68 research outputs found

    Olefin Metathesis by Group VI (Mo, W) Metal Compounds

    Get PDF
    Olefin metathesis is an important reaction not only in petroleum chemistry but also in fine chemistry. Professors Grubbs, Schrock, and Chauvin obtained the Nobel Prize in 2005 for the development of this reaction (determination of the mechanism and synthesis of homogeneous catalysts). This reaction can be described as the redistribution of carbon chains of olefins via a breaking of their C═C double bonds. It is catalyzed by metal carbenes and the catalytic cycle passes through a metallacyclobutane. The purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of catalysts based on tungsten or molybdenum active for this reaction. Numerous tungsten and molybdenum organometallic complexes displaying a carbene functionality were synthesized. Some of them are highly active in olefin metathesis. Industrially, tungsten oxide on silica is used as a precursor of the propene production by olefin metathesis of but-2-ene and ethylene. However, the active sites are not well known but they can be modeled by grafting, via surface organometallic chemistry, perhydrocarbyl complexes of molybdenum or tungsten on oxide surfaces. After a review of the complexes used in homogeneous catalysis, a review of the industrial catalysts and their models will be given

    What is known about melatonin, chemotherapy and altered gene expression in breast cancer

    Get PDF
    Melatonin, synthesized in and released from the pineal gland, has been demonstrated by multiple in vivo and in vitro studies to have an oncostatic role in hormone?dependent tumors. Furthermore, several clinical trials point to melatonin as a promising adjuvant molecule to be considered for cancer treatment. In the past few years, evidence of a broader spectrum of action of melatonin as an antitumor agent has arisen; thus, melatonin appears to also have therapeutic effects in several types of hormone?independent cancer, including ovarian, leukemic, pancreatic, gastric and non?small cell lung carcinoma. In the present study, the latest findings regarding melatonin molecular actions when concomitantly administered with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer were reviewed, with a particular focus on hormone?dependent breast cancer. Finally, the present study discusses which direction should be followed in the next years to definitely clarify whether or not melatonin administration could protect against non?desirable effects (such as altered gene expression and post?translational protein modifications) caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments. As treatments move towards personalized medicine, comparative gene expression profiling with and without melatonin may be a powerful tool to better understand the antitumor effects of melatonin, the pineal gland hormone

    New supported metal oxo : towards the comprehension of industrial olefin metathesis catalysts via an integrated approach using on design synthesis, 17O NMR and DFT calculation

