The symmetric Radon-Nikod\'ym property for tensor norms

We introduce the symmetric-Radon-Nikod\'ym property (sRN property) for finitely generated s-tensor norms $\beta$ of order $n$ and prove a Lewis type theorem for s-tensor norms with this property. As a consequence, if $\beta$ is a projective s-tensor norm with the sRN property, then for every Asplund space $E$, the canonical map $\widetilde{\otimes}_{\beta}^{n,s} E' \to \Big(\widetilde{\otimes}_{\beta'}^{n,s} E \Big)'$ is a metric surjection. This can be rephrased as the isometric isomorphism $\mathcal{Q}^{min}(E) = \mathcal{Q}(E)$ for certain polynomial ideal \Q. We also relate the sRN property of an s-tensor norm with the Asplund or Radon-Nikod\'{y}m properties of different tensor products. Similar results for full tensor products are also given. As an application, results concerning the ideal of $n$-homogeneous extendible polynomials are obtained, as well as a new proof of the well known isometric isomorphism between nuclear and integral polynomials on Asplund spaces.Comment: 17 page

An Analysis of 8th Grade Student Achievement of Private and Public Schools in the Dominican Republic in Rural and Urban Settings

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in student academic achievement in private and public schools in the Dominican Republic in rural and urban settings. The 2016 8th Grade National Exams school mean scale scores were analyzed to determine if statistically significant differences existed among the different school types and school settings. There was a lack of literature on student academic achievement in the Dominican Republic, in particular on private and public school and rural and urban school students. The extant literature indicated that in the Dominican Republic, private school students historically had higher academic achievement on standardized exams than public school students. The higher student academic achievement of private school students followed the trend of student academic achievement in Latin America and the Caribbean. This study found statistically significant differences between private and public schools, rural private and rural public schools, and between urban private and urban public schools, in favor of private schools. These results provide evidence for school district leaders and school administrators to use in decision making about how to raise student academic achievement in rural and urban areas. The findings also contribute to the gap in literature on private and public school student academic achievement in the Dominican Republic and Latin America and the Caribbean

