Apoio à família e formação parental

Enquadrado nos modelos mais actualizados, em termos de Intervenção Precoce, o envolvimento activo dos pais, no processo de intervenção com os seus filhos, surge como uma forma inequívoca de potenciar e maximizar o desenvolvimento da criança. Pese emborao facto de tais modelos apontarem para as necessidades de colaboração estreita e nivelamento das relações entre pais e profissionais (através do estabelecimento de parcerias), tal só acontecerá, de facto, se os pais melhorarem o seu nível de informação, sobre temáticas relacionadas com a saúde, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem do seu filho. A criação deste tipo de oportunidades parece-nos extremamente útil e importante para os pais, permitindo-lhes sentirem-se mais informados, e eventualmente, mais competentes, em matérias que lhes interessam particularmente (não ficando determinados tipos de informação na posse exclusiva dos técnicos).Os Programas de Formação de Pais surgem como uma excelente oportunidade de melhorar os níveis de informação e as competências educativas parentais, surgindo em vários estudos, associados a resultados bastantes positivos relativamente ao desempenho da função parental. Procedemos ao enquadramento conceptual e caracterização de um programa de formação destinado a pais de crianças com Trissomia 21 com idades compreendidas entre os 6 meses e os 5 anos, desenvolvido e aplicado na região de Lisboa

O contributo do manual escolar para a clarificação dos processos de leitura do texto literário

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Supervisão Pedagógica do Ensino do Português)O trabalho com a leitura deve ser uma prática constante. Sendo a leitura o objeto privilegiado da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, importa perceber como, na Escola, se ensina a ler e com que instrumentos. Neste âmbito, os manuais escolares constituem um dos materiais de apoio pedagógico mais apadrinhados na sala de aula, visto que reúnem uma série de caraterísticas que os tornam objeto central do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Segundo o Novo Programa de Português do Ensino Básico, (NPPEB) a escola deve formar leitores competentes, que, por iniciativa própria, escolham o que ler, segundo as suas necessidades e interesses, e que consigam estabelecer relações entre textos, lendo o que está implícito, e que, por fim, consigam emitir juízos de valor sobre a que leem. Para que isto se efetue, a escola deve promover uma prática constante de leitura de qualidade. Neste estudo, procuramos compreender até que ponto os manuais escolares de Português de 5º ano, em vigor, pela primeira vez no ano letivo de 2011/2012, adotando as diretrizes do NPPEB, integram, de facto, uma atitude de interpretação textual que vá ao encontro da construção do “leitor crítico”. Para tal, foram analisados os processos dos movimentos da compreensão da leitura com base nas atividades propostas sobre os textos literários, para avaliar a existência ou não de “progressão” no desenvolvimento da leitura. O estudo teve como objeto de análise os principais modos literários: texto narrativo (TN), texto poético (TP) e texto dramático (TD). Da análise por nós efetuada, ao invés do que diz Umberto Eco, “o texto constitui uma máquina de gerar interpretações” (Eco, 1979:15), os manuais escolares continuam a condicionar, pelos questionários de interpretação que medeiam a relação texto-aluno, leituras mais livres, transformando-as meramente em leituras legitimamente válidas.Working reading skills should be a constant practice. Once reading is the main object of Portuguese classes, it is important to understand how it is taught at school and which instruments are being used to do so. In this context, textbooks are one of the most followed pedagogical supports in the classroom as they bring together a number of features that make them the central object of the teaching – learning process. According to the Portuguese New Program for Basic Education (PNPBE), schools should train good readers, who were able to choose what to read according to their needs and interests, who would be able to establish meaning relationships between texts, inferring and, finally, could be able to make value judgments about what they read. For this to happen, school must encourage a common practice to get reading quality. In our study, we tried to understand how far the 5th grade/year Portuguese textbooks, being used for the first time in the 2011/2012 school year and adopting guidelines from PNPBE, integrate, in fact, an attitude of textual interpretation that aims the purpose of building a "critical reader." For that purpose, teaching reading comprehension processes have been analyzed based on the activities proposals on literary texts in order to see whether “progression” occurs, or not, in reading development. The main literary modes studied in Portuguese classes constituted the object of our study: the narrative, poetic and dramatic texts. With the data obtained, unlike what Umberto Eco says that "the text is a machine for bringing forth interpretations" (Eco, 1979:15), the textbooks continue to inhibit, by questionnaires interpretation that mediate the relation between the literary text and the students, freer readings into readings legitimately valid

A modified gompertz model to predict microbial inactivation under time-varying temperature conditions

Development of effective heat treatments is crucial to achieve food products safety, and predictive microbiology is an excellent tool to design adequate processing conditions. This work focuses on the application of a modified Gompertz model to describe the inactivation behaviour under time-varying temperature conditions at the surface of a food product. Kinetic studies were carried out assuming two different heating regimes, typically used in surface pasteurisation treatments, and compared with isothermal conditions. Parameters were estimated on the basis of generated pseudo-experimental data. It was concluded that the heating period greatly affects microbial inactivation and parameter estimation. If a slow heating treatment is used, the process time should be extended to achieve a given microbial load when compared to a fast heating process. This is explained by the fact that, in the slow heating rate process the temperature was below the lowest temperature for inactivation for a much longer time, in comparison with the fast heating regime. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Apoio à família e formação parental