    No full text
    L'objectif de cette thĂšse Ă©tait de prĂ©parer par voie chimie organomĂ©tallique de surface de nouveaux complexes organomĂ©tallique supportĂ©s portant des ligands oxo pour la mĂ©tathĂšse des olĂ©fines. La premiĂšre approche consiste en l'utilisation d'un prĂ©curseur inorganique WOCl4 pour accĂ©der en deux Ă©tapes Ă  une espĂšce majoritaire bi-siloxy [(=SiO)2WOMe2] (80 %) active en mĂ©tathĂšse de l'isobutĂšne pour donner le 2,3-dimĂ©thylbutĂšne. L'utilisation de prĂ©curseurs organotungstiques a permis de prĂ©parer et caractĂ©riser avec des techniques spectroscopiques (EXAFS, RAMAN, RMN Solide, DRIFT
) de nombreux complexes tungstĂšnes oxo supportĂ©s avec des ligands spectateurs qui ont des rĂ©activitĂ©s variĂ©s. En effet, Un premier modĂšle du catalyseur industriel (=SiO)2W(=O)(CH2SiMe2)2 a Ă©tĂ© obtenu par rĂ©action de greffage de [WO(CH2SiMe3)3Cl] sur une silice dĂ©shydroxylĂ©e Ă  200 °C. L'application de la RMN du solide de l'17O Ă  l'Ă©tude structurale de cette espĂšce oxo de surface, combinĂ©e avec des calculs DFT montrent que deux structures, bipyramidale trigonale (TPB) et pyramide Ă  base carrĂ©e (SP), peuvent co-exister en surface en raison de la faible barriĂšre d'activation (< 5 kcal.mol-1). Cette nouvelle espĂšce de surface a montrĂ© une forte activitĂ© de 24 000 TON aprĂšs 25 h avec une faible dĂ©sactivation au cours du temps en mĂ©tathĂšse du propĂšne. Une approche originale pour la prĂ©paration des catalyseurs oxo de tungstĂšne de structures [(=SiO)WO(CH2SiMe3)2OAr] a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e et consiste en une simple modification de complexe monopodal supportĂ© [(=SiO)WO(CH2SiMe3)3] par des phĂ©nols avec diffĂ©rents substituants en position ortho, ortho'. Les complexes supportĂ©s portant des ligands phĂ©noxydes Ă©lectroattracteurs se sont avĂ©rĂ©s plus actives et plus stable en mĂ©tathĂšse du propĂšne que leurs homologues portant des ligands phĂ©noxydes riche en Ă©lectrons. Ces diffĂ©rentes approches seront par la suite Ă©tendues au complexe de molybdĂšne oxo alkylThe aim of this thesis was to apply surface organometallic chemistry in order to prepare novel supported organometallic complexes bearing oxo ligands for olefin metathesis. The first approach consists of the utilization of an inorganic precursor (WOCl4) to obtain mainly (80%) the bis-siloxy species [(=SiO)2WOMe2] in two steps: grafting followed by alkylation with SnMe4. The latter material catalyzes isobutene self-metathesis to 2,3-dimethylbutene. Employing oxo organotungstene precursors results in materials that can be characterized by spectroscopic techniques (EXAFS, RAMAN, Solid-state NMR, DRIFT
) and offer a large variety to alter the spectator ligands. In fact, the first model of the industrial catalyst (=SiO)2W(=O)(CH2SiMe2)2 has been obtained by grafting of [WO(CH2SiMe3)3Cl] onto silica dehydroxylated at 200 °C. Elucidation of the surface structure by 17O MAS NMR along with DFT calculations suggest that there are most likely two co-existing geometries, trigonal bipyramidal (TPB) and square pyramide (SP), as the activation barrier is found to be low (<5 kcal.mol-1). This new surface species has shown a high activity in propene self-metathesis and low deactivation rate, at reflected by the high turn-over number of 24000 after 25 hours on stream. Furthermore, an original approach to access variety solid tungsten oxo catalysts expressed generally as [(=SiO)WO(CH2SiMe3)2OAr] has been developed and comprises a simple modification of the supported monopodal species [(=SiO)WO(CH2SiMe3)3] by desired phenol derivatives. Catalysts with electron withdrawing phenoxide ligands exhibit higher activity and stability in propene self-metathesis than their electron rich phenoxide homologue. The developed methodologies will be extended to molybdenum oxo alkyl complexe

    Influence de la calmoduline sur les propriétés de liaison de l'oestrogÚne et de l'acide désoxyribonucléique au récepteur d'oestrogÚnes

    No full text
    Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

    Estradiol derivatives bearing the side-chain of tamoxifen antagonize the association between the estrogen receptor and calmodulin

    No full text
    Calmodulin (CaM) is known to associate with the estrogen receptor (ER). The antiestrogen tamoxifen impedes this association suggesting that the latter would play an important role in CaM-dependent enzymatic catalyses. The ethoxyaminoalkyl side-chain of tamoxifen which confers antiestrogenicity appears to be involved in this antagonism. Antiestrogenic estradiol derivatives bearing the side-chain of tamoxifen in position 11ÎČ (RU 39 411) or 7α (RU 45 144) were tested for their potential antagonism towards the association between CaM and ER. According to molecular modelling studies, such graftings position the chain in an orientation corresponding to that found in tamoxifen. Both compounds impeded the binding of ER to CaM-Sepharose at the same concentrations as found with tamoxifen indicating similar effectiveness. Steroidal analogs with or without a side-chain in a non- appropriate orientation failed to show this property. On the contrary, a non- conjugated side-chain analog antagonized the binding of the receptor indicating that the steroidal backbone of RU 39 411 and RU 45 144 did not play a major role in this regard. Since this free side-chain had been reported to be totally devoid of antiestrogenicity, one may consider that the steroidal backbone of these two antiestrogens participate to their antiproliferative activity. One may speculate that within the cell, ER should convey such compunds to CaM leading to a blockade of CaM-dependent catalyses. This hypothesis would also be relevant to the stilbene backbone of tamoxifen.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Modulation of estradiol and DNA binding to estrogen receptor upon association with calmodulin

    No full text
    SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Antagonistic effect of triphenylethylenic antiestrogens on the association of estrogen receptor to calmodulin

    No full text
    Binding of (3H)-estradiol labeled estrogen receptor from uterine cytosol to calmodulin was demonstrated by both affinity chromatography and sucrose gradient sedimentation. Triphenylethylene antiestrogens (tamoxifen family) with strong antagonistic activity against the calmodulin-dependent c-AMP phosphodiesterase largely reduced the binding of the receptor. Relevance of this observation with regard to the major antiproliferative activity (cytotoxicity) of these drugs is discussed.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Calmodulin decreases the estrogen binding capacity of the estrogen receptor