Logical Pluralism and Vicious Regresses

This material in this dissertation will be divided into two parts. The first part is a preliminary discussion of vicious regress arguments in the philosophy of logic in the 20th century. The second part will focus on three different versions of logical pluralism, i.e., the view that there are many correct logics. In each case an argument will be developed to show that these versions of logical pluralism result in a vicious regress. The material in part one will be divided into three chapters, and there are a few reasons for having a preliminary discussion of vicious regress arguments in philosophy of logic. Many vicious regress arguments have been raised in the past with the aim of making some kind of point in the philosophy of logic. Looking at some of these historical examples will serve multiple purposes. Primarily it will provide an opportunity to think carefully about the structure of vicious regress arguments. Vicious regress arguments can be distinguished in terms of what their underlying assumptions are and what they ultimately aim to demonstrate. The successfulness of a vicious regress argument will always be a function of these two things. But thinking about the structure of vicious regress arguments will also be beneficial for another reason. It will provide for a useful comparison to see how and in what way my own arguments relate to or differ from previous vicious regress arguments. Having cases to compare and contrast will help to clarify what assumptions I am making and where it will be important to reply to objections. In chapter one, I\u27ll look at a vicious regress that unfolds in Lewis Carroll\u27s dialogue What the Tortoise Said to Achilles? (1895). I\u27ll look at a few different ways that people have tried to extract a moral from Carroll\u27s text, and I\u27ll argue that our thinking about the moral should be guided by a prior question about how to understand the nature of the regress. I\u27ll look at some different interpretations of the regress in Carroll, and I\u27ll comment on why some interpretations may be more plausible than others. Chapter two focuses on a vicious regress argument that is developed in Willard Van Orman Quine\u27s Truth by Convention (1936). In some ways, it is easier to see what the intended moral of Quine\u27s vicious regress argument is because he explicitly characterizes the view he aims to criticize. He aims to criticize a conventionalist thesis about logic where logical truths are fully explained in terms of linguistic conventions for logical connectives. I\u27ll assume that Quine took himself to be criticizing a view held by Rudolph Carnap (1934/37). (I\u27ll also note some views that challenge this assumption.) I won\u27t focus on the exegetical question of whether Quine\u27s interpretation of Carnap is accurate, but I will look at a few passages from the Carnap material that Quine cited in his critique. Whatever the case may be with Carnap\u27s actual view, Quine distinguished between two forms of conventionalism about logic. He only intended his regress argument to apply to a version of conventionalism about logic where conventions are understood as being somehow explicit. Quine developed a separate argument for a version of the conventionalist thesis about logic where conventions are understood as implicit. I\u27ll discuss both of these arguments and the operative notions of convention. Much of the discussion in this chapter will concern the nature of Quine\u27s regress argument and the extent to which its successfulness depends on the notion of convention at play. Quine saw his regress argument as based on the same kind of considerations in Carroll\u27s dialogue. I\u27ll note that there are both epistemic and non-epistemic interpretations of Quine\u27s regress argument, and I\u27ll argue that there are reasons to prefer a non-epistemic reading. I\u27ll also look at a view from Jared Warren who develops an implicit convention version of the conventionalist thesis about logic. Warren responds to the critique of implicit conventionalism about logic from Quine, and I\u27ll provide some reasons for thinking that Warren\u27s response isn\u27t successful. I\u27ll end the chapter by making two observations about versions of conventionalism about logic that employ a conception of conventions where they are understood as implicit. I\u27ll suggest that these views don\u27t obviously avoid vicious regress worries, and that they also face worries concerning underdetermination (although I\u27ll discuss these latter two points in more detail in chapter five). In chapter three, I\u27ll look at an argument from Saul Kripke (1974a/74b) that is also supposed to be inspired by the regress considerations in Carroll\u27s dialogue. Kripke\u27s argument is directed towards Quine\u27s own views regarding the idea that logical hypotheses can be empirically revised. I\u27ll explain Quine\u27s view about the empirical revision of logical hypotheses and Kripke\u27s criticism. I\u27ll also comment on some of the similarities and differences between Kripke\u27s argument against Quine and Quine\u27s argument against Carnap (largely to argue that they are based on the same kind of underlying point). I\u27ll also argue that there are some reasons for thinking that Kripke\u27s argument may be based on a misinterpretation of Quine. I\u27ll look at the interpretation that is needed in order for Kripke\u27s challenge to be successful, and I\u27ll criticize some arguments in support of this interpretation from Romina Padro (2015). The second part begins with chapter four where I will look at a version of logical pluralism from Jc Beall and Greg Restall (2006). Beall and Restall\u27s version of logical pluralism is based on a case-theoretic analysis of logical validity. I\u27ll give an exegesis of their view, and then I\u27ll argue that it results in a vicious regress. I\u27ll spend some time talking about how I understand the nature of vicious regresses in this chapter, and the discussion of vicious regresses will be informed by a view from John Passmore (1961). I\u27ll give an exegesis of Passmore\u27s view, and I\u27ll also devote quite a bit of space to an objection and reply section. Part of the objection and reply section will contribute to making a case for the claim that the vicious regress point is a consideration in favor of logical monism. In particular, I\u27ll respond to an objection claiming that there is an analogous regress for logical monism. Without responding to an objection like this, the ultimate objective of my thesis would be incomplete (since there is only a consideration in favor of logical monism if it doesn\u27t face an analogous puzzle). Chapter four will end with a discussion of a view from Colin Caret (2017). Caret develops a view where the details of Beall and Restall\u27s theory are articulated in terms of an indexical contextualist semantic theory for expressions like logicaly valid . In chapters four and six, my use of theoretical labels like indexical contextualist , non-indexical contextualist , and assessment sensitive will follow the usage of MacFarlane (2014). Shapiro (2014) cites MacFarlane when explaining his usage of these technical terms, and Caret\u27s view fits the definition of indexical contextualism that is given by MacFarlane (although Caret cites other sources when developing his view). I\u27ll argue that a vicious regress can still be developed for a view like Caret\u27s where the details of Beall and Restall\u27s theory are understood in this way. In the fifth chapter, I\u27ll look at a version of logical pluralism from Hartry Field. Field\u27s logical pluralism is developed by conjoining a normative conception of logical validity with a relativistic conception of normativity. I\u27ll devote a good deal of space to explaining Field\u27s normative conception of validity and how his form of relativism is understood. The main upshot of combining these two components is that it results in a view where validity attributions are understood as being somehow relative to policies. I\u27ll argue that Field\u27s view also results in a vicious regress, and I\u27ll look at a few objections to my argument. The objections will mostly concern an issue about whether the regress argument only works for certain conceptions of policies (in particular whether they are conceived of as being somehow explicit). So the issues here will be analogous to some of the concerns that are discussed in chapter two regarding Quine\u27s criticism of logical conventionalism. I\u27ll also raise a separate puzzle for Field\u27s view that is based on considerations of underdetermination. The details of this argument are informed by a criticism of dispositional analyses of rule-following from Kripke (1982). So I\u27ll spend some time in this chapter looking at responses to Kripke\u27s criticism from Tomoji Shogenji (1993) and Jared Warren (2018). I\u27ll argue that neither of these accounts will help to dissolve the underdetermination issue. The points in this chapter (concerning regress and underdetermination) are also the ones I mentioned I would come back to in chapter two. In the sixth chapter, I\u27ll look at Stewart Shapiro\u27s version of logical pluralism (2014). It is also based on a form of relativism, but it is distinctive in that it is developed in terms of considerations in the philosophy of mathematics. I\u27ll provide an exegesis of Shapiro\u27s view, and I\u27ll argue that it also faces a vicious regress puzzle. It\u27s worth noting that Shapiro gives a semantic characterization of his view. He gives a detailed description of his view about the meaning of logical connectives and expressions like logically valid . He describes his view on the semantics of expressions like logically valid as a form of indexical contextualism (although there are some important qualifications to this claim which I\u27ll discuss). I\u27ll argue that a vicious regress can be developed for Shapiro\u27s view even when the details of his indexical contextualist semantic theory are taken into consideration. I\u27ll also argue that Shapiro\u27s view faces an underdetermination puzzle. These points about underdetermination will be similar to what is discussed in the chapter on Field, but the argument will concern details that are specific to Shapiro\u27s semantic theory. A key point of focus will be Shapiro\u27s view of contexts and the role that contexts are supposed to play in his indexical contextualist theory of logically valid

