Coagulation properties and Nostrano di Primiero cheese yield of milk from Brown grazing cows of different k-casein genotype

Propriet\ue0 di coagulazione e resa in Nostrano di Primiero del latte di vacche Brune al pascolo con differente genotipo per la k-caseina \u2013 Il latte prodotto in alpeggio da 16 bovine di razza Bruna Italiana con diverso genotipo per la k-caseina, 8 AA e 8 BB, \ue8 stato analizzato per composizione e caratteristiche reologiche. Lo stesso latte \ue8 stato trasformato in formaggio del tipo Nostrano di Primiero. La composizione del latte e il tempo di coagulazione (r) sono risultati simili tra i due tipi genetici, cos\uec come la composizione del siero e la resa in formaggio. Il tempo di rassodamento del coagulo (k20) e la sua consistenza (a30) sono risultati invece migliori per il tipo genetico BB rispetto all\u2019AA (4,2 min vs 7,9 min e 32,9 mm vs 25,2 mm)

Binding Energy Evaluation Platform: A Database of Quantum Chemical Binding Energy Distributions for the Astrochemical Community

The quality of astrochemical models is highly dependent on reliable binding energy (BE) values that consider the morphological and energetic variety of binding sites on the surface of ice-grain mantles. Here, we present the Binding Energy Evaluation Platform (BEEP) and database that, using quantum chemical methods, produces full BE distributions of molecules bound to an amorphous solid water (ASW) surface model. BEEP is highly automatized and allows one to sample binding sites on a set of water clusters and to compute accurate BEs. Using our protocol, we computed 21 BE distributions of interstellar molecules and radicals on an amorphized set of 15–18 water clusters of 22 molecules each. The distributions contain between 225 and 250 unique binding sites. We apply a Gaussian fit and report the mean and standard deviation for each distribution. We compare with existing experimental results and find that the low- and high-coverage experimental BEs coincide well with the high-BE tail and mean value of our distributions, respectively. Previously reported single BE theoretical values are broadly in line with ours, even though in some cases significant differences can be appreciated. We show how the use of different BE values impacts a typical problem in astrophysics, such as the computation of snow lines in protoplanetary disks. BEEP will be publicly released so that the database can be expanded to other molecules or ice models in a community effort

A novel framework for studying the impact of binding energy distributions on the chemistry of dust grains

The evaporation of molecules from dust grains is crucial to understanding some key aspects of the star- and the planet-formation processes. During the heating phase, the presence of young protostellar objects induces molecules to evaporate from the dust surface into the gas phase, enhancing its chemical complexity. Similarly, in circumstellar discs, the position of the so-called snow lines is determined by evaporation, with important consequences for the formation of planets. The amount of molecules that are desorbed depends on the interaction between the species and the grain surface, which is controlled by the binding energy. Recent theoretical and experimental works point towards a distribution of values for this parameter instead of the single value often employed in astrochemical models.We present a new "multi-binding energy" framework to assess the effects that a distribution of binding energies has on the amount of species bound to the grains. We find that the efficiency of the surface chemistry is significantly influenced by this process, with crucial consequences on the theoretical estimates of the desorbed species

A novel framework to study the impact of binding energy distributions on the chemistry of dust grains

The evaporation of molecules from dust grains is crucial to understand some key aspects of the star- and the planet-formation processes. During the warm-up phase the presence of young protostellar objects induces molecules to evaporate from the dust surface into the gas phase, enhancing its chemical complexity. Similarly, in circumstellar disks, the position of the so-called snow-lines is determined by evaporation, with important consequences for the formation of planets. The amount of molecules that are desorbed depends on the interaction between the species and the grain surface, which is controlled by the binding energy. Recent theoretical and experimental works point towards a distribution of values for this parameter instead of the single value often employed in astrochemical models.We present here a new "multi-binding energy" framework, to assess the effects that a distribution of binding energies has on the amount of species bound to the grains. We find that the efficiency of the surface chemistry is significantly influenced by this process with crucial consequences on the theoretical estimates of the desorbed species.Comment: Accepted A&

Sfrp1 deficiency makes retinal photoreceptors prone to degeneration

Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from impaired vision, a condition with multiple origins that often impinge upon the light sensing cells of the retina, the photoreceptors, affecting their integrity. The molecular components contributing to this integrity are however not yet fully understood. Here we have asked whether Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1) may be one of such factors. SFRP1 has a context-dependent function as modulator of Wnt signalling or of the proteolytic activity of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteases (ADAM) 10, a main regulator of neural cell-cell communication. We report that in Sfrp1^{-/-} mice, the outer limiting membrane (OLM) is discontinuous and the photoreceptors disorganized and more prone to light-induced damage. Sfrp1 loss significantly enhances the effect of the Rpe6^{Leu450Leu} genetic variant -present in the mouse genetic background- which confers sensitivity to light-induced stress. These alterations worsen with age, affect visual function and are associated to an increased proteolysis of Protocadherin 21 (PCDH21), localized at the photoreceptor outer segment, and N-cadherin, an OLM component. We thus propose that SFRP1 contributes to photoreceptor fitness with a mechanism that involves the maintenance of OLM integrity. These conclusions are discussed in view of the broader implication of SFRP1 in neurodegeneration and aging

Sistemi zootecnici delle aree alpine

Viene presentato il panorama italiano sulla zootecnia alpina, evidenziandone i punti di forza e le criticit\ue0 attraverso le varie aree dell'arco alpino

Systematic review of outcome measures of walking training using electromechanical and robotic devices in patients with stroke

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