The Tomilovs, Siberian Petty Noblemen

The article reconstructs the lives of Siberian deti boiarskie Ivan and Fëdor Tomilov and their immediate descendants within the framework of the current historiographical debate on the descriptive principles of Russian society in the early modern era. From the mid seventeenth century to the early 1720s, the Tomilov brothers specialized in running peasant settlements (slobody). They very often got appointed in settlements where they had vested economic interests. Their careers are characteristic of only part of Siberian deti boiarskie: this points to the existence of variations in the types of service and in lifestyles within this social category. It comes out from the various descriptions of conflicts recorded in the Verkhotur´e governor’s office and Siberian Chancellery archives that the Tomilovs enjoyed support from members of various social groups who, for some of them, were relatives. At the same time, opponents from lower rungs (belomestnye cossacks, peasants) did not forget their lower social status. The Tomilovs, thanks to their connections with members of other social groups, successfully adapted to the state’s social legislation, which sometimes proved disadvantageous. However, after Peter’s reforms, Ivan’s descendants, who served in the newly formed Tobol´sk Dragoon Regiment, had less difficulty keeping their privileged status than Fëdor’s, who held on to their traditional way of life as deti boiarskie running settlements. Thus, biographical and microhistorical approaches permit both to problematize and corroborate the “grand narratives” of social history based on traditional terminology and focusing on state policy.L’article reconstruit les biographies des frères Fedor et Ivan Tomilov, cadets de province (deti bojarskie) sibériens, et de leurs descendants immédiats, dans le contexte de la discussion historiographique actuelle sur les principes de description de la société russe de l’époque moderne. Sur la période étudiée (milieu du xviie ‑ années 20 du xviiie siècle), les deux frères spécialisés dans la gestion de faubourgs paysans (slobody) surent se créer une sorte de sphère d’influence  : d’ailleurs, le plus souvent, ils étaient nommés là où se trouvaient leurs propres intérêts économiques. Cependant, ce type de carrière ne concernait qu’une partie des cadets de province sibériens, ce qui amène à s’interroger sur les autres modes de vie et de service au sein de cette catégorie statutaire. Les situations de conflits que l’auteur saisit à travers la documentation du secrétariat de Sibérie et des bureaux de gouverneur de Verhotur´e montrent que les Tomilov jouissaient du soutien de représentants de groupes sociaux très variés, et ceux de leurs adversaires locaux qui appartenaient à des groupes de statut inférieur (cosaques, paysans) tenaient visiblement compte de leur position subalterne dans la hiérarchie officielle. Grâce à leur réseau local, les deux frères surent s’adapter aux conditions changeantes, parfois défavorables, de la politique sociale du gouvernement central. Quant à la réussite de leurs descendants, elle fut inégale. Les fils d’Ivan, qui choisirent le service militaire dans un régiment de Tobol´sk, réussirent bien mieux à s’adapter aux réformes du règne de Pierre le Grand et à conserver un statut social privilégié que les fils de Fedor, qui cherchaient à conserver le mode de vie traditionnel de cadets de province gérants de faubourgs. Les approches biographiques et micro‑historiques permettent ici de problématiser et de confirmer les «  grands narratifs  » de l’histoire sociale fondés sur la terminologie traditionnelle et centrés sur la politique de l’État

