CRITERIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTITIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Objective: This study aimed to compare four radiographic methods for interpreting the periodontitis in epidemiological studies on associations with systemic conditions.Methods: A database from a case-control study evaluating the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was used to compare four different radiographic criteria (RC) with the clinical criteria (CC) for interpreting the presence of periodontal disease (PD): RC-1, one tooth; RC-2, at least two teeth; RC-3, at least three teeth; RC-4, at least four teeth, with one or more sites on the mesial or distal face presenting bone loss ≥ 3 mm, in relation to the cement-enamel junction. PD frequency and diagnostic values were calculated, along with the main association measurements (odds ratios), for the two criteria presenting highest specificity.Results: PD frequency varied according to the RC used, from 76.6% to 95.6%. RC-4 and RC-3 presented the highest specificity (30.5% and 21.0%, respectively). The sensitivity was 100% for all criteria tested. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for RC-3 and RC-4 ranged from 1.13 to 1.52, without statistical significance.Conclusions: The findings showed that PD frequency may be influenced by different RCs, as well as indicating variation in the strength of the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis.

Comportamento Suicida na Infância e Adolescência: Educar e Cuidar para Prevenir / Suicidal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence: Educating and Caring to Prevent

Objetivo: Compreender os fatores de risco para prevenção do comportamento suicida na infância e adolescência, bem como a magnitude desse evento na população infantojuvenil. Revisão Bibliográfica: O suicídio é um problema de saúde pública que pode acometer todas as faixas etárias, entretanto, quando acontece no período da infância e adolescência, o tema em questão torna-se ainda mais estigmatizado. Motivo pelo qual o presente trabalho é de extrema relevância. Longe de gerar a imposição do medo por alarmismo, esta pesquisa cumpre o papel de atentar a população em geral para a necessidade de identificar os fatores de risco e saber atuar como agentes ativos na luta em prol da vida. Considerações Finais: Embora a subnotificação e a escassez de dados pertinentes à temática gerem dificuldade para estudo do problema, detectar fatores de risco e conhecer as medidas de prevenção é de suma importância para redução dos índices de suicídio na faixa etária infanto-juvenil. 

A influência do HPV como fator de risco para o carcinoma epidermoide bucal

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCB) is a type of malignant neoplasm, considered one of the tumors with the highest incidence rate in the Brazilian population, corresponding to 90% to 95% of cancer cases affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that has an affinity for epithelial tissue, comprises several subtypes and is often associated with the formation of benign and malignant neoplasms. Objective: Therefore, the present research aims to address the correlation between CEB and HPV. Methodology: The study consists of a literature review, based on scientific articles searched in the Scielo, PubMed/Medline and LILACS databases, using the descriptors: "Human Papillomavirus"; "Oral Neoplasms" and "Dentistry". Original articles, literature reviews, and case reports in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included, without taking into account the periods of publication. Results: HPV has some virus subtypes that are related to benign lesions and others with carcinogenic potential. The latter is directly linked to the protein encoded by the E2 gene, which inhibits the expression of the E6 and E7 genes, which are active in cell immortalization. The absence of these genes results in excessive and unregulated cellular degradation, which favors the accumulation of mutations and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations. Conclusion: There is a need for more specific studies to understand the role of HPV as a carcinogen. Despite the diversity of factors seen in the literature, there are still no conclusive studies relating HPV as a risk factor for oral carcinoma. Keywords:  Human Papillomavirus; Oral Neoplasms; Dentistry.Introdução: O carcinoma epidermoide bucal (CEB) é um tipo de neoplasia maligna, considerada um dos tumores com maior taxa de incidência na população brasileira, correspondendo de 90% a 95% dos casos de câncer que acometem a cavidade oral e orofaringe. O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é um vírus que possui afinidade pelo tecido epitelial, compreende diversos subtipos e frequentemente é associado à formação de neoplasias benignas e malignas. Objetivo: Diante disso, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a correlação entre o CEB e o HPV. Metodologia: O estudo constitui-se de uma revisão de literatura, baseada em artigos científicos pesquisados nos bancos de dados Scielo, PubMed/Medline e LILACS, através dos descritores: “Papilomavírus Humano”; “Neoplasias Bucais” e “Odontologia”. Foram incluídos artigos originais, revisões de literatura e relatos de caso em português, inglês e espanhol, sem levar em consideração os períodos de publicação. Resultado: O HPV possui alguns subtipos de vírus que se relacionam com lesões benignas e outros com potencial carcinogênico. Esse último está diretamente ligado à proteína codificada pelo gene E2 que inibe a expressão dos genes E6 e E7, atuantes na imortalização celular. A inexistência desses genes resulta em uma uma degradação celular excessiva e desregulada, que favorece o acúmulo de mutações e a ocorrência de aberrações cromossômicas. Conclusão: É preciso que haja mais estudos específicos que permitam a compreensão da atuação do HPV como agente carcinogênico. Apesar da diversidade de fatores vistos na literatura, ainda não há estudos conclusivos relacionando o HPV como fator de risco para o carcinoma oral

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

CRITERIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTITIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Objective: This study aimed to compare four radiographic methods for interpreting the periodontitis in epidemiological studies on associations with systemic conditions.Methods: A database from a case-control study evaluating the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was used to compare four different radiographic criteria (RC) with the clinical criteria (CC) for interpreting the presence of periodontal disease (PD): RC-1, one tooth; RC-2, at least two teeth; RC-3, at least three teeth; RC-4, at least four teeth, with one or more sites on the mesial or distal face presenting bone loss ≥ 3 mm, in relation to the cement-enamel junction. PD frequency and diagnostic values were calculated, along with the main association measurements (odds ratios), for the two criteria presenting highest specificity.Results: PD frequency varied according to the RC used, from 76.6% to 95.6%. RC-4 and RC-3 presented the highest specificity (30.5% and 21.0%, respectively). The sensitivity was 100% for all criteria tested. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for RC-3 and RC-4 ranged from 1.13 to 1.52, without statistical significance.Conclusions: The findings showed that PD frequency may be influenced by different RCs, as well as indicating variation in the strength of the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis.

Design of Liquid Formulation Based on F127-Loaded Natural Dimeric Flavonoids as a New Perspective Treatment for Leishmaniasis

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (IPD) remain a challenge for medicine due to several interconnected reasons, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an overlooked IPD causing persistent skin ulcers that are challenging to heal, resulting in disfiguring scars. Moreover, it has the potential to extend from the skin to the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat in both humans and various animals. Given the limited effectiveness and AMR of current drugs, the exploration of new substances has emerged as a promising alternative for ATL treatment. Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC). Bureau is a native Brazilian plant rich in dimeric flavonoids, including Brachydin (BRA), which displays antimicrobial activity, but still little has been explored regarding the development of therapeutic formulations. In this work, we present the design of a low-cost liquid formulation based on the use of Pluronic F127 for encapsulation of high BRA concentration (LF-B500). The characterization techniques revealed that BRA-loaded F127 micelles are well-stabilized in an unusual worm-like form. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that LF-B500 was non-toxic to macrophages but efficient in the inactivation of forms of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with IC50 of 16.06 µg/mL. The results demonstrated that LF-B500 opened a new perspective on the use of liquid formulation-based natural products for ATL treatment

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data