Fight On, Fight On for Ole Jax State: Houston Cole Library\u27s Historical Collections Highlight JSU\u27s Resiliency During Its First Pandemic

This document highlights some of the Houston Cole Library\u27s archival materials as they relate to the Jacksonville State Normal School during the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918-1919. The authors examine events in the greater context of Alabama and other institutions of higher education, and focus on how JSNS responded to its first pandemic.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_unihist_misc/1006/thumbnail.jp

An evaluation of survey designs and model-based inferences of fish aggregations using active acoustics

“Star” survey designs have become an increasingly popular alternative to parallel line designs in fisheries-independent sampling of areas with isolated fish aggregations, such as artificial reefs, seamounts, fish aggregating devices, and spawning aggregation sites. In this study, we simulated three scenarios of fish aggregating around a feature of interest with variations in the size and complexity of aggregations as well as their location relative to the habitat feature. Simulated and empirical data representing goliath grouper (Epinephalus itajara) spawning aggregations at artificial reefs were utilized as a case study, and scenarios were generated in relation to both a single habitat feature and a reef complex with multiple structures. Seven variations of survey design using both star and parallel transects were examined and compared by geostatistical and generalized additive models (GAMs) to identify the most robust approach to quantify fish aggregations in each scenario. In most scenarios, precision in the mean and variability of backscatter estimates is not significantly affected by the number of transects passing over the habitat feature as long as at least one pass is made. Estimation error is minimized using the GAM approach, and is further reduced when sampling variance is high, which was better accomplished by parallel designs overall. These results will help inform surveyors on the best overall approach to improve precision in quantifying fish aggregations given basic knowledge of their behavior around an established habitat feature and help them to adapt their survey designs based on common difficulties in sampling these populations simulated below

The Majorana Project

Building a \BBz experiment with the ability to probe neutrino mass in the inverted hierarchy region requires the combination of a large detector mass sensitive to \BBz, on the order of 1-tonne, and unprecedented background levels, on the order of or less than 1 count per year in the \BBz signal region. The MAJORANA Collaboration proposes a design based on using high-purity enriched Ge-76 crystals deployed in ultra-low background electroformed Cu cryostats and using modern analysis techniques that should be capable of reaching the required sensitivity while also being scalable to a 1-tonne size. To demonstrate feasibility, the collaboration plans to construct a prototype system, the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, consisting of 30 kg of 86% enriched \Ge-76 detectors and 30 kg of natural or isotope-76-depleted Ge detectors. We plan to deploy and evaluate two different Ge detector technologies, one based on a p-type configuration and the other on n-type.Comment: paper submitted for the 2008 Carolina International Symposium on Neutrino Physic

In-Vivo Biodistribution and Safety of 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC in Canine Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Theranostic agents are critical for improving the diagnosis and treatment of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). The peptidomimetic LLP2A is a novel peptide receptor radiotherapy candidate for treating NHL that expresses the activated α4β1 integrin. Tumor-bearing dogs are an excellent model of human NHL with similar clinical characteristics, behavior, and compressed clinical course. Canine in vivo imaging studies will provide valuable biodistribution and affinity information that reflects a diverse clinical population of lymphoma. This may also help to determine potential dose-limiting radiotoxicity to organs in human clinical trials. To validate this construct in a naturally occurring model of NHL, we performed in-vivo molecular targeted imaging and biodistribution in 3 normal dogs and 5 NHL bearing dogs. 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG and 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC were successfully synthesized and had very good labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity. 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC and 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG had biodistribution in keeping with their molecular size, with 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG remaining longer in the circulation, having higher tissue uptake, and having more activity in the liver compared to 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC. 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC was mainly eliminated through the kidneys with some residual activity. Radioactivity was reduced to near-background levels at 6 hours after injection. In NHL dogs, tumor showed moderately increased activity over background, with tumor activity in B-cell lymphoma dogs decreasing after chemotherapy. This compound is promising in the development of targeted drug-delivery radiopharmaceuticals and may contribute to translational work in people affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma

LUXSim: A Component-Centric Approach to Low-Background Simulations

Geant4 has been used throughout the nuclear and high-energy physics community to simulate energy depositions in various detectors and materials. These simulations have mostly been run with a source beam outside the detector. In the case of low-background physics, however, a primary concern is the effect on the detector from radioactivity inherent in the detector parts themselves. From this standpoint, there is no single source or beam, but rather a collection of sources with potentially complicated spatial extent. LUXSim is a simulation framework used by the LUX collaboration that takes a component-centric approach to event generation and recording. A new set of classes allows for multiple radioactive sources to be set within any number of components at run time, with the entire collection of sources handled within a single simulation run. Various levels of information can also be recorded from the individual components, with these record levels also being set at runtime. This flexibility in both source generation and information recording is possible without the need to recompile, reducing the complexity of code management and the proliferation of versions. Within the code itself, casting geometry objects within this new set of classes rather than as the default Geant4 classes automatically extends this flexibility to every individual component. No additional work is required on the part of the developer, reducing development time and increasing confidence in the results. We describe the guiding principles behind LUXSim, detail some of its unique classes and methods, and give examples of usage. * Corresponding author, [email protected]: 45 pages, 15 figure

