11 research outputs found

    Assimilation multi-échelle dans un modèle météorologique régional

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    TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les besoins en observations pour la recherche atmosphérique

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    Simulation et assimilation de données radar pour la prévision de la convection profonde à fine échelle

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    TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocTOULOUSE-Observ. Midi Pyréné (315552299) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Assimilation de données d'images télédétectées en météorologie

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    L évolution libre des fluides géostrophiques turbulents bidimensionnels fait apparaitre des tourbillons présentant une grande cohérence spatio-temporelle. Les écoulements atmosphériques tridimensionnels présentent également ce genre de structures cohérentes, notamment dans les champs de tourbillon potentiel. Certains aspects de la cyclogenèse semblent gouvernés, ou très sensibles, à la position et à l intensité de ces anomalies. Les images des satellites géostationnaires permettent par ailleurs de visualiser les signatures de ces phénomènes, appelées intrusions sèches. Une première partie du travail adapte des outils de traitement d image à la détection et au suivi des intrusions sèches sur les images vapeur d eau. On utilise une approche basée sur des multi-seuillages et le suivi automatisé de structures (logiciel RDT). Le développement de caractéristiques supplémentaires s avère nécessaire afin de sélectionner les intrusions associées à des événements dynamiques importants. L une d entre elles utilise l information sur le courant-jet à partir de vents d altitude de l ébauche. Un deuxième volet s applique à dégager une méthodologie de correction des structures en tourbillon potentiel à partir de ces informations. L assimilation de données conventionnelle ne permet pas d initialiser spécifiquement les structures. Nous décrivons les méthodes alternatives et étudions les possibilités, et limitations, d une méthodologie basée sur l assimilation de pseudo-observations. Cela débouche en particulier sur une version renouvelée de la relation entre vapeur d eau et tourbillon potentiel. Les outils développés sont appliqués à la prévision de la tempête des Landes (2006). L utilisation de données de concentration d ozone est finalement évoquée comme une méthode alternative d initialisation du tourbillon potentiel à la tropopauseIsolated vortices have been shown to emerge in two-dimensional and geostrophic turbulent flows. Coherent structures are apparent in three-dimensional atmospheric flows as well, and may share the property to determine the non-linear evolution and the predictability of the flow. Potential vorticity anomalies have indeed been shown to be of primary importance for cyclogenesis of mid-latitude storms. Their signature can be detected in satellite water vapour images and are known as dry intrusions. The first part of this work proceeds the tracking of dry intrusions on images. We use image processing tools based on thresholding algorithm, and develop additional filters to select relevant cells. One of this filters uses dynamical information on the jet from the background upper-level wind. We highlight the fact that conventional data assimilation does not handle coherent structures, and describe alternative procedures. We focus then on the assimilation of bogussed potential vorticity observations. This leads to a new vision of the relationship between water vapour and potential vorticity. The case study of the storms that has affected the Landes region in 2006 is then presented. We finally pinpoint ozone data as an alternative way to improve the initialization of upper-level potential vorticityPARIS-EST-Université (770839901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Overview towards improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to heavy precipitation in the western Mediterranean: lessons learned from HyMeX

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    Inter-journal (ACP/AMT/GMD/HESS/NHESS/OS) Special Issue: Hydrological cycle in the MediterraneanInternational audienceHeavy precipitation (HP) constitutes a major meteorological threat in the western Mediterranean (WMed). Every year, recurrent events affect the area with fatal consequences for infrastructure and personal losses. Despite this being a well-known issue widely investigated in the past, open questions still remain. Particularly, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the modeling representation of the events must be improved. One of the major goals of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX; 2010–2020) has been to advance knowledge on this topic. In this article, we present an overview of the most recent lessons learned from HyMeX towards an improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to HP in the WMed. The unique network of instruments deployed as well as the use of finer model resolutions and coupled models provided an unprecedented opportunity to validate numerical model simulations, develop improved parameterizations, and design high-resolution ensemble modeling approaches and sophisticated assimilation techniques across scales. All in all, HyMeX, and particularly the science team heavy precipitation, favored the evidencing of theoretical results, the enrichment of our knowledge on the genesis and evolution of convection in a complex topography environment, and the improvement of precipitation forecasts. Illustratively, the intervention of cyclones and warm conveyor belts in the occurrence of heavy precipitation has been pointed out, and the crucial role of the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric water vapor for the understanding and accurate forecast of the timing and location of deep convection has been evidenced, as has the complex interaction among processes across scales. The importance of soil and ocean conditions and the interactions among systems were highlighted, and such systems were specifically developed in the framework of HyMeX to improve the realism of weather forecasts. Furthermore, the benefits of cross-disciplinary efforts within HyMeX have been a key asset in bringing our knowledge about heavy precipitation in the Mediterranean region a step forward
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