56 research outputs found

    Recurrence of Stachybotrys chartarum during mycological and toxicological study of bioaerosols collected in a dairy cattle shed

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    International audienceAgricultural occupations associated with animal breeding and the processing of animal materials in confinement systems could potentially lead to bioaerosol exposures. Moulds and mycotoxins could be constituents of bioaerosols and should be studied because of their possible involvement in respiratory diseases and cancers. In order to characterize the fungal contamination of the indoor air in a dairy barn, bioaerosols were collected during 20 days in a cattle farm located in Normandy (France). Mycobiota, mycotoxins and the mutagenicity of bioaerosols were studied. The toxigenic ability of Aspergillus flavus group and Aspergillus fumigatus isolates was also evaluated in vitro. The prevalent airborne moulds were from the following potentially toxigenic species: Aspergillus flavus group, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum, and the allergenic species Ulocladium chartarum, Cladosporium cladosporioides. In comparison with harvesting, grain handling or broiler breeding, the concentrations of viable moulds were lower in the cattle shed. Seasonal variations in levels of several species were also observed. This study revealed that aflatoxins were detected in bioaerosols and, for the first time, showed that farmers are possibly exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum during routine barn work. Moreover, the finding of mutagenicity from bioaerosols needs further investigations on bioaerosol composition

    Evaluation of fungal contamination and mycotoxin production in maize silage

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    Agricultural activities involve daily use Of maize silage as feed for livestock, which can be contaminated by mycotoxigenic molds. To evaluate fungal contamination. and the production of mycotoxins in maize silage we propose a multi-disciplinary approach utilizing PCR methods with genes of the aflatoxin (ver-1, omt-1 and apa-2), fumonisin (FUMI) and trichothecene (TR16) biosynthesis pathways. To detect Aspergillus fumigatus, it 26S/intergenic spacer region of the rDNA complex was amplified. These specific PCR assays allowed. three major groups of toxigenic fungi-like aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli, fumonisin and trichothecene-producing Fusaria, and the ubiquitous mold A. fumigatus, to be targeted. A multimycotoxin method is also proposed to simultaneously quantify seven mycotoxins (i.e., aflatoxin B-1, citrinin, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B-1, gliotoxin, ochratoxin A, zearalenone) in maize silage by high-perforrnance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). These microbiological and analytical tools revealed three potentially toxigenic groups of fungi and A. fumigatus grown from mature maize silage (I I month old) that was collected in Normandy (France) and the, mycotoxins aflatoxin 13, (7.0-51.3 mu g/kg), citrinin (10.1-14.2 mu g/kg), deoxynivalenol (128.0-181.0 mu g/kg) and gliotoxin (6.6-11.9 mu g/kg). Results indicate that the combination of PCR and HPLC-MS can be used to assess fungal quality of maize silages. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    How to scale up a method from low throughput to high throughput for the quantification of 16 nucleosides? Lesson from experience.

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    International audienceBiological plausibility of the increase of cancer incidence related to agricultural occupational exposures need to be more documented. Pesticides are suspected to belong to the causes of this increase of cancer incidence in farmers. Oxidative stress and epigenetic alterations are possible mechanism suspected for pesticides cancerogenicity. Aldehydes are produced during lipid peroxidation associated with oxidative stress. These highly hydrophilic compounds can react with DNA to form DNA adducts. These biomarkers have been identified as crucial in the exposome study. Quantified in a specific population, these biomarkers could be linked with professional exposure effects. This imply the analysis of several hundred to several thousand of samples from cohort.Starting from an HPLC-HRMS/MS method developed in the laboratory [1], we decide to develop a high throughput method for the quantification of epigenetic biomarkers and DNA adducts from human white blood cells. The original method, able to quantify 9 exocyclic DNA adducts has been improved by adding 5 new epigenetic biomarkers (i.e. 5-Methylcytidine, 5-Hydroxymethylcytidine, 5-Formylcytidine, 5-Hydroxymethyluridine, 5-Carboxylcytidine) and 2 new DNA adducts (i.e. ethenodeoxyadenosine and ethenodeoxycytidine).The previous method was time consuming and adapted for the preparation of only 20 samples per week. Samples preparation steps are: reduction, precipitation, internal standards addition and enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA. Redesigning of all these steps was needed to increase the throughput of the method.A high throughput improvement as been made thanks to the automatization of most of the steps. A pipetting robot Integra Assit Plus as been used for this automatization. This pipetting Robot was used for the reduction, the precipitation and hydrolysis. The use of individual tube was no longer possible and 96 well plates have been used instead. As an example of optimization, the reduction step was shortened from 2 hours to 30 minutes.In its current state, the preparation method allows the preparation of more than 300 samples each week. The modification applied on the original method have been tested for the preparation of 700 samples obtained from an agricultural cohort. Obtained results are robust and human error are limited thanks to the use of a pipetting robot