Epidemiology of Escherichia coli bacteraemia in England: results of an enhanced sentinel surveillance programme

Background: Escherichia coli causes over one third of the bacteraemia cases in England each year, and the incidence of these infections is increasing. Aim: To determine the underlying risk factors associated with E. coli bacteraemia. Methods: A three month enhanced sentinel surveillance study involving 35 National Health Service hospitals was undertaken in the winter of 2012/13 to collect risk factor information and further details on the underlying source of infection to augment data already collected by the English national surveillance programme. Antimicrobial susceptibility results for E. coli isolated from blood and urine were also collected. Findings: A total of 1,731 cases of E. coli bacteraemia were included. The urogenital tract was the most commonly reported source of infection (51.2% of cases) with prior treatment for a urinary tract infection being the largest independent effect associated with this infection source. Half of all patients had prior healthcare exposure in the month prior to the bacteraemia with antimicrobial therapy and urinary catheterisation being reported in one third and one fifth of these patients. Prior healthcare exposure was associated with a higher proportion of antibiotic non-susceptibility in the blood culture isolates (P=0.001). Conclusion: Analysis of risk factors suggests potential community and hospital-related interventions particularly better use of urinary catheters and improved antibiotic management of urinary tract infections. As part of the latter strategy, antibiotic resistance profiles need to be closely monitored to ensure treatment guidelines are up to date to limit inappropriate empiric therapy

Retreating or repairing? Examining the alternate linkages between daily partner-instigated incivility at home and helping at work

Although research has recognized the straining effects of incivility at work, it is less clear how incivility experiences at home affect employees’ daily states and behaviors at work. We argue that partner-instigated incivility—ambiguous aggressions from an employee’s partner prior to work may affect helping behavior at work in multiple ways. Building on prior research, which has identified different mechanisms (i.e., resource drain, reactive compensation) linking family and work domains, we argue that whereas partner-instigated incivility may be cognitively depleting, thus limiting employees’ capacity to help others, it may also induce negative mood, which may drive employees to compensate for this unpleasant experience by engaging in more person and task-focused helping behaviors at work. Furthermore, we consider perspective taking as an individual difference with the potential to buffer the effects of partner-instigated incivility on cognitive depletion and negative mood. Results from a critical incident study (Study 1) supported our assertion that partner-instigated incivility is cognitively depleting and inducing of negative mood. In an experience sampling study (Study 2), which included daily reports from employees and their partners who instigated incivility, we replicated the initial effects and found support for a compensation linkage between partner instigated incivility and both forms of helping at work via negative mood and partial support for the moderating role of perspective taking. Results also indicated that person-focused helping lessened employees’ negative mood in the evening, suggesting that mood repair benefits are associated with this behavior. Implications of these findings for family incivility occurrences and self-regulation are discussed.Immediate accessThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Autotrophic Ammonia Oxidation at Low pH through Urea Hydrolysis

Ammonia oxidation in laboratory liquid batch cultures of autotrophic ammonia oxidizers rarely occurs at pH values less than 7, due to ionization of ammonia and the requirement for ammonium transport rather than diffusion of ammonia. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence for autotrophic nitrification in acid soils, which may be carried out by ammonia oxidizers capable of using urea as a source of ammonia. To determine the mechanism of urea-linked ammonia oxidation, a ureolytic autotrophic ammonia oxidizer, Nitrosospira sp. strain NPAV, was grown in liquid batch culture at a range of pH values with either ammonium or urea as the sole nitrogen source. Growth and nitrite production from ammonium did not occur at pH values below 7. Growth on urea occurred at pH values in the range 4 to 7.5 but ceased when urea hydrolysis was complete, even though ammonia, released during urea hydrolysis, remained in the medium. The results support a mechanism whereby urea enters the cells by diffusion and intracellular urea hydrolysis and ammonia oxidation occur independently of extracellular pH in the range 4 to 7.5. A proportion of the ammonia produced during this process diffuses from the cell and is not subsequently available for growth if the extracellular pH is less than 7. Ureolysis therefore provides a mechanism for nitrification in acid soils, but a proportion of the ammonium produced is likely to be released from the cell and may be used by other soil organisms