Optimization of Road Line Passenger Transport in Interurban Traffic

U diplomskom radu pomoću definirane metodologija rada, izrađen je snimak i detaljna analiza 14 autobusnih linija na kojima se prevoze putnici između Zagreba i Osijeka u cestovnom prometu. Snimak i analiza provedena je kroz: putničku potražnju, tehnički, tehnološki, organizacijski i ekonomski sustav. Na temelju provede analize predmetnih linija, utvrđene su mjere i dati savjeti za optimizaciju poslovanja predmetnih prijevoznika. Cilj optimizacije u transportu s gledišta tehnologije prijevoza putnika u cestovnom prometu je ostvariti uštede u poslovanju te time maksimizirati prihode, a minimizirati rashode, tj. troškove te povećati kvalitetu prijevozne usluge na zadovoljstvo korisnika i prijevoznika. Takvim način poslovanja postiže se mogućnost ostvarenja ili zadržavanja konkurentske prednosti nad ostalim prijevoznicima koji prevoze putnike između Zagreba i Osijeka.In thesis with help of defined work methodology, is developed footage and detailed analysis of the 14 bus lines on which the passengers are being transported between Zagreb and Osijek by road traffic. Footage and analysis is conducted through: passenger demand, technical, technological, organizational and economic system. After conducted analysis of subject lines, the concrete measures and optimization advices of bussines of transport subject are brought. The goal of optimization in transport from tehnology view of passengers transport by road traffic is to achive significant savings in business, and maximize incomes, and minimize expensives, and to increase the quality of transport service on behalf of users and carriers. With this type of business the possibility of achievement or retaining rival advantage on other carriers which transport passengers between Zagreb and Osijek is achieved

Efficiency Analysis of Bus Transportation Processes between Zagreb and Split

U završnom radu analizira se učinkovitost autobusnog prijevoza putnika između Sjeverozapadne i Južne Hrvatske, odnosno između Zagreba i Splita kao dva najveća grada. Istražuje se kvaliteta prijevozne usluge i prijevozna potražnja, u smislu starosne strukture putnika. Provedena je usporedna analiza prijevoznika i značajki korištenih autobusa. Vrednovanje učinkovitosti prijevoznih procesa provedeno je pomoću kriterija prosječnih brzina kretanja, učestalosti polazaka, intervala i prijevozne sposobnosti linija.In the final work analyzed the efficiency of the bus passenger transport between Northwest and South Croatian, respectively between Zagreb and Split as the two largest cities. Examines the quality of transport services and transport demand, in terms of age structure of the passenger. We conducted a comparative analysis of the carrier and the features used buses. Evaluation of the efficiency of transport processes was conducted using criteria of average speed, frequency of departures, intervals and transport ability lines

Optimization of Road Line Passenger Transport in Interurban Traffic

U diplomskom radu pomoću definirane metodologija rada, izrađen je snimak i detaljna analiza 14 autobusnih linija na kojima se prevoze putnici između Zagreba i Osijeka u cestovnom prometu. Snimak i analiza provedena je kroz: putničku potražnju, tehnički, tehnološki, organizacijski i ekonomski sustav. Na temelju provede analize predmetnih linija, utvrđene su mjere i dati savjeti za optimizaciju poslovanja predmetnih prijevoznika. Cilj optimizacije u transportu s gledišta tehnologije prijevoza putnika u cestovnom prometu je ostvariti uštede u poslovanju te time maksimizirati prihode, a minimizirati rashode, tj. troškove te povećati kvalitetu prijevozne usluge na zadovoljstvo korisnika i prijevoznika. Takvim način poslovanja postiže se mogućnost ostvarenja ili zadržavanja konkurentske prednosti nad ostalim prijevoznicima koji prevoze putnike između Zagreba i Osijeka.In thesis with help of defined work methodology, is developed footage and detailed analysis of the 14 bus lines on which the passengers are being transported between Zagreb and Osijek by road traffic. Footage and analysis is conducted through: passenger demand, technical, technological, organizational and economic system. After conducted analysis of subject lines, the concrete measures and optimization advices of bussines of transport subject are brought. The goal of optimization in transport from tehnology view of passengers transport by road traffic is to achive significant savings in business, and maximize incomes, and minimize expensives, and to increase the quality of transport service on behalf of users and carriers. With this type of business the possibility of achievement or retaining rival advantage on other carriers which transport passengers between Zagreb and Osijek is achieved

