Ethnobotanical Study, Anatomical Study and Phytochemical Screening of Aristolochia longa L.

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is used in Algerian traditional medicine. The ethnobotanical study conducted in the region of Setif (East Algeria) has as an objective of evaluating the potential of the region of Aristolochia longa L. used in the treatment of different diseases. A questionnaire was used which consisted of the diseases treated by this plant, the part of the plant used in the treatment and how to use this plant. The survey targeted 100 people from the local population. We also evaluated the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers. Our results showed that A. longa is widely used to treat several ailments such as cancer (43%), diabetes (17%), and treatment of wounds in cattle (12%), and intestinal and stomach diseases (9 and 7%), the most used part is tubers by 70%.Crushed tubers are commonly mixed with honey(44%), milk(24%), water (8%). Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that A. longa contained various bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and Alkaloids. In addition, there is very little information concerning the anatomical and morphological structure of this species of Setif region (Algeria), a preliminary study on anatomy of this plant is therefore reported in this paper. These preliminary results could be used to justify the traditional use of this plant and their bioactive substances could be exploited for therapeutic purposes such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, and may be considered as a promising source of new drugs for treating cancer. Keywords: Aristolochia longa L., ethnobotany Setif(Algeria), anatomical study of plant, phytochemical screening

Chemical composition, antibacterial activity of essential oil and anatomical study of Chrysanthemum morifolium

The aim of this study is to identify the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The analysis and identification of essential oil which obtained by hydrodistilation method were realized by gaz chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was tested by using the agar diffusion test and the Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Kleibseilla pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Shigella sonnei were used to evaluate this activity. This analysis led to the identification of 26 compounds representing 88.40 % of the total essential oil mass. The major compound was Verbenone (17.33 %). Other components present in appreciable contents were: Chrysanthenone (9.71%). 4-epi-cubedol (07.25%) and δ-Cadinol (05.29 %). Essential oil of Chrysanthemum morifolium exhibited an antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria, like those observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (35±1.2mm) and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 (21±0.87mm), however Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ATCC  27853  and  Kleibseilla  pneumoniae  ATCC  700603                      were resistant. The anatomical study showed the presence of several types of trichomes including the glands secreted for essential oils and protector trichomes. Keywords: essential oil, antibacterial activity, Chrysanthemum morifolium, anatomical study, chemical compositio

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF TEUCRIUM POLIUM L.

Objective: The aim of this work is the simplification of the exploitation of medicinal plants that are widely spread in Algeria such as Teucrium polium and search for new biological molecules; first, we performed an anatomical study of the plant to identify their characteristics, then a chemical analysis of its essential oils to identify the active substances contained in this plant; finally, we tested the antibacterial properties of this essential oil. Methods: The extraction of essential oils was carried out by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chromatographic analysis of HE of this plant was performed with a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph (GC) controlled pore glass (CPG)/FID 7890, coupled to a GC: CPG/mass spectrometry (MS) 7890/5975C. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method. The cross sections were manually prepared and the coloring process was done using double coloration method. Results: The results show that the extraction yield was 0.7. The extraction produced yellowish essential oils with a very strong odor. Twenty-seven compounds were identified by GC and GC/MS, the major compounds were β-pinène (30.61%) followed by carvacrol (13.09%) and α-pinène (10.40%). Essential oils of this plant exhibited an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureu, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant. The anatomical study of this plant shows three different types of glandular trichomes on leaves and stems. Conclusion: This study allowed identifying the anatomical characteristics of T. polium as well as the chemical composition of their essential oil. It has also been shown that this essential oil has an important and significant antibacterial activity

Plants of genus Mentha: From farm to food factory

Genus Mentha, a member of Lamiaceae family, encompasses a series of species used on an industrial scale and with a well-described and developed culture process. Extracts of this genus are traditionally used as foods and are highly valued due to the presence of significant amounts of antioxidant phenolic compounds. Many essential oil chemotypes show distinct aromatic flavor conferred by different terpene proportions. Mint extracts and their derived essential oils exert notable effects against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi or yeasts, tested both in vitro or in various food matrices. Their chemical compositions are well-known, which suggest and even prompt their safe use. In this review, genus Mentha plant cultivation, phytochemical analysis and even antimicrobial activity are carefully described. Also, in consideration of its natural origin, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, a special emphasis was given to mint-derived products as an interesting alternative to artificial preservatives towards establishing a wide range of applications for shelf-life extension of food ingredients and even foodstuffs. Mentha cultivation techniques markedly influence its phytochemical composition. Both extracts and essential oils display a broad spectrum of activity, closely related to its phytochemical composition. Therefore, industrial implementation of genus Mentha depends on its efficacy, safety and neutral taste.This work was supported by the Vice-chancellor for Research Affairs of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Desarrollo from University of Concepción, Chile (216.073.031-1.0IN and 217.073.033-1.0). A. Sureda was supported by the Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences (CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038). Acknowledgments: N.M. thank to Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT–Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

Ethnobotanical Study, Anatomical Study and Phytochemical Screening of Aristolochia longa L.

