Geotechnical and Geologic Features of U.S. 189 in Provo Canyon, Utah

Provo Canyon, located in north central Utah, is known to have landslide hazards for many years. Construction to widen and straighten a 2.5-mile-long section of U.S. 189 known as the “Narrows” commenced in December 1995. This project consists of twin 300-foot-long two-lane tunnels, 3/4 million cubic yards of soil and rock excavation, 60,000 square feet of cast-in-place concrete soil nailed walls, and 90,790 square feet of mechanically stabilized embankment. During excavation for some of the cuts, landslides occurred that required remediation. Cracks were noticed near the northern portal of the tunnels which necessitated immediate stabilization. Observations during construction are presented. Immediately north of “The Narrows” section of U. S. 189 is an approximate six-mile-long segment called the Upper Provo Canyon project. The project includes a one-mile section of roadway that traverses over some landslides, known as the Hoover Slides, which have been active for at least 60 years. The Hoover Slides are within a thrust fault known as the Deer Creek thrust. From the exploration program, geotechnical and geologic features were identified which permitted the development of probable chronological events of the Hoover Slides and postulated sliding mechanisms responsible for the movements

Primary Teratoma of the Lesser Sac: Lesser Sac Teratoma

Germ cell tumors predominantly involve the gonads but may rarely be found outside of the gonads, primarily in midline structures. We describe the case of a 27-year-old male with an asymptomatic 8 cm teratoma located within the lesser sac of his omentum. This is the fourth case of a teratoma located within the lesser sac of the omentum, which provides the opportunity to make some comparisons. Finally, we discuss some of the etiologic theories behind extragonadal germ cell tumors and how they relate to teratomas in the lesser sac

Helicopter EMS Transport Outcomes Literature: Annotated Review of Articles Published 2007–2011

Helicopter EMS (HEMS) and its possible association with outcomes improvement continues to be a subject of discussion. As is the case with other scientific discourse, debate over HEMS usefulness should be framed around an evidence-based assessment of the relevant literature. In an effort to facilitate the academic pursuit of assessment of HEMS utility, in late 2000 the National Association of EMS Physicians' (NAEMSP) Air Medical Task Force prepared annotated bibliographies of the HEMS-related outcomes literature. As a result of that work, two review articles, one covering HEMS use in nontrauma and the other in trauma, published in 2002 in Prehospital Emergency Care surveyed HEMS outcomes-related literature published between 1980 and mid-2000. The project was extended with two subsequent reviews covering the literature through 2006. This review continues the series, outlining outcomes-associated HEMS literature for the three-year period 2007 through the first half of 2011

Enriched Shergottite NWA 5298 As An Evolved Parent Melt: Trace Element Inventory

Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 5298 is a basaltic shergottite that was found near Bir Gandouz (Morocco). Its martian origin was confirmed by oxygen isotopes [1], as well as Mn/Fe ratios in the pyroxenes and K/anorthite ratios in the plagioclases [2]. Here we present a petrographic and geochemical study of NWA 5298. Comparison of mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of this meteorite with other Martian rocks shows that NWA 5298 is not likely paired with any other known shergottites, but it has similarities to another basaltic shergottite Dhofar 378

Exploring Ethical Development from Standard Instruction in the Contexts of Biomedical Engineering and Earth Science