Analiza harmoničkog signala s gledišta računske učinkovitosti

This paper proposes an actual implementation of a well-known method for spectral analysis of signals composed of harmonically related sine waves. The method itself requires computations which carried out directly according to the theoretical formulas do not yield computationally efficient implementation. Thus, utilizing matrix factorizations and mathematical "shortcuts", several algorithms have been developed, which perform computations efficiently and make the method suitable for large-scale applications. Implementation details are clearly explained both theoretically and from computational point of view, and the achieved improvements have been proven by extensive simulations. Particular calculations applied will be equally efficient in all similar problems, which renders the proposed routines into widely useful building blocks.U članku se opisuje nekoliko računski učinkovitih algoritama za primjenu dobro poznate i prihvaćene metode za analizu spektra signala sastavljenog od harmoničkih valova. Metoda zahtijeva proračune čija provedba izravno po formulama koje opisuju teorijsku pozadinu postupka vodi u računski neučinkovite algoritme, stoga se koristeći faktorizacije matrica i neke matematičke "prečice" postupno razvijaju učinkoviti algoritmi primjenjivi i u analizama s velikim brojem uzoraka i sastavnica signala. Poboljšanja su jasno objašnjena i teorijski i s gledišta primjene, a dokazuju se opsežnim simulacijama. Posebni načini izračunavanja pojedinih matematičkih izraza primjenjivi su i u drugim sličnim problemima, što ih čini zanimljivim i važnim u raznim područjima znanosti

Static eccentricity fault detection method for electrical rotating machines based on the magnetic field analysis in the air gap by measuring coils

Electrical rotating machines have a great economic significance as they enable conversion of energy between mechanical and electrical state. Reliability and operation safety of these machines can be greatly improved by implementation of continuous condition monitoring and supervisory systems. Especially important feature of such systems is the ability of early fault detection. For this reason, several methods for detection and diagnosis of the machine faults have been developed and designed. As fault detection methods can largely differ in the types of detectable faults, machine adoptability and price of the system, a novel method was developed that can be used for cost-effective detection of various faults of electrical machine. Machine fault detection technique presented in this paper is based on the measurement of magnetic field in the air gap. Numerous studies have proven that crucial information about the machine condition can be determined based on measurement and analysis of the magnetic field in the air gap. It has also been confirmed that analysis of the air gap magnetic field can be used to detect, diagnose and recognize various electrical faults in their very early stage. Proposed method of positioning and installation of the measuring coils on ferromagnetic core parts within the air gap region of the machine enables differentiation of various faults. Furthermore, different faults can be detected if measuring coils are placed on the stator teeth then when placed on the rotor side. The paper presents method on how to analyse and process the measured voltages acquired from measuring coils placed within the machine, especially in the case of rotor static eccentricity detection. The methodology is explained by means of finite element method (FEM) calculations and verified by measurements that were performed on the induction machine. FEM calculation model was used to predict measurement coil output of the induction motor for healthy and various faulty states (at different amounts of static eccentricity). These results were then confirmed by measurements performed in the laboratory on the induction traction motor that was specially modified to enable measurements of faulty operation states of the machine. Measurements comprised of several machine fault conditions broken one rotor bar, broken multiple rotor bars, broken rotor end ring and various levels of rotor static eccentricity. Other methods used for faults detection are primarily based on the monitoring of quantities such as current and vibration and their harmonic analysis. This new system is based on the tracing the changes of induced voltage of the measuring coils installed on the stator teeth. Faults can be detected and differentiated based on RMS value of these voltages and the number of voltage spikes of voltage waveform i.e. without the need of harmonic analyses. If these coils are installed on the rotor it is possible to detect the stator winding faults in a similar manner