    La spectromĂ©trie de masse comme outil d’investigation lors des mortalitĂ©s massives aiguĂ«s d’abeilles

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    International audienceLes activitĂ©s analytiques de LABÉO autour de la santĂ© des abeilles se sont enrichies d’une nouvelle stratĂ©gie permettant de dĂ©terminer rapidement l’implication de produits phytosanitaires dans les cas de mortalitĂ© massive aiguĂ« d’abeilles. Pour cela, une analyse de dĂ©pistage par screening sur LC-Q-Tof est rĂ©alisĂ©e, suivie d’une confirmation et une quantification par analyse en LC-MS/MS. L’extraction des diffĂ©rents pesticides Ă  partir des abeilles est effectuĂ©e selon la mĂ©thode normalisĂ©e « QuEChERS ». Cette stratĂ©gie analytique permet d’élargir Ă  de nouvelles molĂ©cules la recherche de pesticides qui ciblent le plus souvent les insecticides pyrĂ©thrinoĂŻdes ou nĂ©onicotinamides. Le cas d’une intoxication d’abeilles vient illustrer l’efficacitĂ© de cette approche analytique

    La spectromĂ©trie de masse comme outil d’investigation lors des mortalitĂ©s massives aiguĂ«s d’abeilles

    No full text
    International audienceLes activitĂ©s analytiques de LABÉO autour de la santĂ© des abeilles se sont enrichies d’une nouvelle stratĂ©gie permettant de dĂ©terminer rapidement l’implication de produits phytosanitaires dans les cas de mortalitĂ© massive aiguĂ« d’abeilles. Pour cela, une analyse de dĂ©pistage par screening sur LC-Q-Tof est rĂ©alisĂ©e, suivie d’une confirmation et une quantification par analyse en LC-MS/MS. L’extraction des diffĂ©rents pesticides Ă  partir des abeilles est effectuĂ©e selon la mĂ©thode normalisĂ©e « QuEChERS ». Cette stratĂ©gie analytique permet d’élargir Ă  de nouvelles molĂ©cules la recherche de pesticides qui ciblent le plus souvent les insecticides pyrĂ©thrinoĂŻdes ou nĂ©onicotinamides. Le cas d’une intoxication d’abeilles vient illustrer l’efficacitĂ© de cette approche analytique

    The challenge to produce robust data in UHPLC-HRMS/MS based metabolomics for molecular epidemiology studies

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    International audienceMetabolomics studies can be a powerful tool to identify biomarkers of exposures and/or effects. The aim of this project is to develop a general method for the evaluation of agricultural workers exposome through UHPLC-HRMS/MS metabolomic to obtain robust and meaningful results.Each step of the workflow must be optimized. The optimizable steps are sample preparation, chromatographic separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, data pre-treatment, statistical analysis and biological interpretation of the identified biomarkers. Among these steps analytical measurement is critical to collect as much reliable data as possible while being relevant.This step was optimised on urine collected from a group of healthy volunteers composed of 11 men and 10 women. A set of 5 mobile phases usually used for UHPLC in the literature were tested with a QTOF detector. Samples were injected one or several times to estimate the importance of injection replication. Three normalisation methods were tested, based on creatinine, urine osmolarity and total MS signal. Two ionisation modes were used, combined with reverse phase and HILIC separations. The association of these conditions were evaluated using Galaxy Workflow4Metabolomics. The results were evaluated according to the total numbers of features, and results repeatability. Several data treatment methods were then tested with specifics parameters. At the end, a separation of men and women in 2 groups have been obtained using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.This method will be applied to the analysis of biological samples obtained from large agricultural occupational cohorts. Other steps still need to be optimized before the global can be applied to cohort analysis. The data treatment step can be improved by the utilisation of external compounds or endogens molecules as standards for the retention time correction of the detected peaks. Statistical treatment step may be more reliable by using new statistical. Biomarkers identification step is to be evaluated yet

    ERATUS – Suivi environnemental dans le cadre du programme d’élimination du rat de l’archipel de Chausey