Ethics continues to be required in the accreditation of engineers. However, ethics is seldom the core focus of departmental instruction. Yet, standard instruction may have myriad impacts on students' ethical development. This study explores students’ ethical formation when ethics is a peripheral or non-intentional aspect of instruction in departmental courses in Biomedical Engineering and Earth Science. The research question that we seek to address is, “In what different ways and to what extent does participation in departmental engineering and science courses cultivate STEM students’ ethical formation?” To address our research question, we disseminated a survey to students before (pre) and after (post) their participation in one of 12 courses offered in Earth Science or Biomedical Engineering during the Fall 2017 or Spring 2018. The survey included four instruments: (1) the Civic-Minded Graduate scale; (2) the Interpersonal Reactivity Index; (3) two relational constructs developed by the authors; and (4) the Defining Issues Test-2. Results suggest that current Earth Science curriculum, overall, positively contributes to students' ethical growth. However, the Biomedical Engineering courses showed no evidence of change. As the Earth Science courses do not explicitly focus on ethics, one potential explanation for this trend is the community-engaged nature of the Earth Science curriculum. These findings will be beneficial locally to help direct improvements in departmental STEM instruction. In addition, these findings pave the way for future comparative analyses exploring how variations in ethical instruction contribute to students' ethical and professional formation. © 2019 American Society for Engineering Educatio

Craving y abstinencia de la nicotina en fumadores españoles en un tratamiento para dejar de fumar

Craving and nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS) are components of the tobacco use disorder in DSM-5. They both appear after smoking cessation or an abrupt reduction in tobacco use, and they are associated with both short and long-term smoking-cessation outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of craving and withdrawal with smoking cessation at the end of the treatment and relapse at 3 months follow-up in a Spanish sample of smokers. The sample comprised 342 smokers (37.7% men; 62.3% women) receiving a cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation. The assessments of craving and withdrawal were conducted using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Abstainers at the end of the treatment, compared to non abstainers, showed significantly lower post-treatment withdrawal, and post-treatment craving. Furthermore, they had lower scores in pre-treatment nicotine dependence. Among abstainers, craving decreased significantly from pre-cessation levels, while in those participants who did not quit smoking it remained on the same levels. High nicotine dependence was a predictor of smoking at the end of the treatment, whereas high nicotine withdrawal predicted relapse at 3 months. Findings support the robust role of craving and NWS in smoking cessation and relapse, although they differ in their specific patterns of change over timeEl craving y el síndrome de abstinencia de la nicotina (SAN) forman parte del trastorno por consumo del tabaco en el DSM-5. Ambos aparecen tras dejar de fumar o tras una reducción brusca del consumo de tabaco, y están relacionados con los resultados de dejar de fumar a corto y largo plazo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación del craving y del síndrome de abstinencia con dejar de fumar al final del tratamiento y con la recaída a los 3 meses de seguimiento en una muestra de fumadores españoles. La muestra estaba formada por 342 fumadores (37,7% hombres; 62,3% mujeres) que recibieron tratamiento cognitivo-conductual para dejar de fumar. La evaluación del craving y del síndrome de abstinencia se realizó a través de la escala Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Los abstinentes al final del tratamiento, comparados con los no abstinentes, mostraron un síndrome de abstinencia y un craving significativamente menor al finalizar el tratamiento. Además, los abstinentes tenían puntuaciones menores en dependencia de la nicotina antes del tratamiento. Entre los abstinentes, el craving descendió significativamente desde los valores presentados antes de dejar de fumar, mientras que en los participantes que no dejaron de fumar los valores de craving permanecieron en los mismos niveles. La dependencia de la nicotina elevada fue el predictor de fumar al final del tratamiento, mientras que el síndrome de abstinencia de la nicotina elevado fue predictor de la recaída a los 3 meses. Los resultados apoyan el papel robusto del craving y del SAN en dejar de fumar y en la recaída, aunque difieren en sus patrones de cambio a lo largo del tiempoThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), “National Program for Basic Research Projects” (PSI2008-02597/PSIC)S