Analysis of the Impact of Transport Corridor Vc on the Port of Ploče

The importance of the Port of Ploče lies in serving the majority of the Bosnian market. However, the Pan-European Corridor Vc provides access to a much wider market in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The purpose of this paper is to express views on the future development of the Corridor and its consequential impact on the Port. This was conducted by means of analysis, comparison, and synthesis of cargo flow data and the dynamics data of the Corridor Vc construction. It covers the relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and the Republic of Croatia, and the assessment of importance of the Corridor in those countries. Statistical indicators show the importance of the Corridor completion for the successful execution of port development plans. The analysis of the Corridor status points to the current prevailing circumstances in BiH that make its realization ultimately uncertain, especially its railway component. The findings show that the most significant obstacles for a successful realization of Port of Ploče development plans are not only within the BiH internal geo-political relationships but in the disputes between BiH and the Republic of Croatia (RH) as well. Consequently, it has been shown that the Port of Ploče is not able to define and carry out the necessary measures toward BiH on its own but necessarily with the participation of the RH Government. The analysis offers observations and recommendations for improving relations with BiH, which would significantly advance the completion of the Corridor in BiH. In this way, it would allow for a full establishment of the Port of Ploče on target markets

Gigantski liposarkom mezenterija miješanog tipa

Primary mesenteric liposarcomas are very rare, especially when they are of mixed histologic pattern. Patient prognosis is based upon the most aggressive histologic type of liposarcoma. A case is reported of a 77-year-old man with a history of slowly increasing abdominal volume over 3 years. The diagnosis of giant intra-abdominal mass suspect of liposarcoma was confirmed by computed tomography and ultrasound scans. The patient underwent resection of 24 tumor masses weighing together 23.5 kg. The microscopic diagnosis was mixed-type liposarcoma of the mesentery. Although this type of tumor is rare, tumor tissue should be thoroughly collected and analyzed on histologic examination to reach definitive diagnosis. Recognition of the underappreciated subtype of liposarcoma is important for proper prognosis and treatment of the patient. According to our knowledge, this is the largest size of mixed-type mesenteric liposarcoma described in the English literature.Primarni liposarkomi mezenterija su rijetki, osobito ako su miješanog histološkog izgleda. Prognoza pacijenta ovisi o najagresivnijem histološkom tipu liposarkoma. Prikazujemo slučaj 77. godišnjeg muškarca s anamnezom spororastućeg volumena abdomena tijekom 3 godine. Dijagnoza ogromne intra-abdominalne mase suspektne na liposarkom potvrđena je CT-om i ultrazvukom. Pacijentu su resecirane 24 tumorske mase koje su zajedno težile 23.5 kg. Histološka dijagnoza je bila miješani tip liposarkoma mezenterija. Iako je ovaj tip tumora rijedak, tumorsko tkivo treba pomno preuzeti i pregledati histološki kako bi se postavila ispravna zaključna dijagnoza. Pronalazak nepovoljnog tipa liposarkoma je važan zbog točne prognoze i daljnjeg liječenja pacijenta. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je najveći opisani liposarkom mezenterija miješanog tipa u engleskoj literaturi

