Effective Field Theories for Heavy Quarkonium

We briefly review how nonrelativistic effective field theories give us a definition of the QCD potentials and a coherent field theory derived quantum mechanical scheme to calculate the properties of bound states made by two or more heavy quarks. In this framework heavy quarkonium properties depend only on the QCD parameters (quark masses and \als) and nonpotential corrections are systematically accounted for. The relation between the form of the nonperturbative potentials and the low energy QCD dynamics is also discussed.Comment: Invited Plenary talk at The 20th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics. September 10-14 2007. Pisa, Italy. To be published on Few-Body System

Three-body relativistic flux tube model from QCD Wilson-loop approach

First we review the derivation of the relativistic flux tube model for a quark-antiquark system from Wilson area law as we have given in a preceding paper. Then we extend the method to the three-quark case and obtain a Lagrangian corresponding to a star flux tube configuration. A Hamiltonian can be explicitly constructed as an expansion in $1 / m^2$ or in the string tension $\sigma$. In the first case it reproduces the Wilson loop three-quark semirelativistic potential; in the second one, very complicated in general, but it reproduces known string models for slowly rotating quarks.Comment: 14 pages, latex, uses elsart.sty, 2 figures available upon reques

The Role of the QCD Vacuum in the Heavy-Quark Bound State Dynamics

The effective field theory approach allows a rigorous disentangling of high and low energy effects in the heavy quarkonium dynamics. Focusing in particular on the spectrum, we describe the nature of the non-perturbative effects and discuss our present knowledge of them.Comment: Invited talk presented at the Fifth Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, 3-7 January 2000; 9 pages, sprocl.st

The qqˉq \bar{q} relativistic interaction in the Wilson loop approach

We study the $q \bar{q}$ relativistic interaction starting from the Feynman-Schwinger representation of the gauge-invariant quark-antiquark Green function. We focus on the one-body limit and discuss the obtained non-perturbative interaction kernel of the Dirac equation.Comment: 5 pages, Latex (espcrc2.sty) To be published in the proceedings of High-Energy Physics International Euroconference on Quantum Chromodynamics:QCD97; 25th Anniversary of QCD, Montpellier, France, 3-9 July 199

Effective field theories for baryons with two- and three-heavy quarks

Baryons made of two or three heavy quarks can be described in the modern language of non-relativistic effective field theories. These, besides allowing a rigorous treatment of the systems, provide new insight in the nature of the three-body interaction in QCD.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure; published versio

The 1P quarkonium fine splittings at NLO

We calculate the 1P heavy quarkonium fine splittings at NLO and discuss the impact of the calculation on the chi_b(1P) splittings.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

α_S1-casein in goat milk: identification of genetic variants by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis compared to Isoelectric Focusing

AlphaS1 casein fraction in caprine milk is characterized by an important polymorphism due to substitution, deletion of amino acids and post trascriptional modifications (Grosclaude et al., 1994; Ferranti et al., 1997). This structural polymorphism is associated to a quantitative variability in protein expression related to different milk quality and dairy properties (Pierre et al., 1998; Remeuf, 1993; Vassal et al., 1994). Classical electrophoretic methods were applied to characterize the phenotypic variants at αS1-casein fraction (Addeo et al., 1988; Russo et al., 1986). During the last ten years capillary electrophoresis became an analytical technique for rapid and automated analysis requiring small sample volume and small solvent waste. These characteristics, together with the high resolution and the chance to give quantitative results, made this technique a useful tool in studying milk protein characterization and in detecting adulteration (Cattaneo et al., 1996a; 1996b) in different application fields. CZE was applied to the study of caprine milk proteins to quantify high, medium and low αS1- casein content and to identify genetic variants αS1 A, B and C on the basis of their different migration time (Recio et al., 1997). The aim of this work was to test a CZE procedure able to identify and discriminate the main αS1 caprine variants A, B, E and F through specific and repeatable electromigration patterns. Comparison between CZE and IEF assays is discussed

Heavy Quarkonium Physics from Effective Field Theories

I review recent progress in heavy quarkonium physics from an effective field theory perspective. In this unifying framework, I discuss advances in perturbative calculations for low-lying quarkonium observables and in lattice calculations for high-lying ones, and progress and lasting puzzles in quarkonium production.Comment: Plenary talk at the 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics (QNP06), 5-10 June 2006, Madrid, Spain; 6 pages, 1 figure, EPJ styl