Poesía, destrucción, reconstrucción: Trilce XXXVI, ¿el primer ars politica de César Vallejo?

Via a rereading of the poem «XXXVI» by César Vallejo, this article explores the connections between this earlier poem, and Vallejo’s later poetry. The most prominent theme in this relation is the presence in each of the poems under discussion, of the process of redistribution. Indeed, this process is not only mentioned or implicated by the poems on a semiotic and metaphoric level; redistribution is imbricated in the language and axiology of the poems, at the fundamental level of their linguistic and grammatical formation. This article examines how this process, nascent and more metaphysical in «XXXVI», becomes an integral element of the poetic socialism of Vallejo’s final poems, those which present, most explicitly and powerfully, his radical vision.A través de una relectura del poema «XXXVI» de César Vallejo, este artículo explora las conexiones entre esta obra más temprana y la poesía posterior de Vallejo. El tema más prominente de esta relación es la presencia en todos los poemas de un proceso de redistribución. De hecho, este proceso no solo es mencionado o implicado por los poemas en el nivel de significación y metáfora; la redistribución es imbricada en el lenguaje y en la axiología de los poemas, al nivel fundamental de su formación lingüística y gramática. Este artículo examina cómo este proceso, naciente y más metafísico en «XXXVI», deviene un elemento integral en el socialismo poético de los últimos poemas de Vallejo, que presentan su visión radical más explícita y poderosamente

Glutamate regulation for bone repair

These data show for the first time that EAATs are functional in human osteoblasts and that inhibition of their activity can modulate the osteoblast bone-forming phenotype. Manipulation of these mechanically regulated glutamate transporters may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of fractures and disorders such as osteoporosis.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Glutamate regulation for bone repair

Mechanical loading plays a key role in the physiology of bone, allowing bone to functionally adapt to its environment. A screen for genes associated with mechanical load-induced bone formation identified the glutamate transporter GLAST, implicating the excitatory amino acid glutamate in the mechanoresponse. Bone cells express functional components from each stage of the glutamate signalling pathway. Five high affinity Na+-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) terminate glutamatergic signalling. EAAT1 (GLAST) is expressed by osteocytes and bone-forming osteoblasts in vivo, and may influence osteogenesis by regulating glutamate uptake, glutamate release, glutamate-gated ion channel activity or through activation of intracellular signalling pathways. The aim was to assess EAAT expression and function in osteoblasts and determine whether modulation of EAAT activities in osteoblasts influences differentiation and bone forming activity through measurement of cell number, gene expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralisation

César Vallejo solidario: Metonymy, secular transubstantiation, and socialist utopia

This article explores two grammatical characteristics, metonymy and metaphor, in relation to two central themes: the melancholy of death and solidarity between men, as they appear and work together in César Vallejo’s poetry. I propose that in Vallejo’s poetics there is a cooperation between metaphor and metonymy, in the sense that the metonymic connection between linguistic elements works in the poetry as a system that metaphorises the world as a totality of connections in flux. This article suggests that these systems of interconnection and interdependence —both linguistic and physical— are very similar to the scientificophilosophical (that is, Epicurean) system of Lucretius’s De Rerum Natura. This comparison, I conclude, is important for a renewed comprehension of the political and secular worldview of solidarity as it appears in Vallejo’s work.Este artículo explora dos características gramaticales, metonimia y metáfora, en relación con dos temas centrales: la melancolía de la muerte y la solidaridad entre los hombres, y cómo estos aparecen y funcionan juntos en la poesía de César Vallejo. Propongo que en la poética de Vallejo existe una cooperación entre metáfora y metonimia, en el sentido de que la conexión metonimical entre los elementos lingüísticos funciona en esta poesía como un sistema que metaforiza el mundo en todas sus conexiones en movimiento. Este artículo sugiere que estos sistemas de interconexión e interdependencia —lingüístico y físico— son muy similares al sistema científico-filosófico (es decir, epicureano) del De Rerum Natura, de Lucrecio. Esta comparación —concluyo— es importante para una comprensión renovada de la cosmovisión política y secular de la solidaridad, como aparece en la obra de Vallejo

The impact of COVID-19-related living restrictions on eating behaviours in children and adolescents: a systematic review