The Role of Galactic Winds on Molecular Gas Emission from Galaxy Mergers

We assess the impact of starburst and AGN feedback-driven winds on the CO emission from galaxy mergers, and, in particular, search for signatures of these winds in the simulated CO morphologies and emission line profiles. We do so by combining a 3D non-LTE molecular line radiative transfer code with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of galaxy mergers that include prescriptions for star formation, black hole growth, a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), and the winds associated with star formation and black hole growth. Our main results are: (1) Galactic winds can drive outflows of masses ~10^8-10^9 Msun which may be imaged via CO emission line mapping. (2) AGN feedback-driven winds are able to drive imageable CO outflows for longer periods of time than starburst-driven winds owing to the greater amount of energy imparted to the ISM by AGN feedback compared to star formation. (3) Galactic winds can control the spatial extent of the CO emission in post-merger galaxies, and may serve as a physical motivation for the sub-kiloparsec scale CO emission radii observed in local advanced mergers. (4) Secondary emission peaks at velocities greater than the circular velocity are seen in the CO emission lines in all models. In models with winds, these high velocity peaks are seen to preferentially correspond to outflowing gas entrained in winds, which is not the case in the model without winds. The high velocity peaks seen in models without winds are typically confined to velocity offsets (from the systemic) < 1.7 times the circular velocity, whereas the models with AGN feedback-driven winds can drive high velocity peaks to ~2.5 times the circular velocity.Comment: Accepted by ApJ; Minor revisions; Resolution tests include

Self-help materials for smoking relapse prevention: a process evaluation of the SHARPISH randomized controlled trial

Background: UK Stop Smoking Services are effective at assisting smokers to quit. However, smoking relapse rates are high, representing a significant public health problem. No effective interventions are currently available. This embedded qualitative process evaluation, within a randomised controlled trial of a self-help smoking relapse prevention intervention, aimed to understand patient perspectives in explaining the null trial finding, and to make recommendations for intervention development. Methods: The intervention was a British version of the ‘Forever Free’ self help booklets (SHARPISH - ISRCTN 36980856). The qualitative evaluation purposefully sampled 43 interview participants, triangulated with the views of 10 participants and 12 health professionals in focus groups. Data were thematically analysed. Results: Analysis revealed important variation in individual engagement with the self help booklets. Variation was interpreted by the meta-themes of ‘motivation for cessation’, and ‘positioning on information provision’, interacting with the theme of ‘mechanisms for information provision’. Conclusions: Targeting self help information towards those most motivated to engage may be beneficial, considering the social and cultural realities of individual’s lives. Individual preferences for the mechanisms of information delivery should be appraised when designing future interventions. Long term personalised follow up may be a simple step in improving smoking relapse rates

Self-help materials for the prevention of smoking relapse: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking successfully for a few weeks will return to smoking again in the medium term. There are few effective interventions to prevent this relapse and none used routinely in clinical practice. A previous exploratory meta-analysis suggested that self-help booklets may be effective but requires confirmation. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a set of self-help educational materials to prevent smoking relapse in the National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Service. METHODS/DESIGN: This is an open, randomized controlled trial. The target population is carbon monoxide (CO) verified quitters at four weeks in the NHS stop smoking clinic (total sample size N = 1,400). The experimental intervention tested is a set of eight revised Forever Free booklets, including an introduction booklet and more extensive information on all important issues for relapse prevention. The control intervention is a leaflet that has no evidence to suggest it is effective but is currently given to some patients using NHS stop smoking services. Two follow-up telephone interviews will be conducted at three and 12 months after the quit date. The primary outcome will be prolonged abstinence from months four to 12 with no more than five lapses, confirmed by a CO test at the 12-month assessment. The secondary outcomes will be seven-day self-report point prevalence abstinence at three months and seven-day biochemically confirmed point prevalence abstinence at 12 months. To assess cost-effectiveness, costs will be estimated from a health service perspective and the EQ-5D will be used to estimate the QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Year) gain associated with each intervention. The comparison of smoking abstinence rates (and any other binary outcomes) between the two trial arms will be carried out using odds ratio as the outcome statistic and other related statistical tests. Exploratory subgroup analyses, including logistic regression analyses with interaction terms, will be conducted to investigate possible effect-modifying variables. DISCUSSION: The possible effect of self-help educational materials for the prevention of smoking relapse has important public health implications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN36980856.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are