Using Email to Create Collective Identity

The internet has changed the ability of social movements to carry out political organizing. It has also become a tool for expressing movement identities. Wall (2007) has argued that collective identity can be fostered through the frames created, the boundaries drawn and the emotional investment established by the movements. This paper examines how the social movement MoveOn has used email to express a collective identity. The use of frames, boundaries and emotional investment within these emails are the focus of this study

Are Gender Portrayals of Children in Advertisements Stereotypical?

Advertising directed at children has been the topic of considerable research and debate. Several researchers have discussed the various concerns and criticisms of children\u27s advertising, while attempting to sort out the factors likely to contribute to young readers/viewers responses to advertiser\u27s persuasive attempts (Kolbe & Muehling, 1995). One of the main criticisms of advertising has been concerned with the use of stereotyped gender role portrayals by advertisers. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether or not gender role portrayals in advertisements featuring children are stereotypical. A review of the literature from the past couple of decades reveals that although some gender role portrayals have changed, many of them continue to be stereotypical

Atomic Architecture for the General College Chemistry Student

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesot

MoveOn: The Rhetoric of Polarization

The media environment has changed dramatically since King and Anderson (1971) first articulated their conceptualization of the rhetoric of polarization. With the advent of the user friendly World Wide Web in the 1990s came a new interactive form of media that is now used as a tool by politicians and activists. According to Chadwick, one group that has been successful in creating a network of citizens by using the internet has been MoveOn.org. This paper examines how MoveOn.org has used the rhetoric of polarization within its member emails to create feelings of solidarity amongst themselves and opposition to a common foe

The effect of the low Earth orbit environment on space solar cells

The results of a space flight experiment designed to provide reference cell standards for photovoltaic measurements as well as to investigate the solar spectrum and the effect of long-term exposure of solar cells to the space environment are presented. This experiment, the Advanced Photovoltaic Experiment (APEX), was launched into low Earth orbit as part of the Long Duration Exposure Facility in 1984 and retrieved 69 months later. APEX contained over 150 solar cells of a wide variety of materials, designs and coverglasses. Data on cell performance was recorded for the first year-on-orbit

Covid-19 and the Clash of Narratives: From Cold War to End of Time (1989-2023)

This paper discusses the impact of Covid-19 on Islamist narratives of end time scenarios that predict the annihilation of a corrupted world and its ultimate replacement by a world order based exclusively on Islam. It does this against the backdrop of Islam’s antagonistic relationship with the West, particularly from the ending of the Cold War in the early 1990s to the present day, a relationship conducted within the shadow of the US’s attempts to establish a new world order based exclusively on its own values and interests. In the light of the contrary predictions of Francis Fukuyama that the resulting Pax Americana will bring a century of peace and S. P. Huntington a century of conflict, the paper goes on to examine the vastly different world views of the United States on the one hand and Al Qaeda and Islamic State on the other and how they envisage the future unfolding. What the paper shows is that the advent of Covid-19 has served not only to convince traditional Islamic Scholars that Al Mahama, the great battle at the end of time, is well on the way and may even have started, but also to make Muslims in the streets more receptive to such a doomsday message

The pion nucleon sigma term

This thesis calculates and compares the pion nucleon sigma term with and without the contributions arising from processes that involve decuplet baryons.Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 1996