Enquadrado nos modelos mais actualizados, em termos de Intervenção Precoce, o envolvimento activo dos pais, no processo de intervenção com os seus filhos, surge como uma forma inequívoca de potenciar e maximizar o desenvolvimento da criança. Pese embora o facto de tais modelos apontarem para as necessidades de colaboração estreita e nivelamento das relações entre pais e profissionais (através do estabelecimento de parcerias), tal só acontecerá, de facto, se os pais melhorarem o seu nível de informação, sobre temáticas relacionadas com a saúde, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem do seu filho. A criação deste tipo de oportunidades parece-nos extremamente útil e importante para os pais, permitindo-lhes sentirem-se mais informados, e eventualmente, mais competentes, em matérias que lhes interessam particularmente (não ficando determinados tipos de informação na posse exclusiva dos técnicos). Os Programas de Formação de Pais surgem como uma excelente oportunidade de melhorar os níveis de informação e as competências educativas parentais, surgindo em vários estudos, associados a resultados bastantes positivos relativamente ao desempenho da função parental. Procedemos ao enquadramento conceptual e caracterização de um programa de formação destinado a pais de crianças com Trissomia 21 com idades compreendidas entre os 6 meses e os 5 anos, desenvolvido e aplicado na região de Lisboa.Framed in the most up-to-date models of Early Intervention, the active involvement of parents in the process of intervention with their children is seen as an important way of maximising child development. Even though these models emphasise the need for close collaboration and levelling of relationships between parents and professionals (through the creation of partnerships), this will only actually happen if and when parents are given more information about issues related to the health, development and learning process of their child (so that certain types of information are not exclusive to professionals). We consider that this is extremely useful and important for parents, allowing them to feel more informed and, eventually, more competent in matters which are particularly relevant to them. Programmes of parent training are an excellent opportunity to increase and improve parents’ level of knowledge and their parental educational competences, and they appear in several studies, usually associated with very positive results in terms of performance of parental functions. Therefore, we present a characterisation of a training programme aimed at parents of children with Down syndrome aged between 6 months and 5 years, undertaken in the Lisbon region.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the use of the gompertz model to predict microbial thermal inactivation under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions

Food processes should be designed to provide an adequate margin of safety against microbiological risk of food poisoning and food spoilage throughout shelf life. In this field, the use of mathematical models that describe the microorganisms’ kinetics in such conditions is an important tool for convenient design, control and optimization of efficient processes. If those models are accurate and precise, one can extract the best aiming at predictive purposes. The Gompertz equation is commonly applied to describe sigmoidal kinetics. Besides the proven adequacy of the model in those kinetics descriptions, most of the reported works do not use Gompertz equation in the most convenient form, and insightful information could be obtained with re-parameterized forms. This work aims at reviewing the use of the Gompertz model to describe inactivation, as well as re-parameterized forms that include parameters related to the survival curve features. Microbial survival often presents a shoulder prior to inactivation, followed by a linear phase (corresponding to a maximum inactivation rate) and a tail residual population. The versatility of the Gompertz model in describing kinetics with different shapes, varying from a log-linear tendency till a complete sigmoidal shape, makes it attractive for predictive purposes, both under static and dynamic temperature conditions. Drawbacks and critical features of the model, when it is applied to microbial responses, will be overview.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Predictions of microbial thermal inactivation in solid foods: isothermal and non-isothermal conditions

This work focuses on the use of the Gompertz-inspired model to predict the thermal inactivation behaviour of microorganisms obtained in solid food products, validated for isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Experiments were carried out in parsley, artificially inoculated with Listeria innocua. For the isothermal conditions tested, the predictive ability of the model was confined. The higher the temperature, the higher deviations observed (i.e. the model underestimates the inactivation behaviour). However, for the non-isothermal condition tested, the model predicted the microbial response accurately

Sigmoidal thermal inactivation kinetics of listeria innocua in broth: Influence of strain and growth phase

Listeria innocua inactivation was studied within the temperature range 52.5–65.0 ºC, comparing two different strains (10528 and 2030c) and two growth phases (exponential and stationary). Survival curves may present a sigmoidal behaviour, with an initial shoulder (L), followed by a maximum inactivation rate (kmax) period and a final tailing tendency. A Gompertz-inspired model was used to fit experimental data, and kinetic parameters (L, kmax and tail) were estimated by non-linear regression analysis. The influence of temperature, growth phase and strain on kinetic parameters was studied using a 23 factorial experimental design. Results showed that temperature and growth phase were the most significant variables affecting the kinetic parameters. Listeria thermal inactivation varied from a log-linear tendency till a pronounced sigmoidal behaviour, depending on the studied factors

Influence of pH, type of acid and recovery media on the thermal inactivation of listeria innocua

Acidification of foods with organic acids, either by fermentation or by intentional addition, is an important and common mechanism for controlling foodborne pathogens in a diversity of food products. The objective of this work was to study thermal inactivation of Listeria innocua, an acid tolerant microorganism, at 52.5, 60.0 and 65.0 °C, at different pH values (4.5, 6.0 and 7.5), using three types of acid (lactic, acetic and hydrochloric) and three different plating media (Tryptic Soy Agar with 0.6% yeast extract—TSAYE; TSAYE plus 5% NaCl—TSAYE+5%NaCl; and Palcam Agar with selective supplement—Palcam Agar), according to a 34 factorial experimental design. Survival data experimentally obtained were fitted with a Gompertz-inspired model and kinetic parameters (shoulder, maximum inactivation rate—kmax, and tail) were estimated for all conditions considered. The influence of temperature, pH, type of acid and enumeration media on kinetic parameters was assessed. Results showed that, with the exception of the type of acid, all the remaining factors and their combinations significantly affected the shoulder period and kmax. In relation to tail, temperature and recovery media were the affectable factors. It was concluded that the survival of this bacteria is higher when combining low temperature with neutral pH, and when TSAYE is the enumeration medium. Bigelow-inspired models were successfully developed and describe accurately the temperature and pH effects on the kinetic parameters