L'optimisation des positions de capteurs pour la détection du cliquetis dans les moteurs à explosion

In this study, we consider the problem of finding optimum sensor positions in a group of vibration sensors for knock detection. We propose a method that is less complex than holografic techniques because only signal processing and statistical tests are used . Our method is based on the linear prediction of an arbitrary sensor output from the remaining outputs in the sensor group. The relevancy of the sensor is thus characterized by the closeness to zero of the multiple coherence of its output with the remaining sensor outputs at some frequencies of interest . We choose a suitable statistic, approximate its distribution, and construct the generalized sequentially rejective Benferroni test. We have found in an experiment that the sensor position proposed by the engine manufacturer is not optimum . Experiments with a digital signal processor-based system emphasize the usefulness of this procedure . Through this procedure, we show that the performance of knock detectors strongly depends on the position of the sensor in use and can be improved significantly with moderate effort .Cette étude présente une approche permettant de déterminer les positions optimales de capteurs dans un groupe d'accéléromètres pour la détection du cliquetis dans un moteur à explosion. cette approche est moins complexe que les méthodes holographiques car nous utilisons uniquement le traitement du signal et des tests statistiques. La méthode proposée est basée sur la prédiction linéaire du signal à la sortie d'un capteur à partir des signaux obtenus aux sorties des autres capteurs du groupe. Ainsi, l'emplacement optimal d'un capteur est caractérisé par la proximité de zéro de la cohérence multiple aux fréquences intéressantes. Nous avons choisis une statistique appropriée, approximé sa loi de répartition et appliqué le test multiple à rejet séquentiel de Bonferron

Global Uncertainty Propagation and Sensitivity Analysis in the CH₃OCH₂ + O₂ System: Combining Experiment and Theory To Constrain Key Rate Coefficients in DME Combustion

Statistical rate theory calculations, in particular formulations of the chemical master equation, are widely used to calculate rate coefficients of interest in combustion environments as a function of temperature and pressure. However, despite the increasing accuracy of electronic structure calculations, small uncertainties in the input parameters for these master equation models can lead to relatively large uncertainties in the calculated rate coefficients. Master equation input parameters may be constrained further by using experimental data and the relationship between experiment and theory warrants further investigation. In this work, the CH₃OCH₂ + O₂ system, of relevance to the combustion of dimethyl ether (DME), is used as an example and the input parameters for master equation calculations on this system are refined through fitting to experimental data. Complementing these fitting calculations, global sensitivity analysis is used to explore which input parameters are constrained by which experimental conditions, and which parameters need to be further constrained to accurately predict key elementary rate coefficients. Finally, uncertainties in the calculated rate coefficients are obtained using both correlated and uncorrelated distributions of input parameters

Intercomparison of oxygenated volatile organic compound measurements at the SAPHIR atmosphere simulation chamber

This paper presents results from the first large-scale in situ intercomparison of oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) measurements. The intercomparison was conducted blind at the large (270 m(3)) simulation chamber, Simulation of Atmospheric Photochemistry in a Large Reaction Chamber (SAPHIR), in Julich, Germany. Fifteen analytical instruments, representing a wide range of techniques, were challenged with measuring atmospherically relevant OVOC species and toluene (14 species, C-1 to C-7) in the approximate range of 0.5-10 ppbv under three different conditions: (1) OVOCs with no humidity or ozone, (2) OVOCs with humidity added (r.h. approximate to 50%), and (3) OVOCs with ozone (approximate to 60 ppbv) and humidity (r.h. approximate to 50%). The SAPHIR chamber proved to be an excellent facility for conducting this experiment. Measurements from individual instruments were compared to mixing ratios calculated from the chamber volume and the known amount of OVOC injected into the chamber. Benzaldehyde and 1-butanol, compounds with the lowest vapor pressure of those studied, presented the most overall difficulty because of a less than quantitative transfer through some of the participants' analytical systems. The performance of each individual instrument is evaluated with respect to reference values in terms of time series and correlation plots for each compound under the three measurement conditions. A few of the instruments performed very well, closely matching the reference values, and all techniques demonstrated the potential for quantitative OVOC measurements. However, this study showed that nonzero offsets are present for specific compounds in a number of instruments and overall improvements are necessary for the majority of the techniques evaluated here