ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS PERUSAHAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MARVIN E MUNDEL DI PT MEGAYAKU KEMASAN PERDANA

ABSTRAK Perkembangan dunia industri yang maju saat ini, perusahaan didorong untuk berkembang dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaannya agar memiliki daya saing yang kuat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai produktivitas total dan parsial, selanjutnya mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas dan meningkatkan produktivitas PT Megayaku Kemasan Perdana. Berdasarkan dari hasil pengolahan data menggunakan maka hasil yang didapatkan adalah indeks produktivitas depresiasi tertinggi mencapai 162,98% pada periode bulan april 2019 dan indeks produktivitas terendah mencapai 106,9% di periode bulan juli 2018, indeks produktivitas material tertinggi mencapai 156,44% pada periode bulan oktober 2018 dan indeks produktivitas terendah mencapai 95,44% di periode bulan juni 2018, indeks produktivitas tenaga kerja tertinggi mencapai 136,28% pada periode bulan april 2019 dan indeks produktivitas terendah mencapai 99,8% di periode bulan mei 2019, indeks produktivitas energi tertinggi mencapai 144,77% pada periode bulan maret 2019 dan indeks produktivitas terendah mencapai 96,28% di periode bulan juni 2019, indeks produktivitas maintenance tertinggi mencapai 297,72% pada periode bulan mei 2019 dan indeks produktivitas terendah mencapai 14,82% di periode bulan desember 2018, dan indeks produktivitas total tertinggi berada di bulan oktober 2018 yang mencapai 149,87% terendah terdapat di bulan juni 2018 yaitu sebesar 98,24

Mechanisms regulating neutrophil responses in immunity, allergy, and autoimmunity

Neutrophil granulocytes, or neutrophils, are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans and indispensable for antimicrobial immunity, as exemplified in patients with inborn and acquired defects of neutrophils. Neutrophils were long regarded as the foot soldiers of the immune system, solely destined to execute a set of effector functions against invading pathogens before undergoing apoptosis, the latter of which was ascribed to their short life span. This simplistic understanding of neutrophils has now been revised on the basis of insights gained from the use of mouse models and single-cell high-throughput techniques, revealing tissue- and context-specific roles of neutrophils in guiding immune responses. These studies also demonstrated that neutrophil responses were controlled by sophisticated feedback mechanisms, including directed chemotaxis of neutrophils to tissue-draining lymph nodes resulting in modulation of antimicrobial immunity and inflammation. Moreover, findings in mice and humans showed that neutrophil responses adapted to different deterministic cytokine signals, which controlled their migration and effector function as well as, notably, their biologic clock by affecting the kinetics of their aging. These mechanistic insights have important implications for health and disease in humans, particularly, in allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma bronchiale, as well as in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Hence, our improved understanding of neutrophils sheds light on novel therapeutic avenues, focusing on molecularly defined biologic agents. Keywords: autoimmunity; autoinflammation; immunodeficiency; infection; inflammation

Homeostatic maintenance of T cells and natural killer cells

Homeostasis in the immune system encompasses the mechanisms governing maintenance of a functional and diverse pool of lymphocytes, thus guaranteeing immunity to pathogens while remaining self-tolerant. Antigen-naïve T cells rely on survival signals through contact with self-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules plus interleukin (IL)-7. Conversely, antigen-experienced (memory) T cells are typically MHC-independent and they survive and undergo periodic homeostatic proliferation through contact with both IL-7 and IL-15. Also, non-conventional γδ T cells rely on a mix of IL-7 and IL-15 for their homeostasis, whereas natural killer cells are mainly dependent on contact with IL-15. Homeostasis of CD4+ T regulatory cells is different in being chiefly regulated by contact with IL-2. Notably, increased levels of these cytokines cause expansion of responsive lymphocytes, such as found in lymphopenic hosts or following cytokine injection, whereas reduced cytokine levels cause a decline in cell number

Kecenderungan politik dalam kalangan belia wanita di Perak

Artikel ini mengkaji kecenderungan politik dalam kalangan belia wanita di Perak. Pengaruh belia dalam menentukan perubahan boleh menjadi signifikan dengan jumlah belia yang semakin meningkat kepada 13.4 juta pada 2010 daripada 10.8 juta bersamaan 41 peratus daripada jumlah penduduk Malaysia pada tahun 2005. Di Perak pengundi belia berjumlah 37 peratus iaitu 522,536 orang daripada 1,409,045 keseluruhan pengundi pada Pilihan Raya Umum 2013. Manakala dari segi komposisi, belia lelaki adalah seramai 270,237 orang dan perempuan 252,536 orang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki penglibatan belia wanita dalam politik, kecenderungan dan pilihan mereka tentang politik. Bagi mendapatkan data yang diperlukan, penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kaedah tinjauan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan majoriti daripada responden iaitu 416 orang atau 92.4 peratus tidak melibatkan diri sebagai ahli dalam parti politik. Selain itu, dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap penglibatan belia wanita dalam politik adalah rendah dan sikap mereka terhadap aktiviti politik amatlah pasif. Belia wanita hanya melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti politik secara formal seperti mengundi dalam pilihan raya. Akhir sekali, hasil analisis menggambarkan bahawa penglibatan belia wanita di Perak adalah disebabkan oleh sikap peribadi ingin melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti politik. Implikasinya kecenderungan dan penglibatan belia wanita dalam politik agak pasif. Oleh itu, perlu ada satu anjakan kepada penglibatan belia wanita dalam politik di Perak agar selari dengan politik semasa dan menjadi pelapis kepada pemimpin-pemimpin wanita pada masa hadapan

Patients with systemic sclerosis show phenotypic and functional defects in neutrophils

BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vascular modification, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and several visceral organs. Innate and adaptive immune cells, including myeloid, B and T cells, are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of SSc. However, the role and functional state of neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) are ill-defined in SSc. METHODS We performed a prospective study of neutrophils freshly isolated from SSc patients and healthy donors (HD) by measuring in these neutrophils (i) functional cell surface markers, including CD16, CD62L, CD66b, CD66c, CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4; (ii) cytokine-activated intracellular signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, such as phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), pSTAT5, and pSTAT6; (iii) production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO); and (iv) phagocytosis of bacteria by the neutrophils. RESULTS Neutrophils of SSc patients expressed lower CD16 and CD62L and higher pSTAT3 and pSTAT6 compared to HD. Moreover, neutrophils of SSc patients lacked CXCR1 and CXCR2, the receptors responding to the potent neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. Neutrophils of SSc patients were also deficient in MPO levels, NET formation and phagocytosis of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils of patients with SSc display several functional defects affecting cell migration, NET formation, and phagocytosis of bacteria

Pilihan Raya Negeri Melaka 2021: Cerminan Pilihan Raya Umum 15?

Pilihan Raya Negeri (PRN) Melaka telah diadakan pada 20 November 2021 apabila empat orang Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri (ADUN) (dua dari United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), satu daripada Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU) dan satu daripada Bebas) menarik sokongan daripada kepimpinan negeri yang diterajui oleh Barisan Nasional (BN). PRN ini telah mengembalikan kuasa kepada rakyat untuk memilih pemimpin pilihan mereka. Keputusan menunjukkan kuasa dikembalikan semula kepada BN dengan mendapat kemenangan bergaya majoriti dua pertiga. Justeru, artikel ini akan meneliti beberapa aspek daripada PRN Melaka iaitu perbandingan keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU) 14 dan PRN 2021 di Melaka, pola sokongan pengundi dan analisis kemenangan BN sama ada boleh menjadi kayu ukur menjelang PRU 15. Untuk mencapai objektif yang diperlukan, kajian ini menggunakan analisis kandungan dan sumber sekunder. Hasil kajian mendapati pola sokongan pengundi di peringkat Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Melaka kepada BN sangat tinggi dan konsisten pada PRU 1 hingga PRU 13 dan PRN 2021. BN berada dalam kedudukan yang selesa dengan majoriti dua pertiga setiap kali pilihan raya kecuali PRU 14. Selain itu, dapatan menunjukkan kawasan-kawasan yang ditandingi BN pada PRN Melaka mengalami peningkatan prestasi. Peningkatan prestasi ini jelas terutamanya rakan komponennya seperti Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) dan Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) yang sebelum ini gagal memenangi kerusi pada PRU 14. Manakala di pihak Pakatan Harapan (PH) dan Perikatan Nasional (PN), menunjukkan penurunan prestasi secara keseluruhan. Parti Islam Se Malaysia (PAS) juga masih gagal memenangi kerusi pada PRU 14 dan PRN Melaka. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati ada enam perkara yang boleh dijadikan indikator sama ada PRN Melaka boleh dijadikan kayu ukur kepada PRU 15 iaitu kekuatan parti yang bertanding, manifesto, kempen dan strategi, undi majoriti, masa dan isu. Secara keseluruahnnya, dalam persaingan menuju PRU 15 ini, BN telah berjaya mendahului PH dan PN di kerusi DUN Melaka. Implikasinya, parti lawan sedang mengatur strategi untuk bersaingpada PRU 15 dan pelbagai kemungkinan boleh berlaku seperti penggabungan atau ahli parti yang melompat

Sources of political information among young women in Perak

This article examines trends in the preference for political information sources among young women in Perak. Media is one main sources for political information. Based on the growing number of youths from 10.8 million in 2005 (41 % of Malaysia's population) to 13.4 million in 2010, the influence of youth in determining change can be significant. In Perak youth accounted for about 37 % of the total voters in the 2013 general elections. This study seeks to identify the preference of media sources for political information among young women in Perak. The analysis will also determine the confidence level of political information source and issues that are important to them. Survey method is used and data will be processed thought a quantitative approach. A sample size of 450 young women were randomly selected. The results show that mainstream media played an important role as the main source of political information among the young women in Perak as compared to alternative medias. Television was the most important source of political information for them. In addition, respondents' confidence in the source of political information which they obtain from television was preceded by Astro Awani with the highest mean scores, followed by government-owned television stations, namely TV1 and TV2. With respect to print media newspapers like Berita Harian, Utusan Malaysia and The Star have the young women's confidence as compared to Keadilan Daily. It can also be said that young women do not choose alternative media as the media for political information because social media is widely being used to spread false information, which are often provocative and seditious. The study also found that current issues that affect young women's life were more important to young woman respondents, such as cost of living and educational issues

Molecular states during acute COVID-19 reveal distinct etiologies of long-term sequelae

Post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are debilitating, clinically heterogeneous and of unknown molecular etiology. A transcriptome-wide investigation was performed in 165 acutely infected hospitalized individuals who were followed clinically into the post-acute period. Distinct gene expression signatures of post-acute sequelae were already present in whole blood during acute infection, with innate and adaptive immune cells implicated in different symptoms. Two clusters of sequelae exhibited divergent plasma-cell-associated gene expression patterns. In one cluster, sequelae associated with higher expression of immunoglobulin-related genes in an anti-spike antibody titer-dependent manner. In the other, sequelae associated independently of these titers with lower expression of immunoglobulin-related genes, indicating lower non-specific antibody production in individuals with these sequelae. This relationship between lower total immunoglobulins and sequelae was validated in an external cohort. Altogether, multiple etiologies of post-acute sequelae were already detectable during SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly linking these sequelae with the acute host response to the virus and providing early insights into their development