Modern technologies in sports games

The paper examines in detail the impact of technology on sports. It also shows how many different technologies are currently used in sports

Выбор переменных в ультрафиолетовом, видимом и ближнем инфракрасном диапазонах для калибровки смеси растительных масел по спектрам оптической плотности

The aim of the work was a multivariate calibration of the concentration of unrefined sunflower oil, considered as adulteration, in a mixture with flaxseed oil. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop a simple and effective method for detecting the falsification of flaxseed oil which is superior in the content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids to olive oil. A few works only are devoted to identifying adulteration of flaxseed oil, unlike olive oil.Multivariate calibration carried out using a model based on the principal component analysis, cluster analysis and projection to latent structures of absorbance spectra in UV, visible and near IR ranges. Calibration uses three methods for spectral variables selection: the successive projections algorithm, the method of searching combination moving window, and method for ranking variables by correlation coefficient.The application of the successive projections algorithm, ranking variables by correlation coefficient and searching combination moving window makes it possible to reduce the value of the root mean square error of prediction from 0.63 % for wideband projection to latent structures to 0.46 %, 0.50 %, and 0.03 %, respectively.The developed method of multivariate calibration by projection to latent structures of absorbance spectra in UV, visible and near IR ranges using the spectral variables selection by searching combination moving window is a simple and effective method of detecting adulteration of flaxseed oil.Целью работы являлась многопараметрическая калибровка концентрации нерафинированного подсолнечного масла, рассматриваемого в качестве фальсификата льняного масла. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки простого и эффективного метода обнаружения фальсификации льняного масла, превосходящего по содержанию незаменимых полиненасыщенных жирных кислот оливковое масло, выявлению подделок которого в отличие от льняного посвящено большое количество работ.Многопараметрическая калибровка проводилась с помощью модели, основанной на методе главных компонент, кластерном анализе и проекции на латентные структуры спектров оптической плотности в УФ-, видимом и ближнем ИК диапазонах с применением трех методов выбора спектральных переменных: метода последовательного проецирования, метода поиска комбинации сдвигающихся окон и метода ранжирования переменных по коэффициенту корреляции.Показано, что применение методов последовательного проецирования, ранжирования переменных по коэффициенту корреляции и поиска комбинации сдвигающихся спектральных окон позволяет уменьшить величину среднеквадратичного отклонения калибровки с 0,63 % для широкополосной проекции на латентные структуры до 0,46 %, 0,50 % и 0,03 %, соответственно.Разработанный метод многопараметрической калибровки с помощью проекции на латентные структуры спектров оптической плотности в УФ-, видимом и ближнем ИК диапазонах с применением выбора спектральных переменных путём поиска комбинации сдвигающихся окон является простым и эффективным средством обнаружения фальсификации льняного масла

Analysis of phase distributions in the Li\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO–Nb\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e5\u3c/sub\u3e–TiO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e system by piezoresponse imaging

The M-phase solid solutions Li1+x-yNb1-x-3yTix+4yO3) (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.175) in the Li2O–Nb2O5–TiO2 system have promising microwave dielectric properties. However, these compounds can contain small quantities of ferroelectric impurities that affect the polarization response of the material. Due to their low concentration and their chemical similarity to the host material, the impurities cannot be detected by x-ray diffraction or local elemental analysis. Scanning surface potential microscopy and piezoresponse imaging were used to analyze phase compositions in this system. Piezoresponse imaging demonstrated the presence of thin (\u3c200–300 nm) ferroelectric layers on the grain boundaries oriented along the c-axis of the M-phase. Differences between the surface potential and the piezoresponse of ferroelectric multicomponent systems are discussed

Spectroscopic imaging of single atoms within a bulk solid

The ability to localize, identify and measure the electronic environment of individual atoms will provide fundamental insights into many issues in materials science, physics and nanotechnology. We demonstrate, using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission microscope, the spectroscopic imaging of single La atoms inside CaTiO3. Dynamical simulations confirm that the spectroscopic information is spatially confined around the scattering atom. Furthermore we show how the depth of the atom within the crystal may be estimated.Comment: 4 pages and 3 figures. Accepted in Phys.Rev.Let

Finite size and intrinsic field effect on the polar-active properties of the ferroelectric-semiconductor heterostructures

Using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire approach we calculated the equilibrium distributions of electric field, polarization and space charge in the ferroelectric-semiconductor heterostructures containing proper or incipient ferroelectric thin films. The role of the polarization gradient and intrinsic surface energy, interface dipoles and free charges on polarization dynamics are specifically explored. The intrinsic field effects, which originated at the ferroelectric-semiconductor interface, lead to the surface band bending and result into the formation of depletion space-charge layer near the semiconductor surface. During the local polarization reversal (caused by the inhomogeneous electric field induced by the nanosized tip of the Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) probe) the thickness and charge of the interface layer drastically changes, it particular the sign of the screening carriers is determined by the polarization direction. Obtained analytical solutions could be extended to analyze polarization-mediated electronic transport.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, 2 appendices, to be submitted to Phys. Rev.

Current State of the Development of Next-Generation Vaccines against Ebola Virus Disease

Representative of Ebolavirus gender, Filoviridae family, Ebola virus is an etiological agent of particularly dangerous viral fever, the lethality of which comes up to 88 %. According to the leading specialists and experts in the sphere, vaccination is the most effective and cost-efficient method for the protection from epidemic spread. Objective of the review is to analyze current state of the development of next generation vaccines against Ebola fever. It is established that focus areas of the activities are the construction of vaccines on the basis of alpha-virus replicons, virus-like particles, and the development of DNA-vaccines and vector recombinant vaccines. The paper discusses the most significant achievements in the sphere of obtainment of potent therapies for prophylaxis as regards Ebola fever. To date manufactured, using various approaches, have been the next-generation vaccine preparations, for a number of which high protective capacity is demonstrated in the course of experiments on the nonhuman primates. The most advanced and prospective prototype is the vector recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine

Theory-assisted determination of nano-rippling and impurities in atomic resolution images of angle-mismatched bilayer graphene

Ripples and impurity atoms are universally present in 2D materials, limiting carrier mobility, creating pseudo–magnetic fields, or affecting the electronic and magnetic properties. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generally provides picometer-level precision in the determination of the location of atoms or atomic 'columns' in the in-image plane (xy plane). However, precise atomic positions in the z-direction as well as the presence of certain impurities are difficult to detect. Furthermore, images containing moiré patterns such as those in angle-mismatched bilayer graphene compound the problem by limiting the determination of atomic positions in the xy plane. Here, we introduce a reconstructive approach for the analysis of STEM images of twisted bilayers that combines the accessible xy coordinates of atomic positions in a STEM image with density-functional-theory calculations. The approach allows us to determine all three coordinates of all atomic positions in the bilayer and establishes the presence and identity of impurities. The deduced strain-induced rippling in a twisted bilayer graphene sample is consistent with the continuum model of elasticity. We also find that the moiré pattern induces undulations in the z direction that are approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the strain-induced rippling. A single substitutional impurity, identified as nitrogen, is detected. The present reconstructive approach can, therefore, distinguish between moiré and strain-induced effects and allows for the full reconstruction of 3D positions and atomic identities