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    International audienceLes Ăźles Chausey sont un archipel normand relevant du programme Natura 2000. L’archipel est connu pour ses colonies d’oiseaux, nichant au sol, tel le cormoran huppĂ©. Ces oiseaux sont mis en danger par la surpopulation du rat surmulot qui empĂȘche les oiseaux de couver mais qui se nourrit Ă©galement des oeufs. C’est pourquoi en 2020, le conservatoire du littoral dĂ©cide de mener une campagne de dĂ©ratisation selon un protocole Ă©tabli par l’INRA[1], avec l’utilisation d’un rodonticide antivitamine-K, le brodifacoum. La dĂ©ratisation est menĂ©e en deux temps, une phase test avec Ă©tude de l’impact du rodonticide utilisĂ© sur l’environnement puis le dĂ©ploiement sur l’ensemble des 365 Ăźlots. L’archipel de Chausey Ă©tant un site de productions conchylicoles (moules, huĂźtres, palourdes) et de pĂȘche rĂ©crĂ©ative et professionnel trĂšs important, un suivi environnemental de la qualitĂ© du milieu a Ă©tĂ© demandĂ© par le prĂ©fet et le comitĂ© rĂ©gional de la conchyliculture afin de s’assurer de l’absence de rĂ©sidu de brodifacoum dans l’eau et les coquillages en Ă©levage. Pour rechercher ce rodonticide sur l’environnement, plusieurs approches ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es : analyse de rĂ©sidus dans la faune et dĂ©ploiement d’échantillonneurs intĂ©gratifs passifs capable d’accumuler les molĂ©cules sur une pĂ©riode d’une quinzaine de jours. La mise en place de ce suivi pour le brodifacoum permet Ă©galement de collecter des donnĂ©es pour d’autres polluants comme les pesticides ou les biocides issus des traitements antifouling de bateaux. Cinq prĂ©lĂšvements ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s chaque annĂ©e, avant la pose des appĂąts, 2 pendant la pĂ©riode d’appĂątage, deux semaines aprĂšs la pose et aprĂšs une pĂ©riode de pluie. La recherche de traces de rodonticide a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e sur les crevettes bouquets, les palourdes et les huĂźtres et moules en condition de caging. Les suivis environnementaux se font avec 3 types d’échantillonneurs intĂ©gratifs passifs adaptĂ©s pour les molĂ©cules polaires (POCIS PHARM), pour le glyphosate/AMPA (POCIS glyphosate) et pour les composĂ©s hydrophobes (SPMD), ce qui permet la dĂ©tection d’environ 300 molĂ©cules avec des mĂ©thodes d’analyses dĂ©jĂ  dĂ©veloppĂ©es en LC-MS/MS et GC-MS/MS. L’extraction et l’analyse de 6 rodonticides dont le brodifacoum est mise au point pour les coquillages et crustacĂ©s, le dĂ©veloppement analytique est fait sur une LC-MS/MS Agilent 6495. L’extraction est rĂ©alisĂ©e avec un solvant suivi d’une purification en SPE Dispersive de type « QuEChERS ». La validation a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e selon la norme NF V03-110. Les rĂ©sultats des deux campagnes de traitement ont montrĂ© que le rodonticide n’était pas retrouvĂ© dans la faune analysĂ©e ni dans l’environnement. L’analyse des Ă©chantillonneurs a mis en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence d’une vingtaine de pesticides dans les eaux de l’archipel. [1] Denis Bredin, Louis Dutouquet, Protocole d’éradication du rat surmulot sur l’üle de TomĂ© (Bretagne), Espaces naturels, octobre 2004, n°8

    The challenge to produce robust data in UHPLC-HRMS/MS based metabolomics for molecular epidemiology studies

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    International audienceMetabolomics studies can be a powerful tool to identify biomarkers of exposures and/or effects. The aim of this project is to develop a general method for the evaluation of agricultural workers exposome through UHPLC-HRMS/MS metabolomic to obtain robust and meaningful results.Each step of the workflow must be optimized. The optimizable steps are sample preparation, chromatographic separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, data pre-treatment, statistical analysis and biological interpretation of the identified biomarkers. Among these steps analytical measurement is critical to collect as much reliable data as possible while being relevant.This step was optimised on urine collected from a group of healthy volunteers composed of 11 men and 10 women. A set of 5 mobile phases usually used for UHPLC in the literature were tested with a QTOF detector. Samples were injected one or several times to estimate the importance of injection replication. Three normalisation methods were tested, based on creatinine, urine osmolarity and total MS signal. Two ionisation modes were used, combined with reverse phase and HILIC separations. The association of these conditions were evaluated using Galaxy Workflow4Metabolomics. The results were evaluated according to the total numbers of features, and results repeatability. Several data treatment methods were then tested with specifics parameters. At the end, a separation of men and women in 2 groups have been obtained using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.This method will be applied to the analysis of biological samples obtained from large agricultural occupational cohorts. Other steps still need to be optimized before the global can be applied to cohort analysis. The data treatment step can be improved by the utilisation of external compounds or endogens molecules as standards for the retention time correction of the detected peaks. Statistical treatment step may be more reliable by using new statistical. Biomarkers identification step is to be evaluated yet

    Recherche de rĂ©sidus d’antiparasitaires dans le compost de fumier de cheval.