Gigantski liposarkom mezenterija miješanog tipa

Primary mesenteric liposarcomas are very rare, especially when they are of mixed histologic pattern. Patient prognosis is based upon the most aggressive histologic type of liposarcoma. A case is reported of a 77-year-old man with a history of slowly increasing abdominal volume over 3 years. The diagnosis of giant intra-abdominal mass suspect of liposarcoma was confirmed by computed tomography and ultrasound scans. The patient underwent resection of 24 tumor masses weighing together 23.5 kg. The microscopic diagnosis was mixed-type liposarcoma of the mesentery. Although this type of tumor is rare, tumor tissue should be thoroughly collected and analyzed on histologic examination to reach definitive diagnosis. Recognition of the underappreciated subtype of liposarcoma is important for proper prognosis and treatment of the patient. According to our knowledge, this is the largest size of mixed-type mesenteric liposarcoma described in the English literature.Primarni liposarkomi mezenterija su rijetki, osobito ako su miješanog histološkog izgleda. Prognoza pacijenta ovisi o najagresivnijem histološkom tipu liposarkoma. Prikazujemo slučaj 77. godišnjeg muškarca s anamnezom spororastućeg volumena abdomena tijekom 3 godine. Dijagnoza ogromne intra-abdominalne mase suspektne na liposarkom potvrđena je CT-om i ultrazvukom. Pacijentu su resecirane 24 tumorske mase koje su zajedno težile 23.5 kg. Histološka dijagnoza je bila miješani tip liposarkoma mezenterija. Iako je ovaj tip tumora rijedak, tumorsko tkivo treba pomno preuzeti i pregledati histološki kako bi se postavila ispravna zaključna dijagnoza. Pronalazak nepovoljnog tipa liposarkoma je važan zbog točne prognoze i daljnjeg liječenja pacijenta. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je najveći opisani liposarkom mezenterija miješanog tipa u engleskoj literaturi

Proaktivno-reaktivno vremensko raspoređivanje na projektima sa zahtjevima fleksibilnosti i kvalitete