    No full text
    SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Gestion des dysplasies osseuses florides symptomatiques : série de cas et revue de littérature

    No full text
    Introduction : Les dysplasies osseuses sont dĂ©finis (WHO histological classification of odontogenic tumours 2005) comme des processus idiopathiques localisĂ©s au niveau de la rĂ©gion pĂ©riapicale des dents, caractĂ©risĂ©es par le remplacement de l’os normal par un tissu fibreux avec un os mĂ©taplasique. Ces conditions regroupent diffĂ©rentes formes cliniques : dysplasie osseuse pĂ©riapicale, localisĂ©e au niveau des apex des dents antĂ©rieures, dysplasie osseuse focale, localisĂ©e aux dents postĂ©rieures, dysplasie osseuse floride (DOF) touchant 2 Ă  4 quadrants et cemontome gigantoforme familial, prĂ©sent chez le jeune avec une symptomatologie trĂšs marquĂ©e. La dĂ©couverte de ces lĂ©sions est souvent fortuite au niveau de radiographie panoramique avec des images radioclaires, mixtes ou radio-opaques, de diffĂ©rentes tailles. Cependant, une symptomatologie infectieuse peut ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă  ces lĂ©sions. Observations : Les quatre cas cliniques reportĂ©s reprĂ©sentent diffĂ©rentes situations pouvant rĂ©vĂ©ler la dysplasie osseuse floride. Le premier cas clinique d’une patiente ĂągĂ©e de 56ans avec une petite dĂ©nudation osseuse de 3mm au niveau du quadrant3 avec une tumĂ©faction endobuccale douloureuse comblant le vestibule. La lĂ©sion est frĂ©quemment traumatisĂ©e par une PAT mandibulaire. Le deuxiĂšme cas clinique d’une patiente de 50ans avec une tumĂ©faction exobuccale gauche avec une peau de recouvrement d’aspect normal, lĂ©gĂšrement sensible Ă  la palpation et faisant suite Ă  l’ extraction de la 36 datant de 2 mois, le 3Ăšme et 4Ăšme cas cliniques sont de deux femmes de 50 et 70ans, se prĂ©sentant avec des fistules cutanĂ©es accompagnĂ©es de tumĂ©factions exobuccales gauches. Discussion : Pour les 4 cas cliniques, le diagnostic de dysplasie osseuse floride compliquĂ©e d’une infection est posĂ© suite Ă  une investigation clinique et radiologique minutieuse, leurs gestion est chirurgicale avec une bonne Ă©volution dans le temps. La littĂ©rature objective que la symptomatologie de la DOF reste rare et lorsqu’elle existe, elle se manifeste le plus souvent par une tumĂ©faction endobuccale, accompagnĂ©e d’une douleur comme pour le premier cas clinique ; les recherches considĂšrent que l’infection est secondaire Ă  l’exposition des masses pathologiques aprĂšs rĂ©sorption des corticales alvĂ©olaires chez le sujet Ă©dentĂ© ou aprĂšs extraction de dents proches des lĂ©sions chez le dentĂ©. Le 2Ăšme cas clinique peut porter appui Ă  ces rĂ©sultats, vu que l’infection secondaire peut ĂȘtre rattachĂ©e Ă  l’extraction de la 36. La diminution de la vascularisation au niveau des sites atteints expose le patient Ă  un risque Ă©levĂ© de diffusion de l’infection se manifestant par une ostĂ©omyĂ©lite voire une cellulite si la prise en charge est retardĂ©e ou non adĂ©quate comme objectivĂ© pour les 3Ăšme et 4Ăšme cas cliniques, avec une ostĂ©omyĂ©lite accompagnĂ©e d’une extĂ©riorisation de l’infection sous forme de fistule cutanĂ©e. Conclusion : Une attention particuliĂšre devra ĂȘtre apportĂ©e Ă  la prise en charge chirurgicale qui risque d’exposer plus de tissu vasculaire et entrainer des complications. La prise en charge adoptĂ©e dans ces cas cliniques rĂ©pond Ă  celle recommandĂ©e par la littĂ©rature avec exĂ©rĂšse des tissus responsables de l’infection, accompagnĂ©e d’un dĂ©bridement des sites d’ostĂ©omyĂ©lite avec une abstention et surveillance pour les sites asymptomatiques
    • 

    corecore