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    National audienceVAL’FUMIER est un programme de valorisation du fumier de cheval au niveau rĂ©gional, portĂ© par l’IFCE et le GHN (Groupement Hippique National). Pour un haras de 80 chevaux, la production de fumier est de 600 tonnes par an, celui-ci peut ĂȘtre valorisĂ© via leur traitement biologique ou leur Ă©pandage agricole et notamment par le compostage de ce sous-produit. Dans le cadre de l’épandage agricole, il est nĂ©cessaire de caractĂ©riser le compost de fumier, de dĂ©terminer sa valeur agronomique et vĂ©rifier sa qualitĂ© microbiologique selon la norme NF U44-051. Compte tenu des traitements antiparasitaires rĂ©alisĂ©s rĂ©guliĂšrement chez les chevaux, ce programme s’intĂ©resse Ă©galement Ă  la prĂ©sence de rĂ©sidus de mĂ©dicaments vĂ©tĂ©rinaires, qui pourrait avoir un impact dans les sols. Deux techniques sont utilisĂ©es pour dĂ©terminer la prĂ©sence de benzimidazoles et d’avermectines dans le compost de fumier de cheval. Pour les benzimidazoles, la mĂ©thode est adaptĂ©e de la mĂ©thode ANSES mise en oeuvre dans le lait et les muscles d’animaux, c’est une extraction dispersive avec ajout de sels puis concentration de l’échantillon et injection de l’extrait en chromatographie liquide couplĂ©e Ă  un spectromĂštre de masse. Pour le dosage des avermectines, c’est une extraction par solvant puis purification sur colonne en phase solide, suivie d’une dĂ©rivation et analyse de l’extrait sur chromatographie liquide couplĂ©e Ă  un dĂ©tecteur fluorimĂ©trique. Ces deux mĂ©thodes ont Ă©tĂ© adaptĂ©es pour l’analyse de compost. Plusieurs Ă©chantillons de composts de fumiers ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s, en provenance de 24 exploitations. Pour chaque Ă©chantillon, l’extraction a Ă©tĂ© faite sur l’échantillon et sur ce mĂȘme Ă©chantillon dopĂ© afin de vĂ©rifier des rendements pour chaque matrice. Les rendements obtenus montrent que l’extraction et l’analyse sont adaptĂ©es et permettent de quantifier 29 molĂ©cules benzimidazoles et 6 avermectines. Au final, aucune avermectine n’a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©e dans les Ă©chantillons, 5 composts de fumiers de cheval comportaient du pyrantel, 3 du fenbendazole, 1 du fenbendazole sulfone et une derniĂšre de l’exfenbendazole. Les molĂ©cules ont Ă©tĂ© mis en lien avec l’utilisation de ces mĂ©dicaments vĂ©tĂ©rinaires dans les exploitations. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude permettent de conclure sur l’absence d’effet significatifs sur le sol par le compost de chevaux traitĂ©s avec des produits antiparasitaires

    Toxicity assessment of five emerging pollutants, alone and in binary or ternary mixtures, towards three aquatic organisms

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    International audienceDespite a growing scientific attention on ecological impact of emerging pollutants (EPs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides, knowledge gaps remain regarding mixture toxicity and effects on aquatic organisms. Several EPs were screened in seawater (Normandy, France), and the ecotoxicity of five compounds, chosen on their occurrence in ecosystems and use worldwide, was assessed and were the biocides methylparaben (MP) and triclosan (TCS), a pesticide degradation product (AMPA), and the pharmaceuticals venlafaxine (VEN) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The acute or sub-chronic toxicity, alone or in binary/ternary mixtures of three of them (CBZ, AMPA, and MP), was assessed on one marine and two freshwater organisms: Crassostrea gigas, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Daphnia magna. TCS and AMPA were, respectively, the most (EC50 50 mg L-1) toxic chemicals for the four endpoints (algal growth inhibition, daphnia immobilization, oyster embryotoxicity, and metamorphosis). The anxiolytic VEN (EC50 < 1 mg L-1) was particularly toxic to oyster larvae showing sensitivity difference between freshwater and marine organisms. If all the mixtures appeared to be in the same range of toxicity, the joint-toxic effects mainly led to synergistic or antagonistic interactions compared to single-compound toxicity. The data also highlighted species-dependent differing models of toxicity and underscored the need for an awareness of cocktail effects for better ecological risk assessment
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