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is used in Algerian traditional medicine. The ethnobotanical study conducted in the region of Setif (East Algeria) has as an objective of evaluating the potential of the region of Aristolochia longa L. used in the treatment of different diseases. A questionnaire was used which consisted of the diseases treated by this plant, the part of the plant used in the treatment and how to use this plant. The survey targeted 100 people from the local population. We also evaluated the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers. Our results showed that A. longa is widely used to treat several ailments such as cancer (43%), diabetes (17%), and treatment of wounds in cattle (12%), and intestinal and stomach diseases (9 and 7%), the most used part is tubers by 70%.Crushed tubers are commonly mixed with honey(44%), milk(24%), water (8%). Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that A. longa contained various bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and Alkaloids. In addition, there is very little information concerning the anatomical and morphological structure of this species of Setif region (Algeria), a preliminary study on anatomy of this plant is therefore reported in this paper. These preliminary results could be used to justify the traditional use of this plant and their bioactive substances could be exploited for therapeutic purposes such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, and may be considered as a promising source of new drugs for treating cancer.&#x0D; Keywords: Aristolochia longa L., ethnobotany Setif(Algeria), anatomical study of plant, phytochemical screening.</jats:p

Chemical composition, antibacterial activity of essential oil and anatomical study of Chrysanthemum morifolium

The aim of this study is to identify the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The analysis and identification of essential oil which obtained by hydrodistilation method were realized by gaz chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was tested by using the agar diffusion test and the Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Kleibseilla pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Shigella sonnei were used to evaluate this activity. This analysis led to the identification of 26 compounds representing 88.40 % of the total essential oil mass. The major compound was Verbenone (17.33 %). Other components present in appreciable contents were: Chrysanthenone (9.71%). 4-epi-cubedol (07.25%) and δ-Cadinol (05.29 %). Essential oil of Chrysanthemum morifolium exhibited an antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria, like those observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (35±1.2mm) and Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 (21±0.87mm), however Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ATCC  27853  and  Kleibseilla  pneumoniae  ATCC  700603                      were resistant. The anatomical study showed the presence of several types of trichomes including the glands secreted for essential oils and protector trichomes.&#x0D; Keywords: essential oil, antibacterial activity, Chrysanthemum morifolium, anatomical study, chemical composition</jats:p

Effect of nanoencapsulation on volatile constituents, and antioxidant and anticancer activities of Algerian Origanum glandulosum Desf. essential oil

AbstractNanoencapsulation is an attractive novel technique used for incorporating essential oils in food preparations and pharmaceutical formulae. This study investigated the effect of nanoencapsulation on the composition of volatile compounds, as well as the antioxidant and anticancer activities of hydrodistilled (HD) Origanum glandulosum Desf. Oil, which was encapsulated into nanocapsules via High Speed Homogenization (HSH) and into nanoemulsions through High Pressure Homogenization (HPH). Thirty-two volatile components were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) in HD essential oil representing 99.04% of the total oil content. GC-MS analysis showed that the use of HPH to prepare nanoemulsions negatively affected the active compounds present in HD oil, particularly carvacrol and thymol, whereas the use of HSH led to significant quantitative differences in the composition of volatiles between HD oil and nanocapsules but generated the same profile. Consistent with the differences in total phenolics, total flavonoids, and volatiles identified in HD and nanoparticles, HD essential oil exhibited a higher antioxidant activity (IC50 4.22 mg/mL) than nanocapsules (IC50 57.51 mg/mL) and nanoemulsion (IC50 78.50 mg/mL), while nanocapsules showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on liver cancer cell line Hep-G2 (54.93 μg/mL) in comparison to HD oil (73.13 μg/mL) and nanoemulsions (131.6 μg/mL).</jats:p

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of two wild olive subspecies <i>Olea europaea</i> L.var. sylvestris and the endemic olive <i>Olea europaea</i> subsp. <i>lapperinie</i> from Algeria

Two wild olive subspecies are fixed in this research: Olea europaea L.var. sylvestris and Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei despite its ecological value, the chemical composition of subsp. laperrinei oil remains unknown. The samples were harvested from the different geographical area. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis of Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris allowed the identification of 29 compounds oil with Nonanal (11.82%), theaspiranea A (9.81%), 3-hexen-1-ol,benzoate(9.31%) as a major constituents, while in the subspecies of the Saharan region 31 compounds were separated, where α-pinene (16%), β-Ocimene (12.82%), dl-Limonene (8.20%) were the main components. The results of the disc diffusion method showed that the two volatile oils have efficient antibacterial activity but, subsp. laperrinei essential oil has a higher range of inhibition, in which P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis showed an extreme sensitivity, while the K. pneumoniae bacterium shows a great resistance to the two essential oils.</p