Due to the increasing complexity of real projects and well documented problems with efficiency and performance of current scheduling procedures, there has been growing research into stochastic project scheduling. Most of the procedures for stochastic scheduling focus only on regular performance measures, i.e. non-decreasing functions with increasing time, such as the makespan and project tardiness. Such procedures aim to optimize the compliance with the due dates. As a consequence of increases in projects' complexity, not many of them are executed completely in-house and the synchronization between project collaborators is very important. Some project activities are outsourced and many activities require resources that need to be acquired from suppliers during the project run-time. Every increased synchronization effort due to sudden changes, such as longer than anticipated activity duration, results in increased project costs and delays that pose risk to the project success. Baseline schedules are used as a mean of synchronization between the project collaborators. Proactive schedules make for good baseline schedules as they have built-in desired amount of safety, making schedule feasible in a wide range of events. Considerable research was conducted on stability measure which aims at creating proactive baseline schedules that in expectation deviate the least from actually realized schedule. There have been attempts at rescheduling the baseline schedule during the project execution in order to increase its degree of proactivity while using the schedule stability measure, but only with moderate success. Stability measure, apparently, introduces rigid constraints that disable changes to the baseline schedule except during the activity start. Such changes could reduce future rescheduling costs and are commonly heuristically used by project managers. This dissertation presents a new family of robustness measures, a Cost-based flexibility (CBF) which introduces dependency of rescheduling costs on the temporal distance of the baseline schedule change. A mathematical model of our problem of interest was created which describes the need for collaborators synchronization and aims to comply with the due dates. As objective functions containing CBF are not necessarily regular and the existing theory does not cover that case, theoretical foundations are laid out. Exact solving procedure, as well as the two heuristic procedures are presented. Developed computational prototype was used to obtain experimental data regarding performances of the two heuristic procedures in comparison to the selected (currently best performing) benchmark originally constructed to work with the stability measure. The results show that our algorithms substantially outperform the benchmark algorithm. In conclusion, CBF measure, unlike stability measure, enables proactive rescheduling.Povećanje složenosti stvarnih projekata te zabilježeni problemi efikasnosti i performansi trenutnih procedura za raspoređivanje, razlog su povećanom istraživanju u raspoređivanju na stohastičkim projektima. Većina je procedura za stohastičko raspoređivanje fokusirana na regularne mjere performanse, tj. funkcije čija se vrijednost ne smanjuje porastom proteklog vremena, poput trajanja i kašnjenja projekta. Takve procedure optimiraju poštivanje rokova. Zbog povećanja složenosti projekata, oni uglavnom nisu u potpunosti izvedeni unutar tvrtke izvoditelja projekta, stoga je sinkronizacija među suradnicima na projektu veoma važna. Neke su aktivnosti prepuštene podizvođačima dok mnoge aktivnosti zahtijevaju nabavu resursa od dobavljača za vrijeme izvođenja. Svako povećanje sinkronizacijskih napora radi naglih izmjena, poput duljeg od predviđenog trajanja aktivnosti, rezultira povećanim troškovima i odgodama što predstavlja rizik uspješnosti projekta. Osnovni raspored se koristi kao alat za sinkronizaciju među suradnicima na projektu. Realizirani raspored ne smije previše odstupati od osnovnog rasporeda. U suprotnom, korištenje osnovnog rasporeda gubi smisao budući da je sinkronizacija veoma zahtjevna i skupa u slučajevima znatnih i naglih promjena. Proaktivni rasporedi su prikladni kao osnovni raspored budući da posjeduju određeni stupanj sigurnosti što ih čini izvedivim u širokom rasponu događaja. Dio istraživanja se usredotočio na mjeru stabilnosti koja teži stvaranju osnovnih rasporeda koji u očekivanju minimalno odstupaju od realiziranog rasporeda. Postoje pokušaji izrade procedura za preraspoređivanje osnovnog rasporeda tijekom izvođenja projekta s ciljem povećanja stupnja proaktivnosti, istovremeno koristeći mjeru stabilnosti, ali tek uz umjereno zadovoljavajuće rezultate. Naime, mjera stabilnosti unosi u model rigidna ograničenja koja, osim kroz pokretanja aktivnosti, onemogućuju promjene baznog rasporeda. Takve promjene mogu smanjiti buduće troškove preraspoređivanja i često su korištene u heurističkim odlukama upravitelja projekata. Ovaj rad predstavlja novu obitelj mjera robusnosti: mjeru fleksibilnosti zasnovanu na trošku (MFZT). Ta mjera uvodi zavisnost troškova preraspoređivanja o vremenskoj udaljenosti promjena u osnovnom rasporedu. Stvorili smo matematički model problema od interesa koji opisuje potrebu za sinkronizacijom među sudionicima projekta i cilja poštivanje zadanih rokova. Kako funkcije cilja koje sadrže MFZT nisu nužno regularne, postojeća teorija se ne može primijeniti. Iz tog razloga su stvoreni teorijski temelji potrebni za daljnji razvoj. Predstavljene su metoda za egzaktno rješavanje, kao i dvije heurističke metode. Razvijeni računalni prototip iskorišten je za dobivanje rezultata eksperimenata koji mjere performanse dva predložena heuristička algoritma u donosu na odabrani (trenutno najbolji) testni algoritam koji je konstruiran za rad s mjerom stabilnosti. Rad također sadrži i rezultate analize mjerenih izvođenja eksperimenata. Rezultati ukazuju na znatno bolje rezultate predloženih algoritama u odnosu na odabrani testni algoritam. MFZT, za razliku od mjere stabilnosti, uistinu omogućuje proaktivno preraspoređivanje

Efficiency Analysis of Bus Transportation Processes between Zagreb and Split

U završnom radu analizira se učinkovitost autobusnog prijevoza putnika između Sjeverozapadne i Južne Hrvatske, odnosno između Zagreba i Splita kao dva najveća grada. Istražuje se kvaliteta prijevozne usluge i prijevozna potražnja, u smislu starosne strukture putnika. Provedena je usporedna analiza prijevoznika i značajki korištenih autobusa. Vrednovanje učinkovitosti prijevoznih procesa provedeno je pomoću kriterija prosječnih brzina kretanja, učestalosti polazaka, intervala i prijevozne sposobnosti linija.In the final work analyzed the efficiency of the bus passenger transport between Northwest and South Croatian, respectively between Zagreb and Split as the two largest cities. Examines the quality of transport services and transport demand, in terms of age structure of the passenger. We conducted a comparative analysis of the carrier and the features used buses. Evaluation of the efficiency of transport processes was conducted using criteria of average speed, frequency of departures, intervals and transport ability lines