Intestinal REG3 Lectins Protect against Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Reducing Mucosa-Associated Microbiota and Preventing Bacterial Translocation

Approximately half of all deaths from liver cirrhosis, the tenth leading cause of mortality in the United States, are related to alcohol use. Chronic alcohol consumption is accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial overgrowth, yet little is known about the factors that alter the microbial composition or their contribution to liver disease. We previously associated chronic alcohol consumption with lower intestinal levels of the antimicrobial-regenerating islet-derived (REG)-3 lectins. Here, we demonstrate that intestinal deficiency in REG3B or REG3G increases numbers of mucosa-associated bacteria and enhances bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver, promoting the progression of ethanol-induced fatty liver disease toward steatohepatitis. Overexpression of Reg3g in intestinal epithelial cells restricts bacterial colonization of mucosal surfaces, reduces bacterial translocation, and protects mice from alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. Thus, alcohol appears to impair control of the mucosa-associated microbiota, and subsequent breach of the mucosal barrier facilitates progression of alcoholic liver disease

IODP Expedition 376 Piece log

Dataset includes length data for every whole-round piece: bin length, whole-round piece length (measured by curation staff), and both the archive- and working-half piece lengths (optionally measured by scientists)

IODP Expedition 376 Inorganic carbon (coulometer)

Inorganic carbon (carbonate) is determined by coulometry, which uses a photodetection cell to measure carbon dioxide evolved during sample acidification. Report includes percent inorganic carbon and calcium carbonate

IODP Expedition 376 Visual core description

Descriptions of samples, generally at the section half and smear slide or thin section scale, were performed by shipboard scientists and recorded in the JRSO description software. Descriptive data for both macroscopic and microscopic examination were collected in a Microscoft Excel workbook by hole. A zip file of the entire expedition's observations is also available

IODP Expedition 376 RGB channels (calculated from core photos)

Red, green, and blue pixel data were extracted from Section Half Imaging Logger (SHIL) linescan images, typically binned at 0.5 cm resolution using the central 2 cm of the image

IODP Expedition 376 Elemental analysis (CHNS)

Fundamental elemental component (total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur) fluctuations help define the origin, depositional environment, and diagenetic alteration of source materials. To determine C, H, N, and S, solid samples are reacted with a catalyst, separated by chromatography, and detected by thermal conductivity on a FlashEA 1112 CHNS elemental analyzer. Organic carbon can be directly measured on the elemental analyzer by acidification of the sample to drive off carbonate as carbon dioxide before analyzing. Total organic carbon on this report is measured rather than calculated

IODP Expedition 376 Carbonates composite report

This composite report includes data from two analyses (total carbon from Elemental analysis [CHNS], and inorganic carbon from [Coulometer]). Each row combines the CHNS and Coulometer data from measurements made on the same sample at the same time for a particular section and section offset (depth). If data do not exist for a particular expedition, the column does not appear. To identify individual samples and tests, see each separate data type (Elemental analysis and Coulometer). If the same sample was measured multiple times by any of the methods, results in the report will be combined on one line where possible. Each additional replicate result will be shown in subsequent rows and will be combined where possible. Report includes results for carbon forms: total, inorganic, calcium carbonate, and organic by difference, along with total hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur

IODP Expedition 376 Visual core description

Descriptions of samples, generally at the section half and smear slide or thin section scale, were performed by shipboard scientists and recorded in the JRSO description software. Descriptive data for both macroscopic and microscopic examination were collected in a Microscoft Excel workbook by hole. A zip file of the entire expedition's observations is also available