WO 510 Worship Leadership in the Church

Required texts: James F. White, INTRODUCTION TO WORSHIP [ICW] Rob L. Staples, OUTWARD SIGN AND INWARD GRACE [OSIG]https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/3745/thumbnail.jp

Why Common Core? Educational Standards, the Legislative Process, and Best Practices, with a Unit Design Aligned to the Common Core State Standards, by a Teacher, for Teachers

This thesis project was created with two major focuses. The first is to provide insight on educational standards. This includes national versus state standards, international assessments and the implications, and the adoption of the Common Core State Standards. Second, this project shares best practices for implementing the Common Core State Standards, and includes a unit design in surface area and volume in 7th grade mathematics, which is aligned to those standards

El problema de la adopción y el relativismo sobre la lógica

The adoption problem was originally raised by Saul Kripke. It is supposed to present a difficulty for Willard Van Orman Quine’s view that statements of logical law are empirically confirmable. I want to argue for two things in relation to the adoption problem. The first is that the adoption problem does not really undermine the idea that statements of logical law are empirically confirmable. The second is that an analogue of the adoption problem can be developed in order to criticize a form of relativism about logic.El problema de la adopción fue originalmente planteado por Saul Kripke. Se supone  que presenta una dificultad al punto de vista de Willard Van Orman Quine de que  los enunciados de la ley lógica son empíricamente confirmables. Quiero presentar dos  argumentos en relación al problema de la adopción. El primero es que el problema  de la adopción no socava realmente la idea de que los enunciados de la ley lógica son  empíricamente confirmables. El segundo es que se puede desarrollar un análogo del  problema de la adopción para criticar una forma de relativismo sobre la lógica

Collinear Four-Wave Mixing of Two-Component Matter Waves

We demonstrate atomic four-wave mixing of two-component matter waves in a collinear geometry. Starting from a single-species Bose-Einstein condensate, seed and pump modes are prepared through microwave state transfer and state-selective Kapitza-Dirac diffraction. Four-wave mixing then populates the initially empty output modes. Simulations based on a coupled-mode expansion of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation are in very good agreement with the experimental data. We show that four-wave mixing can play an important role in studies of bosonic mixtures in optical lattices. Moreover our system should be of interest in the context of quantum atom optics.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; revised version, essentially as publishe

Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle

Because of the severe quarantine constraints that must be imposed on any returned extraterrestrial samples, the Mars sample return Earth-entry vehicle must remain intact through sample recovery. Vehicles returning on a Mars-Earth trajectory will attain velocities exceeding any that have been experienced by prior space exploration missions, with velocities approaching 14 km/s. Velocities as high as these will encounter significant heating during atmospheric re-entry to Earth. The purpose of this study has been to systematically investigate the aerothermodynamic challenges that will result from a Mars sample return, Earth-entry vehicle design. The goal was to enable efficient estimation of maximum stagnation point convective and radiative heating that will be encountered during Earth-entry over a wide range of spherically blunted cone angles, entry velocities, flight path angles, and ballistic coefficients. Assembling a robust and validated aerothermodynamic database for a potential Mars sample return Earth-entry vehicle has been accomplished by estimating peak heating over a wide range of possible designs. This goal was achieved by utilizing fundamental knowledge, along with the use of engineering analysis tools, such as POST2 (Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II) and LAURA (Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm) computational fluid dynamics analysis. The aerothermodynamic analysis conducted in this thesis provides a catalog of heating trends to be used for optimal selection of mission design constraints such as vehicle geometry, thermal protection system, and entry trajectory, with the primary goal of returning a Mars soil and atmospheric sample for thorough analysis on Earth; this acts as a step towards safely landing humans on the Martian surface

Slow light with a swept-frequency source

We introduce a new concept for stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-based slow light in optical fibers that is applicable for broadly-tunable frequency-swept sources. It allows slow light to be achieved, in principle, over the entire transparency window of the optical fiber. We demonstrate a slow light delay of 10 ns at 1550 nm using a 10-m-long photonic crystal fiber with a source sweep rate of 0.4 MHz/ns and a pump power of 200 mW. We also show that there exists a maximal delay obtainable by this method, which is set by the SBS threshold, independent of sweep rate. For our fiber with optimum length, this maximum delay is ~38 ns, obtained for a pump power of 760 mW.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure