Recent and projected seasonal changes to river flows combine with human pressures to restructure the base of the marine food web in Puget Sound

Quantifying large-scale climate impacts, ecosystem responses, and human pressures requires sustained ecosystem monitoring and data integration. The Salish Sea is influenced by oceanic processes and hydrological cycles on land. The interplay of processes across the land-ocean continuum benefits the Puget Sound ecosystem by extending the productive cold-water food web of the upwelling system off Washington’s coast into Puget Sound during summer while buffering water temperatures in winter. Circulation patterns that drive water exchange between Puget Sound and the ocean are responding to climate and the timing of river flows. Historically the freshet and coastal upwelling coincide in summer and allow the productive foodweb to thrive in Puget Sound. Recent years have seen warmer winters causing both earlier snowmelt and therefore reduced summer flows. This temporal separation of upwelling and the freshet results in reduced ocean water renewal, increased water residence time, warmer water, and amplified human impacts during summer. In winter, however, water exchange is increased and keeps Puget Sound water warmer by importing heat from the ocean. These effects combine and have potential ecosystem-wide implications. Coastal eutrophication indicators (large algae blooms, red tides, macro-algae, and jellyfish) are already common place in Puget Sound. These changes in the timing of circulation patterns and nutrient characteristics alter the base of the marine food web while expanding the winter range of cold sensitive species into Puget Sound. In this presentation we conceptually lay out mechanisms, spatial connectivity, observations and hypotheses connecting the dots of climate impacts across the land-ocean continuum and the combined effects on ecosystem processes

Recent conditions highlight regional differences in temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen between Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound sites under anomalous 2014-2017 climate patterns

Understanding impacts of climate change on Salish Sea water quality is critical yet challenging due to the complexity, strength and diversity of influences on circulation and mixing. Different extreme climate conditions in recent years (2014-2017) include record warm temperatures with reduced snow pack in 2014-2015 followed by a few years of alternating summer droughts with record rainy seasons. These conditions influenced marine water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) throughout the Salish Sea. Analyses reveal distinct differences in these key physical and chemical characteristics between Strait of Juan de Fuca sites and sites within Puget Sound basins. Extremely low DO water in the Strait not observed at neighboring sites in Puget Sound. This indicates that Puget Sound water exchange and circulation are responding to climate change impacts on the regional hydrological cycle. Lower stream flows are effecting seasonal exchange of ocean water masses under drought conditions, while extremely wet and stormy springs are changing the average salinity of Puget Sound basins and impacting the density structure. Following these physical fluctuations, DO conditions vary from season to season, with new anomalous lows occurring in the Strait and the extreme reaches of South Puget Sound. These conditions could reveal how biophysical drivers of Puget Sound water quality impact food web dynamics during adverse climate and ocean regimes. Local water quality issues that are exacerbated due to reduced circulation may be influencing distinct populations in different basins. We can use these basic biophysical properties to inform us about key drivers of regional differences in the Puget Sound food web

The role of c-Jun in controlling the EPAC1-dependent induction of the SOCS3 gene in HUVECs

The cyclic AMP sensor, EPAC1, activates AP1-mediated transcription in HUVECs. Correspondingly, induction of the SOCS3 minimal promoter by EPAC1 requires a single AP1 site that constitutively binds phosphorylated (Ser63) c-Jun in DNA-pull-down assays. c-Jun (Ser63) becomes further phosphorylated following cyclic AMP stimulation and specific activation of protein kinase A (PKA), but not through selective activation of EPAC1. Moreover, despite a requirement for c-Jun for SOCS3 induction in fibroblasts, phospho-null c-Jun (Ser63/73Ala) had little effect on SOCS3 induction by cyclic AMP in HUVECs. AP1 activation and SOCS3 induction by EPAC1 in HUVECs therefore occur independently of c-Jun phosphorylation on Ser63

How did large scale climate anomalies impact 2015 phytoplankton blooms in Puget Sound?

The Washington State Department of Ecology has been routinely monitoring marine water quality throughout the Puget Sound since 1973. An established historic baseline from 1999 to 2008 allows us to examine how water quality varies year to year as a result of both natural and human influences. The recent large scale climate anomaly, the Blob, impacted this region when a mass of warm water entered Puget Sound in fall 2014. In conjunction with higher than normal air temperatures, patterns of estuarine circulation and stratification were regionally altered in Puget Sound. Changes to these physical patterns affect ecosystem functions starting at the base of the food web with phytoplankton. The water quality data collected monthly in 2015 allows us to gain a better understanding of how large-scale climate anomalies affect the timing and amplitude of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) in different regions of Puget Sound. Exploring the regional changes in phytoplankton biomass in response to the Blob provides us with insight into how future climate impacts could effect ecosystem functioning in different regions of Puget Sound

Computer- und informationsbezogene Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern der 8. Jahrgangsstufe in Deutschland im zweiten internationalen Vergleich

Im vorliegenden Kapitel wird zunächst unter Berücksichtigung der Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre in Deutschland die Perspektive und Relevanz eines zweiten internationalen Vergleiches erläutert. Hier lassen sich zwei in Abschnitt 2 weiter ausgeführte Blickwinkel auf die im Folgenden berichteten Ergebnisse einnehmen: Dies ist erstens die Bedeutung der Betrachtung Deutschlands im internationalen Vergleich und zweitens die Ermöglichung der Beschreibung eines auf Grundlage repräsentativer Stichproben sehr differenzierten Bildes für Deutschland. In Abschnitt 3 werden auf dieser Grundlage die ICILS-2018-Ergebnisse für die computer-und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern der achten Jahrgangsstufe in Deutschland im zweiten internationalen Vergleich präsentiert und Befunde differenziert für Deutschland berichtet. Neben der Darstellung der Ergebnisse aus ICILS 2018 werden, wo möglich, Vergleiche mit ICILS 2013 hergestellt. Im Einzelnen werden in Abschnitt 3 folgende Ergebnisse in den einzelnen Unterabschnitten 3.1 bis 3.3 präsentiert: In Abschnitt 3.1 werden die mittleren computer- und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen von Achtklässlerinnen und Achtklässlern in den ICILS-2018-Teilnehmerländern berichtet und mit den Ergebnissen zu den mittleren Kompetenzständen aus ICILS 2013 verglichen. Dabei umfasst das sogenannte "Länderranking" auch Ergebnisse zur Leistungsstreuung der computer- und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen in den ICILS-2018-Teilnehmerländern. In Abschnitt 3.2 wird die Verteilung der Achtklässlerinnen und Achtklässler auf die Kompetenzstufen computer- und informationsbezogener Kompetenzen im internationalen Vergleich in ICILS 2018 sowie im Vergleich zu ICILS 2013 dargestellt. In Abschnitt 3.3 werden die Ergebnisse von Schulformvergleichen zu den Kompetenzständen sowie zu Kompetenzverteilungen in Deutschland untersucht. Hierzu werden die mittleren computer- und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen der Achtklässlerinnen und Achtklässler und ihre Verteilung auf Kompetenzstufen der computer- und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen nach Schulform differenziert betrachtet. Schließlich werden im letzten Abschnitt des Kapitels (Abschnitt 4) die zentralen Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Kapitels zusammengeführt und diskutiert. Hierzu werden teilweise auf die nachfolgenden Kapitel vorausschauende erste mögliche Erklärungsansätze für das Abschneiden Deutschlands angeführt und, wo möglich, durch Hinweise aus Betrachtungen für andere Länder ergänzt. (DIPF/Orig.

Using ferry monitoring data to explore the importance of isotherms on the winter survival of Northern anchovy in Puget Sound

The Salish Sea displays strong seasonality in water temperature which can impose physiological limits on temperature sensitive species. Puget Sound, in winter, relies on ocean water as a heat source whereas in summer, the gradient is reversed. The dynamic exchange of Puget Sound with coastal water dictates the spatial and temporal patterns of isotherms that are relevant to temperature sensitive species. Recent winters with increased water temperature may expand the range of certain species to be able to survive in Puget Sound over the winter. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) are pelagic spawners and survive in between 8 and 25 °C water. We examine near surface isotherms to describe the dynamic of Northern anchovy access to spring plankton blooms using continuous, geo-referenced data from physical and bio-optical sensors from an 80-mile long en route ferry system between Seattle, WA and Victoria, BC. Spatial and temporal patterns reveal which part of the year near-surface temperature conditions may be favorable for anchovy exploitation of the spring plankton blooms. If filter-feeding prey species such as Northern anchovy can reside in Puget Sound during winter, then they can exploit the spring plankton blooms and potentially change the structure of the food web

Regional and temporal variability in Puget Sound zooplankton: bottom-up links to juvenile salmon

We use data from the Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program to explore patterns of spatial and interannual variability in zooplankton communities in response to environmental change during 2014-2017. This program is a collaborative effort involving 10 tribal, county, state, federal, academic, and nonprofit entities initiated via the Salish Sea Marine Survival Project with the goal of understanding the key role of zooplankton in food webs and ecosystems. Large interannual differences in the environment over this period strong effects on zooplankton community structure and abundance. 2014 began as a fairly normal year in Puget Sound until the Pacific Warm Anomaly event nicknamed “The Blob” began to affect the region during late summer and fall. Unprecedented warm anomalies occurred in summer 2015, persisting through 2016. Off the coast of Washington and Oregon, clear effects on zooplankton community structure were observed, with rare oceanic species occurring in coastal samples concurrent with decreased overall biomass. In sharp contrast, few rare species were collected in Puget Sound, and zooplankton increased in 2015 and 2016 relative to 2014, including increases in nearly all taxa that are important juvenile salmon prey. A few taxa, most notably the dinoflagellate Noctiluca and numerous species of small jellyfish, decreased during the warm years, and shifts in the seasonal phenology of some taxa were observed. These and other findings from the Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program will be presented in the context of the implications of environmental change for juvenile salmon growth and survival

Eyes Over Puget Sound: Producing Validated Satellite Products to Support Rapid Water Quality Assessments in Puget Sound

Eyes Over Puget Sound (EOPS) is a rapid communication and outreach product developed by the Washington State Department of Ecology that provides a concise synthesis of near real-time data sources in Puget Sound, WA. Monthly EOPS reports summarize aerial photographic surveys, in-situ ferry observations, satellite products, CTD profiles, and mooring data within 2-days of completing each aerial survey. To facilitate the rapid development and synthesis of satellite information products, EOPS developed a framework for producing regionally-tuned products; validated using coincident ferry-based measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, turbidity, CDOM fluorescence, temperature, and salinity. Daily ferry transects provide a consistent suite of high-resolution measurements necessary to characterize small-scale spatio-temporal variability across the large optical gradients that are present. Ferry data are made available within 24 hours and allow validation efforts to be performed on a daily-, sensor-, and image-specific basis. This framework has been used to validate and merge satellite products from a variety of platforms including MERIS, MODIS, HICO, and Landsat. Future efforts will utilize EOPS-validated satellite products to refine coupled 3-D hydrodynamic/water quality models currently being developed for the region

Pengaruh Kesadaran Politik terhadap Pasrtisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kecamatan Tenayan Raya dalam Pemilihan Umum Walikota Pekanbaru Tahun 2017

One manifestation of political consciousness is political participation in the election of the mayor. Political participation based on political consciousness will encourage people to exercise their right to vote rationally and in accordance with the aspirations of the people. But in reality, the level of voter participation in the election mayor of Pekanbaru in 2017 is still lacking. Percentage of voters\u27 participation in sub district Tenayan Raya only reached 43.72%, which means there are still many voters who did not participate that reached 56.28%. This study aims to explain the effect of political awareness on political participation. This study uses quantitative descriptive by spreading questionnaires to 100 respondents in four urban villages in Tenayan Raya sub district, then the data is analyzed by using logistic regression. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between political awareness on political participation because the value of p value Chi-Square 13,105 > Chi-Square table 3,841. In the Pseudo R Square table of 16.4% political awareness contribution to political participation, in other words 83.6% other factors from outside the model that explain the dependent variable. Based on the analysis of political awareness data of Tenayan Raya sub-district is low down to 68%, while the political participation of Tenayan Raya community in the election of mayor of Pekanbaru is also categorized as low by 94%

Recent climate patterns are affecting seasonal water residence times and water temperatures in Puget Sound

At the end of 2014 water temperatures in Puget Sound rapidly increased in response to The Blob and persisted into 2017. Climate anomalies on land caused premature snow melt and freshening of Puget Sound. The seasonal shift in freshwater delivery increased winter estuarine circulation allowing greater import of heat from the ocean but decreased summer circulation, retaining more heat in Puget Sound in summer. In both seasons, Puget Sound temperatures increased affecting water quality and ecosystem performance. We contrast salinity, temperature, and density records from 2014-2017 to infer residence time and changes in water masses during the extreme climate years. Increased winter temperatures \u3e8C might have promoted overwintering for temperature sensitive species such as anchovy