La performance economique de la filiere tomate industrielle en Algerie

Dans ce papier, on rend compte de l'évolution de la filière "tomates industrielles" en Algérie. On y montre  d'abord que la production de tomates industrielles, depuis 1970, a connu un taux de croissance significatif, dépassant largement le taux de croissance démographique. Le taux a cependant été négatif en moyenne au cours des années 2000 suite à la concurrence des importations et à la baisse des capacités de transformation. On y montre ensuite – à partir d'une enquête qui a touché les deux principaux maillons de la filière (3 usines de transformation et 150 agriculteurs) – que la filière "tomates industrielles", malgré les difficultés de l’activité, génère des gains – plus ou moins significatifs mais toujours positifs - pour l’ensemble des acteurs.MOTS CLES: Industrie agroalimentaire, tomate, maraîchage

Analysis of social performance of the industrial tomatoes food chain in Algeria

International audienceThe social life cycle assessment approach is used to measure the social performance of companies, using the rules of international labor as a reference. Our purpose is to measure the social performance of sub-sectors of the industrial tomatoes food chain in Algeria. Among the different currents of this approach, the method of attributes was adopted. The system boundaries include a nursery, 150 farms and the biggest cannery of the country. The working conditions are clearly in favour of the cannery and the nursery. At farm level, the hard and precarious work, the absence of social protection and the impossibility to constitute or join a trade union, as well as child labour, determine low social performance. There is a mismatch between the labor time needed at each stage of production and the value assigned to each of these steps.La démarche d’analyse sociale de cycle de vie sert à mesurer la performance sociale des entreprises au regard des règles internationales du travail. Notre objectif est précisément de mesurer les performances sociales des sous secteurs d’activités de la filière tomates industrielles en Algérie. Parmi les divers courants de cette démarche, nous avons adopté la méthode des attributs. Le périmètre de notre système inclut une pépinière, 150 exploitations agricoles et une conserverie. Les conditions de travail sont très favorables à la conserverie et à la pépinière. Au niveau des exploitations agricoles, la pénibilité du travail, la précarité du poste, l’absence de toute protection sociale et l’impossibilité de se constituer en syndicat, le fort emploi des enfants, engendrent une faible performance sociale. Il y a inadéquation entre le temps de travail nécessaire à chaque stade de la production et la valeur attribuée à chacune de ces étapes

The modes adaptation function in a rectangular waveguide using an integrated taper metamaterial at microwave bandwidth

Volume 3 Issue 2 (February 2015

WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY CASE OF OXYLAG WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, MHAYA (MOROCCO)

The wastewater from the urban commune of Mhaya (Morocco) was rejected directly into Ben Kazza river without treatment. This situation caused a widespread, massive, varied and insidious pollution of the environment. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has been constructed in 2010 in order to preserve the nature surrounding the center. Called Oxylag, the plant has a nominal capacity of 6000 Equivalent Inhabitants. It is based on intensive treatment and it is considered as pilot and unique in Morocco. The treatment is consisting on three basins ventilated by insufflation of artificial air and a basin of finishing. The present study aim is the assessment of the purification performance of this plant during 2012, through the analysis of the pollution parameters (COD, BOD5 and TSS), which is the subject of the Moroccan standards on the quality of domestic wastewater defined by the decree Number 1607-06 of 25 July 2006. The results show a high purification performance in terms of carbon pollution removal (93% for BOD5, 79% for COD and 64% for TSS)

Impact of Ground Truth Annotation Quality on Performance of Semantic Image Segmentation of Traffic Conditions

Preparation of high-quality datasets for the urban scene understanding is a labor-intensive task, especially, for datasets designed for the autonomous driving applications. The application of the coarse ground truth (GT) annotations of these datasets without detriment to the accuracy of semantic image segmentation (by the mean intersection over union - mIoU) could simplify and speedup the dataset preparation and model fine tuning before its practical application. Here the results of the comparative analysis for semantic segmentation accuracy obtained by PSPNet deep learning architecture are presented for fine and coarse annotated images from Cityscapes dataset. Two scenarios were investigated: scenario 1 - the fine GT images for training and prediction, and scenario 2 - the fine GT images for training and the coarse GT images for prediction. The obtained results demonstrated that for the most important classes the mean accuracy values of semantic image segmentation for coarse GT annotations are higher than for the fine GT ones, and the standard deviation values are vice versa. It means that for some applications some unimportant classes can be excluded and the model can be tuned further for some classes and specific regions on the coarse GT dataset without loss of the accuracy even. Moreover, this opens the perspectives to use deep neural networks for the preparation of such coarse GT datasets.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, The Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Education Applications (ICCSEEA2019) 26-27 January 2019, Kiev, Ukrain

A high gain EDFA using double-pass dual-stage amplification

A new configuration of an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier is proposed. Double-Pass amplification in a Dual-Stage using a fiber loop-back is incorporated with a Tunable Band Pass Filter. Spontaneous emission is filtered-out in the mid-section to ensure efficient amplification of the signal as it propagates along the fiber. High gain of 54dB is achieved for - 50dBm signal power at 1550nm. The two stages were pumped by laser diodes operating at 980nm with 10mW and 90mW respectively

New erbium-doped fiber laser with a double tunable bandpass filter

A new configuration for an erbium-doped fiber laser is reported. It incorporates a linear cavity with fiber loopback and a tunable bandpass filter (TBF). This configuration suppresses the amplified spontaneous emission and achieves a highly stable output power of more than 18 dBm at 1560 nm. A standard spectrum is obtained with TBF adjustment

Comparison of the effect structure on ring and linear cavity lasers of erdoped optical fibers

Two erbium doped fiber laser configurations are conceived and constructed; A ring fiber laser and a linear cavity fiber loop laser. A comparative investigation tests were carried out. It is found that both the output power and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) for the two structures were significantly different. The measured laser power and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 11 mW and 75 dB respectively were higher for the linear cavity configuration. A lower output power and SMSR of 3 mW and 61.5 dB respectively were obtained with the ring laser configuration. Both lasers were pumped with a 90 mW pump power, and had a reflectivity of 90%

The influence of EDFA’s configurations on the behavioral trends of gain and noise figure

Various configurations have been conceived and tested for improvement of the gain and noise figures in Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s). Single pass (SP), double pass (DP), triple pass (TP) and quadruple pass (QP), are employed in the investigation. The highest gain and highest noise figure (NF) of 54dB and 7dB respectively are obtained at -50 dBm input power with 90 mW pump power using the QP configuration, while and the lowest gain of 23dB and lowest NF of 3dB are obtained at -50 dBm input power with 90 mW pump power for SP configuration

A novel Erbium-doped Fiber Laser source (EDFL)

A novel configuration of a new erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) is constructed and analyzed. It utilizes embedded fiber-loop mirrors, tunable filters with a linear laser oscillation. Implementing the linear cavity fiber loop (LCFL) as a new configuration using three circulators and two tunable band-pass filters (TBF), the output power in the single wavelength (SW) laser was improved. The output power of the proposed laser system is more than 18 dBm at 1560 nm. The side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) in the output power in this experiment was also high, greater than 64 dB. It is found that the double filtering technique in the proposed configuration enables the system to achieve higher power and lower amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise levels