La qualification en droit international privé

La détermination du régime juridique applicable à une situation privée internationale présuppose sa connaissance, c’est-à-dire la détermination de sa nature juridique, donc sa qualification. La démarche suppose une comparaison d’un donné conceptuel — le fait qualifié — au contenu de la norme légale ; cette comparaison a pour but de vérifier que les concepts désignant la situation concrète sont équivalents aux concepts délimitant la norme. Le contexte dans lequel se réalise l’« alchimie » de la qualification permet d’apercevoir un aspect très souvent occulté de la qualification : le fait qu’elle est au service d’une certaine politique législative. De surcroît, l’appartenance des ordres juridiques à des mondes fortement dissemblables confère à la qualification une vertu et une importance peu connues, celle de refléter les valeurs du for. Ainsi, les préoccupations d’ordre matériel ne sont pas totalement exclues de l’opération de qualification.Determination of the law applicable to a private international situation presupposes knowledge thereof, namely the determining of its legal nature, hence its characterization. This requires the comparison of a conceptual given — the fact to be characterized — with the contents of a legal norm, a comparison that seeks to confirm that the concepts designating the actual situation are equivalent to those circumscribing the legal norm. The context in which the “alchemy” of characterization occurs then makes it possible to perceive an aspect quite often obscured from it : the fact that it serves a certain legislative policy. Moreover, the position of legal systems within the context of strongly dissimilar cultures bestows upon characterization a rarely observed virtue and importance : reflecting the values of the lex fori. Therefore, concerns of a substantive nature are not totally excluded from the operation of characterization in private international law

Performance et restructuration: Le cas SAÏDAL

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’évolution de la performance de SAÏDAL suite à sa restructuration  débutée en 1997. Le concept de performance est traité dans la première partie afin de dégager une approche susceptible de mesurer l’évolution de la performance de SAÏDAL. Moyennant une approche basée sur le Tableau de bord prospectif de Kaplan et Norton, la performance de SAÏDAL est développée par rapport à quatre axes – 1) Financier ; 2) Client ; 3) Processus internes ; 4) Apprentissage et croissance. Les résultats, ainsi obtenus, sont discutés dans la dernière partie d’où il ressort que SAÏDAL connaît deux paradoxes. L’analyse conclut que, sur la période étudiée, la performance globale de SAÏDAL s’est contractée.MOTS CLEFS: Performance, restructuration, Tableau de bord prospectif, SAÏDA

Las dimensiones internacionales del conflicto del Sahara occidental y sus repercusiones para una alternativa marroquí

La cuestión del Sahara occidental es actualmente uno de los temas inscritos en las agendas del Consejo de Seguridad y de la Asamblea General de la ONU, en espera del encauzamiento definitivo del proceso de paz por ahora estancado. Los observadores coinciden en considerar que la persistencia del conflicto prolonga una situación de injusticia para el pueblo de dicho territorio, afecta seriamente a la paz y a la seguridad de la región del Maghreb y, en consecuencia, repercute profundamente en las relaciones de ésta con su vecindad europea. Para España, el asunto del Sahara occidental, “no es un tema cualquiera”. Antigua potencia colonial, miembro actual del Consejo de Seguridad, España fue a la vez parte en y del problema en sus orígenes y debe ser cuanto menos parte en su solución. En este sentido, la exitosa transición democrática le ha proporcionado al país un “estatus internacional” de gran peso que le permite jugar un papel significativo en la solución justa y definitiva del conflicto en su antigua colonia, pieza clave en la configuración futura de una región con enormes recursos, que tiene una “cornisa” próxima a Cádiz, otra a Almería y un flanco a poca distancia de Canarias. Las oportunidades de una solución justa en el ex-Sahara Español abiertas hoy en la ONU, ya sea con el Plan de Arreglo o con el Plan Baker de julio de 2003, ofrecen una convincente justificación –la legalidad internacional– complementaria para el desempeño de ese papel. Esto es posible y altamente deseable. En este trabajo, forzosamente limitado por el espacio disponible, intentaré mostrar también que una solución justa y definitiva al conflicto ofrece alternativas más viables y más atractivas a la monarquía marroquí que la fijación obsesiva en el llamado “Gran Marruecos”

Numerical Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes while the Desorption of Hydrogen Gas Stored in MmNi4.6Fe0.4-H6

