĂ©..

    Étude du comportement sismique des Ă©coles typiques du QuĂ©bec

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    Les Ă©coles du QuĂ©bec sont situĂ©es dans une rĂ©gion sismique oĂč l'alĂ©a est considĂ©rĂ© modĂ©rĂ© Ă  Ă©levĂ©. Cependant, les bĂątiments n'ont pas tous Ă©tĂ© construits rĂ©cemment et ils ne satisfont pas toujours les normes sismiques modemes. L'objectif de ce mĂ©moire est d'Ă©valuer le comportement sismique des Ă©coles du QuĂ©bec, par l'intermĂ©diaire d'une caractĂ©risation structurale et non structurale. A l'aide de plusieurs sources complĂ©mentaires, comme la visite de 14 Ă©coles, l'Ă©tude de plans et un rapport remis par le MinistĂšre de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport, les Ă©coles ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parties en cinq types structuraux, selon leur annĂ©e de construction : les Ă©coles anciennes Ă  ossatures en acier rĂ©sistant aux moments (avant 1950), les Ă©coles « Duplessis » Ă  poteaux et poutres en bois (1955 - 1963), les Ă©coles Ă  ossatures en bĂ©ton rĂ©sistant aux moments (1950 -1964), les Ă©coles Ă  murs de cisaillement en bĂ©ton (1964 - 1979) et les Ă©coles rĂ©centes Ă  ossatures contreventĂ©es en acier (aprĂšs 1980). Ces cinq types ont pu ĂȘtre caractĂ©risĂ©s avec une description de leurs Ă©lĂ©ments structuraux et non structuraux. Plusieurs mĂ©thodes ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour Ă©valuer la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© sismique relative de chaque type d'Ă©cole. D'abord, une revue de littĂ©rature des dommages observĂ©s sur les Ă©coles du QuĂ©bec aprĂšs le sĂ©isme du Saguenay en 1988 et sur les bĂątiments similaires lors de sĂ©ismes Ă  travers le monde, a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e. Cette Ă©tude met en Ă©vidence des dommages structuraux surtout pour des sĂ©ismes majeurs et des dommages plutĂŽt non structuraux Ă  la suite de sĂ©isme modĂ©rĂ©. Puis, deux classements relatifs de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© sismique des cinq types d'Ă©cole ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s avec les ratios entre les valeurs de cisaillements Ă  la base selon le code utilisĂ© pour la conception et le CNBC 2005, et les indices de prioritĂ© sismique du CNRC. Ces classements montrent que les structures les plus anciennes sont potentiellement plus vulnĂ©rables. Cependant, seule une Ă©tude cas par cas peut confirmer la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© d'un bĂątiment. Enfin des tableaux prĂ©sentent les dĂ©ficiences sismiques et les dommages potentiels de chaque type d'Ă©cole. Des analyses dynamiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es avec le logiciel SAP2000© sur une Ă©cole ancienne, pour Ă©valuer les contraintes, les dĂ©placements du bĂątiment et les plastifications lors de sĂ©ismes compatibles avec le spectre de MontrĂ©al (alĂ©a sismique modĂ©rĂ©) et de La Malbaie (alĂ©a sismique Ă©levĂ©). Pour le modĂšle et les hypothĂšses utilisĂ©s, les rĂ©suhats ont montrĂ© un comportement dynamique atisfaisant Ă  MontrĂ©al mais pas Ă  La Malbaie oĂč un Ă©canisme de colonnes faibles et poutres fortes est observĂ©e

    REVIEW OF EARLY TRIASSIC THYLACOCEPHALA

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    Thylacocephala (Euarthropoda: Eucrustacea?) is a group of enigmatic fossil euarthropods, known from at least the Silurian to the Cretaceous. The Triassic is considered to be the period during which thylacocephalans were the most diversified with 17 species reported from 19 localities in nine countries. However, Thylacocephala were assumed to be rare during the Early Triassic until recent discoveries in Japan, Nevada and Idaho, U.S.A.       Our study focuses on thylacocephalans from the Early Triassic, especially from Madagascar and Idaho. The revision of previously known taxa from Madagascar provides new important information. A new kind of ornamentation is reported for Paraostenia ambatolokobensis nov. comb., previously assigned to Ostenocaris ambatolokobensis. In addition, Ankitokazocaris acutirostris and Paraostenia ambatolokobensis are only the third and fourth thylacocephalan taxa for which possible cephalic appendages are described.  New occurrences of Thylacocephala in Nevada and Idaho, U.S.A., lead to the description of one new taxon and to the reassignement of Parisicaris triassica to Ankitokazocaris triassica nov. comb. Those occurrences provide a significant contribution to the knowledge of Thylacocephala taxonomic diversity and geographic distribution during the Early Triassic. An important revision of Early Triassic thylacocephalan taxa from Japan and China is also performed, including Ankitokazocaris chaohuensis, Ankitokazocaris parva nov. comb., Ankitokazocaris utatsuensis nov. comb. and Paraostenia sp. Overall, the taxonomic diversity of Triassic thylacocephalans has likely been slightly over-estimated (17 species before, 15 now). However, the Triassic represents the richest period in terms of thylacocephalan-bearing outcrops (19 localities from nine countries)

