2,375 research outputs found
Doping nature of native defects in 1T-TiSe2
The transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2 is a quasi two-dimensional
layered material with a charge density wave (CDW) transition temperature of
TCDW 200 K. Self-doping effects for crystals grown at different temperatures
introduce structural defects, modify the temperature dependent resistivity and
strongly perturbate the CDW phase. Here we study the structural and doping
nature of such native defects combining scanning tunneling
microscopy/spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The dominant native single
atom dopants we identify in our single crystals are intercalated Ti atoms, Se
vacancies and Se substitutions by residual iodine and oxygen.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
STM microscopy of the CDW in 1T-TiSe2 in the presence of single atom defects
We present a detailed low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy study of
the commensurate charge density wave (CDW) in 1-TiSe in the presence of
single atom defects. We find no significant modification of the CDW lattice in
single crystals with native defects concentrations where some bulk probes
already measure substantial reductions in the CDW phase transition signature.
Systematic analysis of STM micrographs combined with density functional theory
modelling of atomic defect patterns indicate that the observed CDW modulation
lies in the Se surface layer. The defect patterns clearly show there are no
2-polytype inclusions in the CDW phase, as previously found at room
temperature [Titov A.N. et al, Phys. Sol. State 53, 1073 (2011). They further
provide an alternative explanation for the chiral Friedel oscillations recently
reported in this compound [J. Ishioka et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 245125, (2011)].Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Recommended from our members
Crowding and visual search in high functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder
Purpose: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have demonstrated faster reaction times when searching for objects in a visual scene. One possible explanation for this observation is that the influence of crowding may not be as strong within this group compared to typically developing individuals.
Subjects and methods: We recruited 16 participants with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the age range of 20–58 years. The main experiments focused on determining the critical spacing for the correct identification of an ellipse’s orientation in the periphery when flanked by two circles with 81% correctly identified. The second experiment was an attempt to replicate previous studies that had demonstrated superior visual search in autism using reaction time, set-size slopes and intercepts as measures of search efficiency and pre-attentive processes.
Results: There were no significant group differences in the critical spacings for the crowded ellipses in the periphery (P = 0.358) or in the elliptical discrimination thresholds (P = 0.477). In addition there were no significant differences between groups in reaction times (P = 0.083), accuracy (P = 0.658) and set-size slopes (P = 0.976), however the intercept for the set-size slope function was significantly lower for the comparison group (P = 0.016).
Conclusions: The individuals we tested demonstrated neither immunity to crowding nor any advantage in the visual search task. Therefore, we failed to confirm that enhanced discrimination underlies superiority in visual search in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. This finding may be associated with the older age group investigated compared to previous studies and suggests that the underlying mechanism of superior visual search may not be a persistent feature of autism spectrum disorder
Memory, learning and language in autism spectrum disorder
Background and aims: The ‘dual-systems’ model of language acquisition has been used by Ullman and colleagues to explain patterns of strength and weakness in the language of higher-functioning people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, intact declarative/explicit learning is argued to compensate for a deficit in non-declarative/implicit procedural learning, constituting an example of the so-called ‘see-saw’ effect. Ullman and Pullman (2015) extended their argument concerning a see-saw effect on language in ASD to cover other perceived anomalies of behaviour, including impaired acquisition of social skills. The aim of this paper is to present a critique of Ullman and colleagues’ claims, and to propose an alternative model of links between memory systems and language in ASD.
Main contribution: We argue that a 4-systems model of learning, in which intact semantic and procedural memory are used to compensate for weaknesses in episodic memory and perceptual learning, can better explain patterns of language ability across the autistic spectrum. We also argue that attempts to generalise the ‘impaired implicit learning/spared declarative learning’ theory to other behaviours in ASD are unsustainable.
Conclusions: Clinically significant language impairments in ASD are under-researched, despite their impact on everyday functioning and quality of life. The relative paucity of research findings in this area lays it open to speculative interpretation which may be misleading.
Implications: More research is need into links between memory/learning systems and language impairments across the spectrum. Improved understanding should inform therapeutic intervention, and contribute to investigation of the causes of language impairment in ASD with potential implications for prevention
Soliton effects in dangling-bond wires on Si(001)
Dangling bond wires on Si(001) are prototypical one dimensional wires, which
are expected to show polaronic and solitonic effects. We present electronic
structure calculations, using the tight binding model, of solitons in
dangling-bond wires, and demonstrate that these defects are stable in
even-length wires, although approximately 0.1 eV higher in energy than a
perfect wire. We also note that in contrast to conjugated polymer systems,
there are two types of soliton and that the type of soliton has strong effects
on the energetics of the bandgap edges, with formation of intra-gap states
between 0.1 eV and 0.2 eV from the band edges. These intra-gap states are
localised on the atoms comprising the soliton.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev.
ALMA Observations of the Young Substellar Binary System 2M1207
We present ALMA observations of the 2M1207 system, a young binary made of a
brown dwarf with a planetary-mass companion at a projected separation of about
40 au. We detect emission from dust continuum at 0.89 mm and from the rotational transition of CO from a very compact disk around the young brown
dwarf. The small radius found for this brown dwarf disk may be due to
truncation from the tidal interaction with the planetary-mass companion. Under
the assumption of optically thin dust emission, we estimated a dust mass of 0.1
for the 2M1207A disk, and a 3 upper limit of for dust surrounding 2M1207b, which is the tightest upper
limit obtained so far for the mass of dust particles surrounding a young
planetary-mass companion. We discuss the impact of this and other
non-detections of young planetary-mass companions for models of planet
formation, which predict the presence of circum-planetary material surrounding
these objects.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A
Lattice Heavy Quark Effective Theory and the Isgur-Wise function
We compute the Isgur-Wise function using heavy quark effective theory
formulated on the lattice. The non-relativistic kinetic energy term of the
heavy quark is included to the action as well as terms remaining in the
infinite quark mass limit. The classical velocity of the heavy quark is
renormalized on the lattice and we determine the renormalized velocity
non-perturbatively using the energy-momentum dispersion relation. The slope
parameter of the Isgur-Wise function at zero recoil is obtained at
on a lattice for three values of .Comment: 14 pages of A4 format and 8 figures in one uuencoded postscript fil
Obliquity Constraints on an Extrasolar Planetary-Mass Companion
We place the first constraints on the obliquity of a planetary-mass companion outside of the solar system. Our target is the directly imaged system 2MASS J01225093–2439505 (2M0122), which consists of a 120 Myr 0.4 M⊙ star hosting a 12–27 M_J companion at 50 au. We constrain all three of the system's angular-momentum vectors: how the companion spin axis, the stellar spin axis, and the orbit normal are inclined relative to our line of sight. To accomplish this, we measure projected rotation rates (v sin i) for both the star and the companion using new near-infrared high-resolution spectra with NIRSPEC at Keck Observatory. We combine these with a new stellar photometric rotation period from TESS and a published companion rotation period from Hubble Space Telescope to obtain spin-axis inclinations for both objects. We also fitted multiple epochs of astrometry, including a new observation with NIRC2/Keck, to measure 2M0122b's orbital inclination. The three line-of-sight inclinations place limits on the true de-projected companion obliquity and stellar obliquity. We find that while the stellar obliquity marginally prefers alignment, the companion obliquity tentatively favors misalignment. We evaluate possible origin scenarios. While collisions, secular spin–orbit resonances, and Kozai–Lidov oscillations are unlikely, formation by gravitational instability in a gravito-turbulent disk—the scenario favored for brown dwarf companions to stars—appears promising
- …