Evolution of magnetic Dirac bosons in a honeycomb lattice

We examine the presence and evolution of magnetic Dirac nodes in the Heisenberg honeycomb lattice. Using linear spin theory, we evaluate the collinear phase diagram as well as the change in the spin dynamics with various exchange interactions. We show that the ferromagnetic structure produces bosonic Dirac and Weyl points due to the competition between superexchange interactions. Furthermore, it is shown that the criteria for magnetic Dirac nodes are coupled to the magnetic structure and not the overall crystal symmetry, where the breaking of inversion symmetry greatly affects the antiferromagnetic configurations. The tunability of the nodal points through variation of the exchange parameters leads to the possibility of controlling Dirac symmetries through an external manipulation of the orbital interactions.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Submitted for publicatio

Results of Radical Surgical Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma

Radical operations of cholangiocarcinomas are connected with the great number of post-operative complications, and lethality reaches 15-30 %. The most debatable questions remain the choice of the operation type depending on localization and spreading of a tumor and also the expedience of using mini-invasive technologies as a preoperational preparation to the radical surgical treatment. We would like to share the little experience of the radical surgical treatment of cholangiocarcinomas.The research aim is to analyze results of radical surgical treatment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Matherials and methods. We have analyzed the outcomes of surgical treatment in 18 patients with cholangiocarcinomas. Tumor localization was determined according to the Bismuth-Corlett classification. Type 1 tumors were found in 2 (11.1 %), type 2 in 4 (22.2 %), type 3А in 5 (27.8 %), type 3B in 4 (22.2 %), type 4 in 1 (5.6 %), and distal localization in 2 (11.1 %) patients. As biliary decompression, 9 (50 %) patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary duct drainage (PTBD), and another 9 (50 %) patients were operated without preoperative biliary decompression Pre-operative embolization of portal vein branches with the aim to increase the low volume of liver after anticipated resection was performed in 4 (22.2 %) patients.Results. After the embolization of portal vein branches, the estimated residual volume of hepatic parenchyma increased from 33.4 % to 45.7 %. Patients with cholagiocarcinomas of different localization performed the radical operations: isolated hepaticocholedochus resection in 5 (27.8 %) patients, hepaticocholedochus resection combined with Taj Mahal hepatic resection in 1 (5.6 %), right hemihepatectomy in 5 (27.8 %), left hemihepatectomy in 4 (22.2 %), extended right hemihepatectomy in 1 (5.6 %), and pancreoduodenal resection in 2 (11.1 %) patients. Complications of radical surgeries were observed in 4 (22.2 %) patients. Lethal outcomes occurred in 3 (16.7 %) patients.Conclusions. Radical operations are attended with complications in 22,2 % and lethality in 16,7 %. As a preoperative preparation it is possible to use mini-invasive interventions for the biliary decompression and increase of hepatic parenchyma volume

Innovations in medicine

There are a lot of innovative technologies that are developed nowadays. They are: A Robot Surgeon, Testing Genetic Diseases, Non-Invasive Glucose Monitor. One of them is modern technology that is called Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Практично-прагматичні аспекти розвитку сучасної освіти.(Almost-pragmatic aspects of the development of modern education)

Конкурентноздатність освіти є показником її ефективності та якості і розглядається як її спроможність конкурувати з іншими суб’єктами в наданні освітніх послуг та задовольняти потреби людини. Освітній потенціал розуміється як визначення можливостей розвитку, наданих суспільству освітою, і включає в себе як накопичені витрати суспільства на функціонування формальної і неформальної систем освіти, так і духовний компонент у вигляді традиції, моральних та суспільних цінностей. Нові вимоги до освіти потребують змін як в організації її системи, так і в змісті, формах та методах навчального процесу. Аналізуються показники конкурентоздатності освіти. (Competitiveness of education is a measure of its effectiveness and quality and is seen as its ability to compete with other actors in education and to meet human needs. Educational potential is understood as determining development opportunities, provided to the society by education, and includes both the accumulated cost to society functioning of formal and informal education systems, and spiritual component in the form of traditions, moral and social values. New demands for education require changes both in the organization of the system and the content, forms and methods of educational process. Indicators of competitiveness of education are also analyzed, among them are educational potential, content of the educational process, access to education, education management, maintenance of high social status of teaching staff. The success of competitive education is possible only in conditions of effective management structure of the system, the coordination of all the structural elements of the mechanism of educational activities, combining structural units, finding an optimal balance between centralization and decentralization of the functions of government. Education management accumulates principles of educational policy at certain stage of its development and the main strategic lines of the national education system in the context of global trends. Competitiveness of education depends on economic performance – profitability, productivity and effectiveness. Competitiveness of educational system is conditioned not only by its direct value to humans, but also by the fact that these expenditures are investments with subsequent impact. Competitiveness of education acts like indicator of its performance and quality that are complex, system performance, practical and pragmatic orientation of the educational process in the modern world.

A New Originalism: Adoption of a Grammatical Interpretive Approach to Establishment Clause Jurisprudence after District of Columbia v. Helle

This thesis proposes an approach to Establishment Clause jurisprudence (and one applicable to constitutional interpretation as a whole) that maintains fidelity to the Constitution by confining the application and interpretation of explicit text to the strictures of well-established norms of grammar and usage. It will begin by analyzing the disparities created through the addition or substitution of super-textual language to the clause through the use of surrogate concepts, and will demonstrate that any such method of constitutional adjudication becomes unworkable and incoherent once such tests utilize surrogate concepts and terminology. Through grammatical exegesis will emerge the theory that the Religion “phrases” do not afford competing protections, and adhering most closely to the structure and meaning of the Religion Clause as a whole, more specifically, with respect to the grammatical interplay of its two adjectival subparts, the present participle phrases “respecting an establishment of religion” and “prohibiting the free exercise thereof,” a new normative meaning, a modality, emerges, where the Establishment “phrase” becomes construed in its truest context, as an adjectival phrase modifying “law.” This “linguistic modality” thus respects and maintains the integrity of the document as drafted, and ensures that the words and context employed by the Founders--to which indelible significance adhered at the moment of inscription--remain governed by normative rules of grammar and usage (e.g., “Standard Written English”); only in this way does the language of 1787/1791 become bound by the same semantic and linguistic norms as bind the language today. In other words, this approach places a type of “linguistic seal” upon the Constitution that allows judicial interpretation to achieve consistent application within the parameters of modern society. Since judges today are bound by the same rules of grammar and usage comprising standard written English that bound the framers at the Constitutional Convention, this linguistic approach seals the original structure of the text within the parameters of modern application

ПРОБЕМА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ОСВІТНЬОЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ. (The problem of saving of educational national identity in the context of European integration.)

Досліджується проблема інтеграції та інтернаціоналізації вищої освіти в умовах Болонського процесу. Аналізуються сучасні соціальні, економічні і політичні вимоги до міжнародного співробітництва та формування нової освітньої політики. Сформульовано висновок щодо необхідності збереження національної ідентичності під час процесів інтеграції та інтернаціоналізації. (The problem of internationalization of higher education in the context of the Bologna Process is investigated. The modern situation concerning international cooperation in defining the general criteria of educational policy is analyzed. The conclusion about the need to preserve national identity in the course of interuniversity interaction and cooperation is formulated.