2,022 research outputs found
Screened Coulomb interaction in the maximally localized Wannier basis
We discuss a maximally localized Wannier function approach for constructing
lattice models from first-principles electronic structure calculations, where
the effective Coulomb interactions are calculated in the constrained
random-phase-approximation. The method is applied to the 3d transition metals
and a perovskite (SrVO_3). We also optimize the Wannier functions by unitary
transformation so that U is maximized. Such Wannier functions unexpectedly
turned out to be very close to the maximally localized ones.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Solving the brachistochrone and other variational problems with soap films
We show a method to solve the problem of the brachistochrone as well as other
variational problems with the help of the soap films that are formed between
two suitable surfaces. We also show the interesting connection between some
variational problems of dynamics, statics, optics, and elasticity.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. This article, except for a small correction,
has been submitted to the American Journal of Physic
A dielectric elastomer actuator-based tactile display for multiple fingertip interaction with virtual soft bodies
A priori Wannier functions from modified Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham equations
The Hartree-Fock equations are modified to directly yield Wannier functions
following a proposal of Shukla et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 262, 213-218 (1996)].
This approach circumvents the a posteriori application of the Wannier
transformation to Bloch functions. I give a novel and rigorous derivation of
the relevant equations by introducing an orthogonalizing potential to ensure
the orthogonality among the resulting functions. The properties of these,
so-called a priori Wannier functions, are analyzed and the relation of the
modified Hartree-Fock equations to the conventional, Bloch-function-based
equations is elucidated. It is pointed out that the modified equations offer a
different route to maximally localized Wannier functions. Their computational
solution is found to involve an effort that is comparable to the effort for the
solution of the conventional equations. Above all, I show how a priori Wannier
functions can be obtained by a modification of the Kohn-Sham equations of
density-functional theory.Comment: 7 pages, RevTeX4, revise
New representation of orbital motion with arbitrary angular momenta
A new formulation is presented for a variational calculation of -body
systems on a correlated Gaussian basis with arbitrary angular momenta. The
rotational motion of the system is described with a single spherical harmonic
of the total angular momentum , and thereby needs no explicit coupling of
partial waves between particles. A simple generating function for the
correlated Gaussian is exploited to derive the matrix elements. The formulation
is applied to various Coulomb three-body systems such as , and up to in order to show its usefulness and
versatility. A stochastic selection of the basis functions gives good results
for various angular momentum states.Comment: Revte
Molecular-orbital theory for the stopping power of atoms in the low velocity regime:the case of helium in alkali metals
A free-parameter linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals approach is presented
for analyzing the stopping power of slow ions moving in a metal. The method is
applied to the case of He moving in alkali metals. Mean stopping powers for He
present a good agreement with local-density-approximation calculations. Our
results show important variations in the stopping power of channeled atoms with
respect to their mean values.Comment: LATEX, 3 PostScript Figures attached. Total size 0.54
Deciphering the Curly Arrow Representation and Electron Flow for the 1,3-Dipolar Rearrangement between Acetonitrile Oxide and (1S,2R,4S)â2-Cyano-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl Acetate Derivatives
This study is focused on describing the molecular mechanism beyond the
molecular picture provided by the evolution of molecular orbitals, valence bond structures along
the reaction progress, or conceptual density functional theory. Using bonding evolution theory
(BET) analysis, we have deciphered the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar rearrangement between
acetonitrile oxide and (1S,2R,4S)-2-cyano-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl acetate derivatives.
The BET study revealed that the formation of the CâC bond takes place via a usual sharing
model before the OâC one that is also formed in the halogenated species through a not very
usual sharing model. The mechanism includes depopulation of the electron density at the NâC
triple bond and creation of the V(N) and V(C) monosynaptic basins, depopulation of the
former CâC double bond with the creation of V(C,C) basins, and final formation of the V(O,C) basin associated with the OâC
bond. The topological changes along the reaction pathway take place in a highly synchronous way. BET provides a convenient
quantitative method for deriving curly arrows and electron flow representation to unravel molecular mechanisms
Astronomical identification of CN-, the smallest observed molecular anion
We present the first astronomical detection of a diatomic negative ion, the
cyanide anion CN-, as well as quantum mechanical calculations of the excitation
of this anion through collisions with para-H2. CN- is identified through the
observation of the J = 2-1 and J = 3-2 rotational transitions in the C-star
envelope IRC +10216 with the IRAM 30-m telescope. The U-shaped line profiles
indicate that CN-, like the large anion C6H-, is formed in the outer regions of
the envelope. Chemical and excitation model calculations suggest that this
species forms from the reaction of large carbon anions with N atoms, rather
than from the radiative attachment of an electron to CN, as is the case for
large molecular anions. The unexpectedly large abundance derived for CN-, 0.25
% relative to CN, makes likely its detection in other astronomical sources. A
parallel search for the small anion C2H- remains so far unconclusive, despite
the previous tentative identification of the J = 1-0 rotational transition. The
abundance of C2H- in IRC +10216 is found to be vanishingly small, < 0.0014 %
relative to C2H.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in A&A Letter
Second bound state of the positronium molecule and biexcitons
A new, hitherto unknown bound state of the positronium molecule, with orbital
angular momentum L=1 and negative parity is reported. This state is stable
against autodissociation even if the masses of the positive and negative
charges are not equal. The existence of a similar state in two-dimension has
also been investigated. The fact that the biexcitons have a second bound state
may help the better understanding of their binding mechanism.Comment: Latex, 8 pages, 2 Postscript figure
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