    Gladius-bearing coleoids from the Upper Cretaceous Lebanese LagerstÀtten: diversity, morphology, and phylogenetic implications

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    Gladius-bearing coleoids are rare in the fossil record. For the Cretaceous period, these cephalopods are mainly recorded in a few LagerstÀtten in Lebanon (Haqel, Hajoula, En Nammoura, and Sahel Aalma). Here, we study 16 specimens of gladius-bearing coleoids from these Upper Cretaceous Lebanese LagerstÀtten to investigate their taxonomic diversity. Besides two species that were already reported (Dorateuthis syriaca and Glyphiteuthis libanotica), one new species is identified in the Cenomanian site of Hajoula: Rachiteuthis acutali n. sp., as well as another form of Glyphiteuthis from En Nammoura. Several studied specimens exhibit well-preserved soft-part characters. Among them, we document for the first time two transverse rows of sessile suckers in D. syriaca and we confirm the absence of tentacles, as well as the presence of a crop in this species. This strongly supports the phylogenetic proximity of D. syriaca with modern vampyropods rather than with modern decabrachians. In turn, the similarity in gladius morphology between this taxon and modern squids is regarded as convergen

    External controls on the distribution, fabrics and mineralization of modern microbial mats in a coastal hypersaline lagoon, Cayo Coco (Cuba).

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    45 pagesInternational audienceActive, carbonate-mineralizing microbial mats flourish in a tropical, highly evaporative, marine-fed lagoonal network to the south of Cayo Coco Island (Cuba). Hypersaline conditions support the development of a complex sedimentary microbial ecosystem with diverse morphologies, a variable intensity of mineralization and a potential for preservation. In this study, the role of intrinsic (i.e. microbial) and extrinsic (i.e. physicochemical) controls on microbial mat development, mineralization and preservation was investigated. The network consists of lagoons, forming in the interdune depressions of a Pleistocene aeolian substratum; they developed due to a progressive increase in sea-level since the Holocene. The hydrological budget in the Cayo Coco lagoonal network changes from west to east, increasing the salinity. This change progressively excludes grazers and increases the saturation index of carbonate minerals, favouring the development and mineralization of microbial mats in the easternmost lagoons. Detailed mapping of the easternmost lagoon shows four zones with different flooding regimes. The microbial activity in the mats was recorded using light–dark shifts in conjunction with microelectrode O2 and HS− profiles. High rates of O2 production and consumption, in addition to substantial amounts of exopolymeric substances, are indicative of a potentially strong intrinsic control on mineralization. Seasonal, climate-driven water fluctuations are key for mat development, mineralization, morphology and distribution. Microbial mats show no mineralization in the permanently submersed zone, and moderate mineralization in zones with alternating immersion and exposure. It is suggested that mineralization is also driven by water-level fluctuations and evaporation. Mineralized mats are laminated and consist of alternating trapping and binding of grains and microbially induced magnesium calcite and dolomite precipitation. The macrofabrics of the mats evolve from early colonizing Flat mats to complex Cerebroid or Terrace structures. The macrofabrics are influenced by the hydrodynamic regime: wind-driven waves inducing relief terraces in windward areas and flat morphologies on the leeward side of the lagoon. Other external drivers include: (i) storm events that either promote (for example, by bioclasts covering) or prevent (for example, by causing erosion) microbial mat preservation; and (ii) subsurface degassing, through mangrove roots and desiccation cracks covered by Flat mats (i.e. forming Hemispheroids and Cerebroidal structures). These findings provide in-depth insights into understanding fossil microbialite morphologies that formed in lagoonal settings

    Biological Soil Crusts as Modern Analogues for the Archean Continental Biosphere: Insights from Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

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    Stable isotope signatures of elements related to life such as carbon and nitrogen can be powerful biomarkers that provide key information on the biological origin of organic remains and their paleoenvironments. Marked advances have been achieved in the last decade in our understanding of the coupled evolution of biological carbon and nitrogen cycling and the chemical evolution of the early Earth thanks, in part, to isotopic signatures preserved in fossilized microbial mats and organic matter of marine origin. However, the geologic record of the early continental biosphere, as well as its evolution and biosignatures, is still poorly constrained. Following a recent report of direct fossil evidence of life on land at 3.22 Ga, we compare here the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signals of this continental Archean biosphere with biosignatures of cyanobacteria biological soil crusts (cyanoBSCs) colonizing modern arid environments. We report the first extended ÎŽ13C and ÎŽ15N data set from modern cyanoBSCs and show that these modern communities harbor specific isotopic biosignatures that compare well with continental Archean organic remains. We therefore suggest that cyanoBSCs are likely relevant analogues for the earliest continental ecosystems. As such, they can provide key information on the timing, extent, and possibly mechanism of colonization of the early Earth's emergent landmasses
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