The global event? The media, football and the FIFA World Cup

An examination of the FIFA World Cup as media mega event and the role played by television in this process

Philanthropy Working With Government : A Case Study of The Atlantic Philanthropies' Partnership with the Irish Government

This study examines the extent to which The Atlantic Philanthropies' approach of working with government to influence policy and practice, with a particular focus on public service reform, can be considered innovative and successful. The study focuses on the period from 2003 to 2014

Vestibulo-Spinal Pathways in Tetrapods

The vestibulospinal system provides the spinal motor circuits controlling head/neck and limb movements and body posture with rapid reflex adjustments to maintain equilibrium and stability and with a continuous essential excitatory drive, called tonus, to enhance reactive responses to perturbations that force the animal off normal posture. The sensory signals to these reflex circuits originate from hair cells in the inner ear of otolith structures, namely the utricle and saccule, that transduce inertial acceleration and orientation of the head with respect to gravity and in the three orthogonally arranged semicircular canals that transduce angular head rotation. The principal vestibulospinal pathways are 1) the medial vestibulospinal tract that descends in the ventromedial funiculus and innervates inter- and motoneurons located mainly in lamina VII, VIII, and dorsomedial IX throughout the cervical segments; and 2) the lateral vestibulospinal tracts that course in the lateral to ventrolateral funiculi and are distinguished by two divisions: i) a cervical-projecting tract that overlaps many of the targets of medial vestibulospinal tract neurons including the motoneurons in ventromedial IX and also contributes to reflex control of shoulder and forelimb (arm) muscles; and ii) a lumbosacral-projecting tract that provides a rapid input to maintain stable posture and reflex control of the lower body. A striking observation in understanding the functional organization of this sensory-motor system is both that the driving sensory input can be dynamically modified by the behavioral context in which the sensation is made and that it remains able to quickly respond to an external force during self-generated head movements. The structural basis for vestibulospinal inputs to spinal motor control circuits in quadrupeds and bipeds rely in part on the animal's need for coordination between fore- and hind-limb reflex movements. Understanding the sensory-to-motor transformations in the diverse species rely on the correlations of the conserved and unique species behavior, morphology and physiologic function

Intra-Country Regulation of Share Markets: Does One Size Fit All?

A large body of evidence suggests that investor protection regulationassists the development of major stock exchanges but this leaves openthe question of whether or not the same level of regulation should beapplied to all centralised trading platforms. Allowing for regulatoryvariation permits a wider choice of investment opportunities for liquidity conscious investors lowers some firms' cost of capital and enhancesplatform competition while potentially negative spillover mechanismslack both theoretical credibility and empirical support. Overalluniformity in investor protection regulation seems designed to provide anexpensive solution to a doubtful problem

The Role of Strategy Statements

Under the terms of the Public Service Management Act, 1997, there is a statutory requirement on all government departments and offices to produce a strategy statement once every three years, or within six months of the appointment of a new minister. Strategy statements must set out the key objectives, outputs and related strategies (including the use of resources) of the department or office concerned. They are seen as a central element in the development of a strategic management process in the Irish civil service. This report aims to review progress to date with the formulation and implementation of strategy statements. In particular, an assessment is made of the first two sets of strategy statements, published in 1996 and 1998. Lessons are drawn from this experience to guide future practice. The research framework established to facilitate the review focuses on three elements: (a) the content of strategy statements; (b) the process by which statements are derived and implemented; and (c) the impacts and linkages which strategy statements are intended to secure in practice

Media sport

A review of contemporary changes in the relationship between the media and sport in Scotland

The FIFA World Cup: Media, Football and the Evolution of a Global Event

The chapter analyses the historical mediatization of the FIFA World Cup focusing on the rhetoric of technological advancement in the televised coverage of the competition as the premier single-sport global mega-event. The chapter also critically analyses the view that televised sport is being undermined by the rise of the Internet and social media, rather arguing that television remains central to the new media digital ecology. This analysis is supported by recent evidence in the coverage of the 2014 World Cup from Brazil. Bringing together many of the biggest names in the study of media and sport, this powerful new collection examines how the media influences our understanding of the world’s most important sports events. It sheds new light on how these events have been changed by, and have used, media to extend their brands and wield cultural influence. Focusing on the central concept of ‘mediatization’ – the infusion of a media logic across all spheres of contemporary life – the book presents original case studies of major events including the Olympics, the World Cup, Masters golf, Tour de France, the Super Bowl, the World Series and Wimbledon. This is a seminal work in the media, sport and cultural studies

ON THE FRONTIER OF GENERATING REVEALED PREFERENCE CHOICE SETS: AN EFFICIENT APPROACH

Deterministic rules for generating choice sets are often employed by analysts confronting universal sets with large numbers of alternatives. For destination choice analysis, site exclusion rules defined by travel time, distance, or quality have a behavioral appeal, yet are fundamentally limited by their one-dimension scope. To remedy this shortcoming while maintaining the concept that trips require costly inputs to yield utility generating outputs, we develop and test an exclusion rule for generating choice sets defined by efficiency measures derived from stochastic frontier econometric models. Choice set composition, site choice efficiency and probability of selection, and consumer surplus are compared with results obtained under alternative exclusion rules.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,