Comparative analysis of approaches to the development of rural tourism in the world and in Russia

The article discusses the problem of interpretation of the terms “rural tourism and agritourism”. The following factors gave relevance to the study of rural tourism in Russia: the closure of borders during the Covid-19 period, political sanctions of popular tourist countries, devaluation of the Russian ruble against the US dollar, logistics sanctions for traveling by plane, train and car to the countries of the European Union. Despite the century-long history of the term, there is no single approach to definition in the world scientific community. The relevance of the study is determined by state recognition and the emergence of mechanisms for the development of rural tourism. The work examines international experience and possible directions for developing the tourism potential of rural areas in Russian regions. The work provides examples of typification of rural tourism according to concepts, qualitative initial potential, depending on the socio-economic prerequisites and tourism resources of the regions. The development of tourism in rural areas solves the following problems: new jobs, taxes, development of domestic tourism in the regions, attracting investment in rural areas, improving infrastructure and the image of rural areas in public opinion. Rural tourism is increasing its importance against the backdrop of a decline in the commodity function of personal subsidiary plots of the population both in the world and in Russia.В статье рассмотрена проблема трактовки терминов «сельский туризм и агротуризм». Несмотря на вековую историю существования, термина единого подхода к их определению в мировом научном сообществе не было выработано. Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что, начиная с 2022 года, на федеральном и региональном уровнях разработаны механизмы поддержки развития сельского туризма. В работе рассматривается международный опыт с целью выявления возможных направлений развития и понимания первичного туристского потенциала сельской местности регионов России. Освещены вопросы типизации сельского туризма по концепциям, качественному первоначальному потенциалу в зависимости от социально-экономических предпосылок и туристских ресурсов регионов. Развитие туризма в сельской местности помогает комплексному решению проблем сельских территорий: новые рабочие места, бюджетные поступления, содействие развитию внутреннего туризма в регионах, привлечению частных инвестиций в сельскую местность, улучшению облика сельской местности в общественном представлении

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications.

The unique photothermal properties of non-spherical gold nanoparticles under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation find broad application in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. The combination of their plasmonic features with widely used biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films can lead to novel hybrid polymeric materials with tunable photothermal properties and a wide range of applications. In this study, thin PVA films containing highly photothermally efficient gold nanostars (GNSs) were fabricated and their properties were studied. The resulting films displayed good mechanical properties and a pronounced photothermal effect under NIR irradiation. The local photothermal effect triggered by NIR irradiation of the PVA-GNS films is highly efficient at killing bacteria, therefore providing an opportunity to develop new types of protective antibacterial films and coatings

Self-assembled monolayers of copper sulfide nanoparticles on glass as antibacterial coatings

We developed an easy and reproducible synthetic method to graft a monolayer of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NP) on glass and exploited their particular antibacterial features. Samples were fully characterized showing a good stability, a neat photo-thermal effect when irradiated in the Near InfraRed (NIR) region (in the so called \u201cbiological window\u201d), and the ability to release controlled quantities of copper in water. The desired antibacterial activity is thus based on two different mechanisms: (i) slow and sustained copper release from CuS NP-glass samples, (ii) local temperature increase caused by a photo-thermal effect under NIR laser irradiation of CuS NP\u2013glass samples. This behavior allows promising in vivo applications to be foreseen, ensuring a \u201cstatic\u201d antibacterial protection tailored to fight bacterial adhesion in the critical timescale of possible infection and biofilm formation. This can be reinforced, when needed, by a photo-thermal action switchable on demand by an NIR light

Енергозберігаючі технології в електропостачанні

У нових економічних умовах через обмеженість енергоресурсів в Україні, а також приватизації окремих енергетичних об’єктів втрати електроенергії перетворилися зі звичайного звітного показника на один із важелів керування економічною ефективністю роботи підприємств енергетичної галузі. Серед об’єктів, де спостерігаються надмірні втрати потужності та електроенергії, розподільні електричні мережі раніше не привертали особивої уваги. Важливішим у них було забезпечення необхідного рівня надійності електропостачання споживачів. До того ж, ці мережі конструктивно не пристосовані до оптимального керування, оскільки не мали ні засобів телеінформації про параметри поточного режиму, ні засобів керування останніми

Recent studies in microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in hypersaline environments

Many hypersaline environments are often contaminated with petroleum compounds. Among these, oil and natural gas production sites all over the world and hundreds of kilometers of coastlines in the more arid regions of Gulf countries are of major concern due to the extent and magnitude of contamination. Because conventional microbiological processes do not function well at elevated salinities, bioremediation of hypersaline environments can only be accomplished using high salt-tolerant microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum compounds. In the last two decades, there have been many reports on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in moderate to high salinity environments. Numerous microorganisms belonging to the domain Bacteria and Archaea have been isolated and their phylogeny and metabolic capacity to degrade a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in varying salinities have been demonstrated. This article focuses on our growing understanding of bacteria and archaea responsible for the degradation of hydrocarbons under aerobic conditions in moderate to high salinity conditions. Even though organisms belonging to various genera have been shown to degrade hydrocarbons, members of the genera Halomonas Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Haloferax, Haloarcula, and Halobacterium dominate the published literature. Despite rapid advances in understanding microbial taxa that degrade hydrocarbons under aerobic conditions, not much is known about organisms that carry out similar processes in anaerobic conditions. Also, information on molecular mechanisms and pathways of hydrocarbon degradation in high salinity is scarce and only recently there have been a few reports describing genes, enzymes and breakdown steps for some hydrocarbons. These limited studies have clearly revealed that degradation of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbons by halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms occur by pathways similar to those found in non-halophiles.Peer reviewedMicrobiology and Molecular Genetic

Design and optimization of elastic bodies stressed-strained condition in the vicinity of singular points with the usage of singular elements

The aim of the work is to develop efficient numerical methods of design and optimization of stressed-strained condition in the vicinity of singular points of flat and spatial elastic bodies made of isotropic and anisotropic materials. There nave been offered and substantiated efficient semi-analytical elements to design stressed-strained condition in the vicinity of elastic bodies singular points of various types. Concrete problems of geometry search in the vicinity of singular points, allowing to distribute stresses in the most eficient way according to the given criterion, have been stated and solved. Algorithms and programs for designing and optimization of stressed-strained condition in the vicinity of elastic bodies singular points of various types have been developed. Recommendations have been given concerning the selection of optimum geometry in the vicinity of singular points. Field of application: training courses on numerical methods of designing to strengthAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio