Formaliser la politique documentaire de la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Sciences et Techniques de l’Université de Rouen : la Charte des Collections.

Projet Professionnel Personnalisé, ponctuant la formation de Bibliothécaire, sur la mise en place d\u27une Charte documentaire au SCD de l\u27université de Rouen

La recherche juridique sur les prélèvements biologiques réalisés dans le cadre des autopsies et objets de scellés judiciaires. Nécessité d'une adaptation législative

Currently, it is legally impossible to conduct scientific research on tissue and organ samples taken from forensic autopsies. In fact, the law schedules the destruction of such samples at the end of the judicial investigation, and the common law rules governing cadaver research cannot be applied to the forensic context. However, nothing seems in itself to stand in the way of such research since, despite their specific nature, these samples from forensic autopsies could be subject, following legislative amendments, to common law relating to medical research on samples taken from deceased persons. But an essential legislative amendment will have the goal firstly to allow the Biomedicine Agency to become authorized to issue a research permit and secondly, to change the research conditions in terms of the non-opposition of the deceased to the said research. Such an amendment would be a true breakthrough because it would allow teams to continue to move forward calmly in research, and allow this research to be placed within a legal framework, which would promote international exchanges

La représentation du régicide dans le théâtre d’actualité au début du xviie siècle

Au tournant du xvie et du xviie siècle, Jacques de Fonteny et Claude Billard s’emparent des régicides d’Henri III et d’Henri IV pour les porter à la scène. Pour représenter cette question d’actualité à la fois délicate et scandaleuse, les dramaturges partagent le même choix d’une distanciation, mais en infléchissant selon leurs propres stratégies artistiques et politiques la représentation de l’irreprésentable : la mise à mort du corps royalAt the turn of the XVIth and XVIIth century, Jacques de Fonteny and Claude Billard choose the regicides of Henry III and Henry IV as theatrical subjects. Putting on stage this sensitive topic the two playwrights naturally have to adopt a position of distance towards this scandalous event. Their choices, however, nevertheless mirror their own artistic and political strategies in representing the unrepresentable: the murder of the royal bod

La représentation du régicide dans le théâtre d’actualité au début du xviie siècle

Au tournant du xvie et du xviie siècle, Jacques de Fonteny et Claude Billard s’emparent des régicides d’Henri III et d’Henri IV pour les porter à la scène. Pour représenter cette question d’actualité à la fois délicate et scandaleuse, les dramaturges partagent le même choix d’une distanciation, mais en infléchissant selon leurs propres stratégies artistiques et politiques la représentation de l’irreprésentable : la mise à mort du corps royalAt the turn of the XVIth and XVIIth century, Jacques de Fonteny and Claude Billard choose the regicides of Henry III and Henry IV as theatrical subjects. Putting on stage this sensitive topic the two playwrights naturally have to adopt a position of distance towards this scandalous event. Their choices, however, nevertheless mirror their own artistic and political strategies in representing the unrepresentable: the murder of the royal bod

Control of shoot and root growth by water deficit in Arabidopsis thaliana (a parallel analysis using artificial and natural mapping populations)

Le maintien de la croissance foliaire en situation de déficit hydrique résulte du maintien de l absorption racinaire et de la production de biomasse au niveau foliaire. Pour optimiser les deux processus, la plante ajuste la croissance de ses organes, et la répartition de la biomasse produite, entre les différents organes (root/shoot ratio) ou au sein de chaque organe (surface foliaire spécifique, longueur racinaire spécifique). Les principaux objectifs de ce travail de thèse étaient (i) d évaluer l impact des modifications de répartition de biomasse sur le maintien de la croissance foliaire en situation de déficit hydrique, (ii) de relier la réponse de la croissance d un génotype aux caractéristiques de son habitat d origine, and (iii) d identifier les régions du génome responsables de la variation des croissances foliaires et racinaires en situation de déficit hydrique. Différent types de populations d Arabidopsis thaliana ont été utilisés, une population de lignées recombinantes, ainsi que différents groupes d accessions collectées dans des environnements naturels contrastés. Une analyse des relations allométriques entre les variables foliaires et racinaires en conditions de culture optimales puis en situation de déficit hydrique a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle clé de la surface foliaire spécifique dans l amélioration de la tolérance au déficit hydrique. Une caractérisation détaillée du climat des régions dans lesquelles les accessions avaient été collectées a permis de faire le lien entre la tolérance accrue de certains génotypes et la faible balance climatique dans laquelle ils évoluaient. Enfin, en utilisant ces génotypes, une analyse de génétique quantitative (combinant recherche de QTL et génétique d association) a été menée. Les régions génomiques controllant les croissances foliaires et racinaires étaient très liées, en particulier en situation hydrique optimale, mais le calcul de variables utilisant la croissance de la plante comme cofacteur a permis d identifier des régions spécifiques de la croissance racinaire, dont une a été confirmée en utilisant des lignées quasi isogéniques. En situation de contrainte hydrique, les déterminants génétiques des croissances foliaires et racinaires étaient moins liés, et plusieurs régions très fortement associées spécifiquement aux variations de croissance racinaire ou foliaire ont été détectées. Des régions associées au maintien de la croissance foliaire en situation de déficit hydrique ont pu être mises en évidence, et la précision des études de génétique d association a permis de réveler la présence de gènes d intéret dans ces régions.Growth maintenance under water deficit mainly results from the maintenance of water uptake at the root level,and assimilates production by leaves. To optimize both processes, plant need to adjust organ growth and biomassallocation patterns between roots and shoots (root/shoot ratio), but also within the organs, through specific leaf areaand specific root length variations. The main objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the impact of growth andbiomass allocation patterns modifications on growth maintenance under drought conditions, (ii) to rely the genotypicresponses to water deficit conditions and the climatic features of the natural environment in which they evolved, and(iii) to identify the key genetic regions responsible for shoot and root growth variation in response to water deficitconditions. We used different sets of genotypes, a population of recombinant inbred lines, and different sets ofaccessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, collected in a wide range of environments. An analysis of the allometricrelationships between shoot and root growth related variables under both well watered and water deficit conditionsallowed to highlight the importance of specific leaf area plasticity to maintain plant growth under water deficit. Adetailed climatic characterization of the natural habitats of the accessions studied, combined to the evaluation ofgrowth response to water deficit in these accessions allowed connecting low climatic water balance to better toleranceto water deficit conditions in specific regions, suggesting that this climatic feature could have shaped the evolution ofgenotypes in certain regions. Finally, using these two sets of genotypes, joint linkage and linkage disequilibriumanalysis were performed on growth related traits under well watered and water deficit conditions. Some genetic regionsinvolved in the control of root and shoot related traits were strongly coupled, especially in well watered experiments,but we managed to identify root specific regions using calculated variables that takes global plant growth as a cofactor.Under water deficit, the regions controlling root and shoot growth were less associated, and very strong QTL weredetected, specifically associated to one or the other part. Genomic regions associated to growth response to waterdeficit were also detected, and the accuracy of association mapping enabled to identify target genes that could be playa role in growth maintenance under drought.MONTPELLIER-SupAgro La Gaillarde (341722306) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cerebral and Peripheral Changes Occurring in Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthesis in a Rat Model of Sleeping Sickness: Identification of Brain iNOS Expressing Cells

International audienceBACKGROUND: The implication of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) using an animal model, was examined. The manner by which the trypanocidal activity of NO is impaired in the periphery and in the brain of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) was analyzed through: (i) the changes occurring in NO concentration in both peripheral (blood) and cerebral compartments; (ii) the activity of nNOS and iNOS enzymes; (iii) identification of the brain cell types in which the NO-pathways are particularly active during the time-course of the infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: NO concentration (direct measures by voltammetry) was determined in central (brain) and peripheral (blood) compartments in healthy and infected animals at various days post-infection: D5, D10, D16 and D22. Opposite changes were observed in the two compartments. NO production increased in the brain (hypothalamus) from D10 (+32%) to D16 (+71%), but decreased in the blood from D10 (-22%) to D16 (-46%) and D22 (-60%). In parallel with NO measures, cerebral iNOS activity increased and peaked significantly at D16 (up to +700%). However, nNOS activity did not vary. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed iNOS activation in several brain regions, particularly in the hypothalamus. In peritoneal macrophages, iNOS activity decreased from D10 (-83%) to D16 (-65%) and D22 (-74%) similarly to circulating NO. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The NO changes observed in our rat model were dependent on iNOS activity in both peripheral and central compartments. In the periphery, the NO production decrease may reflect an arginase-mediated synthesis of polyamines necessary to trypanosome growth. In the brain, the increased NO concentration may result from an enhanced activity of iNOS present in neurons and glial cells. It may be regarded as a marker of deleterious inflammatory reactions

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in an infant: diagnostic role of viral genome analysis.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is related to "defective" measles virus or vaccination, though an association with parainfluenza viruses has been reported. SSPE is characterized by a slow, erratic course and elevated cerebrospinal fluid measles titers. An immunocompetent, vaccinated infant, with onset of symptoms in parainfluenza virus season and a catastrophic course is described. Cerebrospinal fluid titers were negative, but postmortem brain had typical SSPE lesions. Patient brain-derived RNA, subjected to reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction yielded polymerase chain reaction products with measles virus but not parainfluenza virus genes. The sequenced fragment revealed multiple mutations, typical for SSPE. SSPE can thus present in infants, with short latency and no cerebrospinal fluid antibodies. Viral genomic analysis may be diagnostic, permitting early therapy