This work presents a numerical investigation of two-dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer processes in a unit disc of an annulus-disc reactor filled with the intermetallic (Mischmetal) compound MmNi4.6Fe0.4, during the hydrogen gas desorption using the finite volume method. Temperature and amount of desorbed hydrogen and their time-averaged quantities inside the metal hydride bed are presented for different heat transfer fluid temperatures, and different metal thermal conductivities. Impacts of both effects on the metal hydride reactor performance in terms of discharging time are examined by means of a set of numerical simulations. Thus, the dehydriding time minimization relates to the adjustment of the amount of heat addition to the packed bed reactor. A good agreement was found between the present computational results and the experimental data reported in the literature

Le profil entrepreneurial : Facteur discriminant du developpement economique

Le développement économique est un objectif majeur pour tout pays. Selon le  classement établi par le Forum économique mondial, le développement économique dépend du niveau du PIB per capita et de la part des exportations des biens minéraux dans l’exportation totale. A partir de la base de données GEM Algérie, nous montrons que le profil entrepreneurial, en tant qu’ensemble cohérent, est un bien meilleur discriminant du niveau de développement d’une économie que la part des exportations des biens minéraux dans l’exportation totale. Nous avons trouvé qu’il était possible d'identifier les composantes corrélées du profil de l’entrepreneur algérien et qu’elles reflétaient convenablement le stade de développement de l'Algérie par rapport à la classification proposée par Porter. Cela nous a permis de faire des suggestions pratiques aux pouvoirs publics algériens afin d'influencer positivement la compétitivité de l’économie de ce pays.Mots clés : Développement économique, Profil entrepreneurial, Compétitivité, GEM.Codes JEL: O1, L26

Using Major Ion and Stables Isotopes to Characterize Groundwater Recharge and Hydrochemical Processes in a Mountain-Plain Area: A Case Study in High-Atlas of Marrakech, Morocco

Piedmont landscape is especially important as groundwater recharge zones. Determination groundwater recharge origin and qualitatively, evaluate their contribution on groundwater in piedmont area of Haouz plain was based on the use of geochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater, surface water and springs of the contact zone between the High-Atlas Chain and the Haouz plain.  The correspondence in the space evolution of the various chemical elements of evaporitic origin (SO42-, Cl-, Sr2+) in groundwater, piedmont springs, and surface water reveals the existence of recharge water from the adjacent High-Atlas Chain. The various recharge modes of the different aquifers (High Atlas and Haouz plain) determined by isotopic analysis, shows that the source of groundwater both for the alluvial aquifer of Haouz and piedmont seems to be composite between a direct infiltration on the High-Atlas tributaries and a remote recharge from the bordering High Atlas aquifers. Remarkable mountain bloc recharge was observed in the piedmont area near the axis of syncline structures, which have layers of Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits and control groundwater mineralization both in piedmont and plain. Keywords: Groundwater recharge, Interaction groundwater-river, Mountain block recharge, Isotopic signature, Hydrochemical proces

Inflation dynamics in Algeria: estimation of the hybrid new Keynesian Phillips Curve

The aim of this paper is to estimate the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve for Algeria on the period 1994-2011. In the first part, the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve is discussed theoretically for the purpose of highlighting the equation to be estimated. The second part is devoted to the presentation of the data. The obtainedresults confirm those gotten in the literature. Our data analysis suggests that the nature of inflation dynamics in Algeria doesn’t match the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve.Keywords: Inflation, Phillips curve, Output gap, AlgeriaJEL CLASSIFICATION : E3, E5, C

Students' Responses and Perceptions in Learning Strategy of Ilmu al-Badi Based on Mind Maps l Istijabat al-Talabah wa Tasawuratihim fi Tatbiq Istiratijiyyah Ta’lim ‘Ilmi al-Badi’ al-Qaimah ‘ala al-Kharait al-Dzihniyyah

The Learning situation during the pandemic of Covid-19 was very concerning and giving impact on students' understanding. Mind Map strategy is one of the most effective ways to streamline and improve the quality of learning. This study aimed to determine the extent to which students' responses and perceptions in implementing mind map-based Arabic language learning strategies for students of the Arabic Language and Literature Department fifth semester of Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene, West Sulawesi. This research was classified as a quantitative research with a survey research design. The data source for this research was students of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature in the fifth semester of Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene, West Sulawesi. The data collection was carried out through interviews with respondents and using a questionnaire which was distributed to respondents after learning using the mind map strategy. The data analysis used was descriptive and a Likert scale was used to measure and to identify qualitative and quantitative data. The results of this study were students' responses to the learning strategies of ilmu Badi' based on mind maps increased their grade significantly.  Student's perception of the learning strategy stated they understood the material easier, more efficient, and more enjoyable. They were given time to understand the material. These results confirmed the previous studies results and became recommendation about the application of a Mind Map strategy in learning which was efficient and able to increase students' understanding