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the imposition of physical and social distancing measures worldwide. Emerging data suggest that younger age groups may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse mental health impacts of the pandemic. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an unprecedented increase in demand for child and adolescent eating disorder services. The aim of this review was to systematically review and appraise the current literature on the impact of COVID-19-related living restrictions on the eating behaviours of children and adolescents. Searches of eight electronic databases were conducted in March 2021 and December 2021 for published and grey literature on eating behaviours of population samples of children and adolescents (aged 18 months to 18 years old) who were exposed to COVID-19-related living restrictions. Of 3165 retrieved references, sixteen studies were included in this review, comprising data from 125, 286 participants. There was a pattern towards healthier eating behaviours among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, young people from lower socioeconomic groups showed a tendency towards more unhealthy eating behaviours, and there was an association between mood difficulties and greater changes in eating; this suggests that such groups may be more vulnerable to the adverse health consequences of lockdowns

Gone Too Soon: priorities for action to prevent premature mortality associated with mental illness and mental distress

Globally, too many people die prematurely from suicide and the physical comorbidities associated with mental illness and mental distress. The purpose of this Review is to mobilise the translation of evidence into prioritised actions that reduce this inequity. The mental health research charity, MQ Mental Health Research, convened an international panel that used roadmapping methods and review evidence to identify key factors, mechanisms, and solutions for premature mortality across the social–ecological system. We identified 12 key overarching risk factors and mechanisms, with more commonalities than differences across the suicide and physical comorbidities domains. We also identified 18 actionable solutions across three organising principles: the integration of mental and physical health care; the prioritisation of prevention while strengthening treatment; and the optimisation of intervention synergies across social–ecological levels and the intervention cycle. These solutions included accessible, integrated high-quality primary care; early life, workplace, and community-based interventions co-designed by the people they should serve; decriminalisation of suicide and restriction of access to lethal means; stigma reduction; reduction of income, gender, and racial inequality; and increased investment. The time to act is now, to rebuild health-care systems, leverage changes in funding landscapes, and address the effects of stigma, discrimination, marginalisation, gender violence, and victimisation

Novel Genetic Variants are Associated With Increased Vertebral Volumetric BMD, Reduced Vertebral Fracture Risk, and Increased Expression of SCL1A3 and EPHB2

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed numerous loci for areal bone mineral density (aBMD). We completed the first GWAS meta-analysis (n=15,275) of lumbar spine volumetric BMD (vBMD) measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), allowing for examination of the trabecular bone compartment. SNPs that were significantly associated with vBMD were also examined in two GWAS meta-analyses to determine associations with morphometric vertebral fracture (n=21,701) and clinical vertebral fracture (n=5893). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses of iliac crest biopsies were performed in 84 postmenopausal women, and murine osteoblast expression of genes implicated by eQTL or by proximity to vBMD-associated SNPs was examined. We identified significant vBMD associations with five loci, including: 1p36.12, containing WNT4 and ZBTB40; 8q24, containing TNFRSF11B; and 13q14, containing AKAP11 and TNFSF11. Two loci (5p13 and 1p36.12) also contained associations with radiographic and clinical vertebral fracture, respectively. In 5p13, rs2468531 (minor allele frequency [MAF]=3%) was associated with higher vBMD (β=0.22, p=1.9×10-8) and decreased risk of radiographic vertebral fracture (odds ratio [OR]=0.75; false discovery rate [FDR] p=0.01). In 1p36.12, rs12742784 (MAF=21%) was associated with higher vBMD (β=0.09, p=1.2×10-10) and decreased risk of clinical vertebral fracture (OR=0.82; FDR p=7.4×10-4). Both SNPs are noncoding and were associated with increased mRNA expression levels in human bone biopsies: rs2468531 with SLC1A3 (β=0.28, FDR p=0.01, involved in glutamate signaling and osteogenic response to mechanical loading) and rs12742784 with EPHB2 (β=0.12, FDR p=1.7×10-3, functions in bone-related ephrin signaling). Both genes are expressed in murine osteoblasts. This is the first study to link SLC1A3 and EPHB2 to clinically relevant vertebral osteoporosis phenotypes. These results may help elucidate vertebral bone biology and novel approaches to reducing vertebral fracture incidence

A novel approach to residential care: a case study

Lucy and Mark Brakspear discuss the benefits of adopting a therapeutic community within care settings. Implementing care, compassion, respect and equality can be very effective in managing people with mental health problems </jats:p