Effector CD4⁺ T lymphocytes in the prodrome of polyarthritis

The inoculation of a single dose of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in Dark Agouti rats induces a polyarthritis that resembles rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. The specific role of T cells in the pathogenesis of RA is controversial but a considerable body of evidence suggests that the joint destruction is mediated by T cells within the synovium, which may activate other cells such as macrophages and fibroblasts that are more directly implicated in articular damage. To gain a further understanding of the mechanisrns involved in the development of T cell-mediated polyarthritis, the activation and phenotype of CD4⁺ T cells during the prodrome of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) has been investigated in rats. Research in the Arthritis Research Laboratory has demonstrated previously that activated CD4⁺ T cells in the thoracic duct (TD) lymph of rats during the late prodromal phase of AA (9 days after inoculation) have the capacity to enter both normal and inflamed joints after the adoptive transfer to syngeneic recipients. Furthermore, these activated CD4⁺ T cells can transfer disease to naive recipient rats. The arthritogenic population is contained within a subset of CD4⁺ T cells that expresses CD25, MHC class II, CD134and CD7l. The delay in onset of AA after inoculation with adjuvant (9-10 days) or adoptive transfer of arthritogenic TD lymphocytes (4-6 days) suggests that progressive differentiation or selection of effector cells is required before disease can be expressed. This study has charted the emergence of activated and arthritogenic CD4⁺ T cells in the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation, in the TD lymph and in the joints of the hind paws. In the lymph nodes and TD lymph, the proportion of CD4⁺ T cells expressing activation markers such as CD25, MHC class II, CD134 and CD71 and adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 increased within 3 days following inoculation of CFA and these levels remained elevated throughout the early stages of AA. Arthritogenic lymphocytes were present in the TD lymph by the fourth day after inoculation of CFA. Interestingly, the disease transferred to recipients by lymphocytes from a donor on the fourth day post-inoculation followed similar kinetics to that transferred by TD lymphocytes harvested from donors at later time points. Very few CD4⁺ T cells were detected in the hind paws during the prodrome of AA, whereas a dramatic influx was observed by day 9 and even more so at day 12 post-inoculation, when joint inflammation was usually moderate to severe. These CD4⁺ T cells in the inflamed hind paws had effector phenotype. A method was developed for detecting the cytokine production by individual T lymphocytes under conditions that reflected the cytokine production by these cells in vivo. This technique revealed that CD4⁺ T cells from arthritic rats produced more interferon (IFN)-γ than interleukin (IL)-4, suggesting that this disease was mediated by T helper type -1 cells. CD4⁺ T cells from inflamed joints were prolific producers of IFN-γ, suggesting that this pro-inflammatory cytokine may have played a crucial role in disease pathology. However, when a monoclonal antibody was used to block IFN-γ produced by either transferred arthritogenic lymphocytes or host cells in the active disease, the arthritis was markedly exacerbated, indicating that this cytokine also has down-regulatory effects at an important stage during the development of the inflammatory response.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, 200

What is a Humane Wildlife Control Service?

In May 2007, The Humane Society of the United States launched a for-fee business called Humane Wildlife Servicessm to engage in wildlife control jobs in the Washington, D.C. metro area. We had several purposes in launching this service. First, we felt it necessary to offer a service to customers in our home base area that allowed them to choose a wildlife removal company that did not trap and relocate, or trap and kill, animals. Second, we wished to directly experience and test the operational and conceptual challenges associated with this sort of service. Third, we wished to develop a model that could eventually be shared with others wishing to provide similar services in their communities. This paper describes how this operation works and discusses some of the concepts underlying what we call a “humane” wildlife service

The Muslim Women's Movement in Indonesia: A Study of the Aisyiyah Organisation, 1966-2001

This thesis examines the role and social involvement of Aisyiyah, the female section of the Muhammadiyah, within the context of the Indonesian women's movement. This is achieved by analysing the development of the organisation visa vis other women's organisations. It looks at the activities of Aisyiyah during the period 1966-2001 which is a critical period of socio-political change in Indonesia. As the socio-political situation changed from the authoritarian New Order regime 1966-1998 to a democratic Reformation Era, from 1998 onward, Aisyiyah's activities and development during the period underwent significant change as well. Under the New Order regime, Aisyiyah was forced to design its activities to be in line with government policy in order to be socially and politically acceptable. One could even say that Aisyiyah provided justification for the government's national development policies, and seldom, if ever, opposed these. However, following the Reformation Era begun in Habiebie's government in 1998, Aisyiyah transformed itself into a socially and politically active movement that is no longer hidebound by its Muhammadiyah affiliation or by its Muslim orientation. It has readily taken up a range of national issues and has arguably become much more than simply a women's auxiliary of Muhammadiyah. Indeed, it is acquiring a life and rationale of its own