Diseño de un jardín vertical de especies del semiárido mediterráneo

El sureste español está caracterizado por un clima mediterráneo semiárido. Para hacer frente a las condiciones de aridez, la vegetación local autóctona ha desarrollado adaptaciones xerofitas que le permiten hacer frente a las altas temperaturas y los largos períodos de sequía. Además, el calentamiento global actual y el rápido desarrollo urbano han traído nuevos desafíos, además de agravar los ya propios de la zona, afectando así a la calidad de vida. Para abordar estos problemas, se propone la implementación de infraestructuras verdes sostenibles, como muros verdes. De modo que este proyecto se enfoca en modelizar (desde el punto de vista ecológico) un muro verde en una zona mucha visibilidad como es el Edificio Torreblanca del campus de Elche de la Universidad Miguel Hernández. Para ello, se han seleccionado especies autóctonas del sureste español y se ha diseñado una estructura interna con un sistema de riego. Cabe destacarse que, se han estudiado los requerimientos y condiciones necesarias para la inclusión de las especies vegetales seleccionadas en el jardín. Sin embargo, como proyección futura tras la instalación, se ha considerado la necesidad de la sustitución de las especies puntuales no viables.The southeast of Spain is characterised by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. To cope with the arid conditions, the local native vegetation has developed xerophytic adaptations that allow it to cope with the high temperatures and long periods of drought. In addition, current global warming and rapid urban development have brought new challenges as well as aggravating those already specific to the area, affecting the quality of life. To address these problems, the implementation of sustainable green infrastructures, such as green walls, is proposed. So, this project focuses on modelling (from an ecological approach) a green wall in a highly visible area such as the Torreblanca Building on the Elche campus of the Miguel Hernández University. For this purpose, native species from the southeast of Spain have been selected and an internal structure with an irrigation system has been designed. It should be noted that the requirements and conditions necessary for the inclusion of the selected plant species in the garden have been studied. However, as a future projection after the installation, the need to replace specific species that are not viable has been considered

Application of multiphoton imaging and machine learning to lymphedema tissue analysis

The results of in-vivo two-photon imaging of lymphedema tissue are presented. The study involved 36 image samples from II stage lymphedema patients and 42 image samples from healthy volunteers. The papillary layer of the skin with a penetration depth of about 100 μm was examined. Both the collagen network disorganization and increase of the collagen/elastin ratio in lymphedema tissue, characterizing the severity of fibrosis, was observed. Various methods of image characterization, including edge detectors, a histogram of oriented gradients method, and a predictive model for diagnosis using machine learning, were used. The classification by “ensemble learning” provided 96% accuracy in validating the data from the testing set

Medical diagnosis using NIR and THz tissue imaging and machine learning methods

The problem of extracting useful information for medical diagnosis from 2D and 3D optical imaging experimental data is of great importance. We are discussing challenges and perspectives of medical diagnosis using machine learning analysis of NIR and THz tissue imaging. The peculiarities of tissue optical clearing for tissue imaging in NIR and THz spectral ranges aiming the improvement of content data analysis, methods of extracting of informative features from experimental data and creating of prognostic models for medical diagnosis using machine learning methods are discussed

Soil Microbiological Approaches to Reconstruction of the Purpose of Ancient Settlements Construction

The aim of the article is reconstruction of purpose of ancient settlements construction using a combination of chemical and microbiological indicators. The study object is the Bagai-1 settlement of the Late Bronze Age in the northwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula. The chemical and microbiological properties of the occupation layer within the buildings of various shapes and sizes in different parts of the site have been studied. It was established that the Bagai-1 settlement is a stationary settlement of pastoralists, or was intended for living in the winter. Traces of cattle manure were found everywhere, which is confirmed by the high values of such soil indicators of livestock keeping as urease activity, the number of keratinolytic fungi and thermophilic bacteria in the cultural layer. The results of the research showed that most of the buildings in the settlement were related to livestock keeping. We cannot exclude the joint stay in the premises of both animals and humans, especially in the cold season when livestock was used as a source of heat. However, according to the complex of natural scientific data, no buildings have been identified that could be called exclusively residential, and in all cases the traces oflivestock are much more pronounced than the traces of human habitation. At the same time, vast areas without traces of stone buildings were found at the settlement, but with a high content of mineral forms of phosphates in the cultural layer and high values of magnetic susceptibility, which indicates the entry into the soil of a large amount of ceramics, ash, and pyrogenic residues. The combination of these properties can be considered as an indicator of human habitation

The study of spectral changes in THz range in normal and pathological skin in vivo depending on the dehydration methods used

The terahertz (THz) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) imaging of normal and pathological skin under the action of various dehydration agents was carried out in vivo. Studies were conducted on animal models (the mouse), patients with diabetes, and healthy volunteers. For measurements, each animal was leaned against the ATR prism of the skin surface, and several locations in the skin of each animal were analyzed. Places on the skin for analysis were chosen so that the intensity spectra of the THz signal were practically the same for selected points. THz spectra measurements were carried out every 10 minutes within 45 minutes interval under the action of a dehydration agent. 40% glucose was shown to provide the most effective improving tissue optical clearing effect in the THz range