El tiempo del delito en las ciudades castellanas a fines de la Edad Media

When the sky darkened and church bells announced night had fallen in different cities of the medieval kingdom of Castile, criminals found fertile ground for committing various types of crime sheltered by the anonymity of darkness. Immediately, the city authorities took all the necessary measures to control life at night. In this paper, we will analyze the links between the criminal world and the night to finally reveal the various means utilized by municipalities in order to achieve if only a partial “domestication” of life at night.Cuando el cielo se oscurecía y las campanas de las iglesias anunciaban el inicio de la noche en las distintas ciudades medievales del reino de Castilla, los delincuentes encontraban un terreno fértil para cometer diferentes tipos de delitos amparados por el anonimato de las tinieblas. Inmediatamente, las autoridades citadinas tomaron medidas con la intención de establecer un control de las actividades nocturnas. En el presente artículo, analizaremos las vinculaciones entre el mundo del delito y la noche para finalmente poner de manifiesto las distintas herramientas instrumentadas desde los municipios con el objetivo de lograr una siempre incompleta “domesticación” de la nocturnidad

European Employment Policy: the European Commission's approach to unemployment benefits

openUnemployment insurance is a major component of different European welfare regimes, whereby each EU member state has its own distinctive scheme. Although as a domestic fiscal and social policy, unemployment benefits fall under national competence, the European Commission has exercised pressure over this policy area already since the establishment of the European Employment Strategy (EES), and more directly within the framework of the European Semester (ES). This dissertation retraces the history of the EES since the 1990s, and then, by focusing on the ES procedures, it analyses both in qualitative and quantitative terms the Commission's approach to unemployment benefits. On the qualitative side, this dissertation explores key EU documents (such as, the yearly AGS - Annual Growth Survey, JER - Joint Employment Report and CRs - Country Reports) to review how the Commission addresses national unemployment benefits and how it conceptualises this social policy. Then, on the quantitative side, this dissertation analyses the endorsed Country Specific Recommendations (CSRs) that deal with unemployment benefits, with the aim of assessing whether the recommendations aim at the EU-wide convergence of specific features of this insurance scheme, thereby matching each member state’s unemployment benefits scheme with the received recommendations. To this end and to improve the precision of matching, this dissertation, first, individuates several categories within the policy area of unemployment benefits, next, it assigns each CSR to one or more of these categories and, finally, determines whether the recommendations are pro-labour or pro-market. These three parts combined shed light on the direction, intensity and possible pro- or anti-labour biases of the European Commission's approach to national unemployment insurance schemes.Unemployment insurance is a major component of different European welfare regimes, whereby each EU member state has its own distinctive scheme. Although as a domestic fiscal and social policy, unemployment benefits fall under national competence, the European Commission has exercised pressure over this policy area already since the establishment of the European Employment Strategy (EES), and more directly within the framework of the European Semester (ES). This dissertation retraces the history of the EES since the 1990s, and then, by focusing on the ES procedures, it analyses both in qualitative and quantitative terms the Commission's approach to unemployment benefits. On the qualitative side, this dissertation explores key EU documents (such as, the yearly AGS - Annual Growth Survey, JER - Joint Employment Report and CRs - Country Reports) to review how the Commission addresses national unemployment benefits and how it conceptualises this social policy. Then, on the quantitative side, this dissertation analyses the endorsed Country Specific Recommendations (CSRs) that deal with unemployment benefits, with the aim of assessing whether the recommendations aim at the EU-wide convergence of specific features of this insurance scheme, thereby matching each member state’s unemployment benefits scheme with the received recommendations. To this end and to improve the precision of matching, this dissertation, first, individuates several categories within the policy area of unemployment benefits, next, it assigns each CSR to one or more of these categories and, finally, determines whether the recommendations are pro-labour or pro-market. These three parts combined shed light on the direction, intensity and possible pro- or anti-labour biases of the European Commission's approach to national unemployment insurance schemes

Student-Run Agencies: A Guideline for Agency Survival

The purpose of this paper is to study 110 student-run agencies (including advertising, public relations, integrated/digital marketing, communications, and graphics and/or design) in the U.S. by analyzing how they currently operate, what practices exist in the agencies for learning, growth, and continuation and how leadership roles of students and advisors influence the agency. This project built upon past studies of student-run agencies and expanded on the topic using the evolutionary theory of a firm by analyzing factors that determine whether it appears that a student-run agency might dissolve or last. This was determined by measuring the faculty advisor involvement level, the transfer of agency knowledge between old and new student directors and the structure and characteristics that can allow the firm to survive over time. The study also looks at leadership styles of both the faculty advisors and the student leaders. The end results help establish characteristics of a student-run agency that can survive over time even as students come and go. Overall, the study found that agency characteristics have changed since they were first studied in 2009. Faculty advisors are spending more time with the agency with 18.3% working 0 up to 3 hours per week compared to the 26.1% of advisors who spent less than 3 hours per week with their agency in a 2011 study. Agencies have also been physically documenting more agency related material, such as an employee manual/handbook, with 73.3% now having manuals compared to 50% of agencies having employee manuals in 2011. Though more agency information is now documented, more than half of the agencies (55%) run the risk of dissolving since they do not train a new student manager using agency manuals. However, student managers are taking full and/or partial authority over their agency team (65%), including the training of new student managers (95%) and financial decisions involving the agency (31.7%)

Clonable selenium nanoparticle in action: high resolution localization of FtsZ using electron tomography, A

2021 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.A meaningful understanding of biochemistry requires that we understand the function of proteins, which is heavily dependent on their structure and location within an organism. As the Resolution Revolution of cryo-electron microscopy gains unprecedented ground largely due to the recent development of commercially available direct electron detectors, energy filters, and high-end computation, thousands of protein structures have been solved at atomic or near-atomic resolution, with the highest resolution structure to date being solved at 1.2 Å. A major challenge that has limited the broad use of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is locating a protein of interest in an organism, as no commercially available high-contrast markers which can be generated in vivo exist. Herein, we present a breakthrough study which aims to solve this problem by synthesizing high contrast metal nanoparticles labeling desired proteins in situ. We isolated a Glutathione Reductase-like Metalloid Reductase (GRLMR), which can reduce selenite and selenate into selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), from Pseudomonas moraviensis stanleyae found in the roots of a Se hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata, or Desert Princes' Plume. A recombinant variant, denoted as a clonable Selenium NanoParticle (cSeNP), was fused to filamentous temperature sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), and the chimera was expressed in vivo using a T7 expression system in model organism E. coli for a proof-of-concept study. Because the SeNPs biogenically produced are amorphous, they exist in a quasistable state and are composed of polymeric Sen in the form of chains and rings that are constantly breaking and reforming. To stabilize the particles during cellular preservation ex aqua, a disproportionation-like reaction can be done either in vivo or as a post-fixation step to form crystalline metal selenide (MSe) NPs that can withstand the processing liquids used. Thereafter, electron tomography was used to acquire a tilt series that was reconstructed into a tomogram and segmented using IMOD, generating a model representing MSeNPs labeling FtsZ filaments. As such, we have demonstrated the potential of using cSeNP as a high resolution marker for cryo-ET. While our study relied on traditional preservation and embedment techniques, we anticipate that for cells preserved via vitrification, cloned SeNPs can be used without subsequent transformation to MSeNPs, as the amorphous particles are stable in aqueous media. Prospectively, we expect that clonable nanoparticle technology will revolutionize cryo-ET, allowing us to localize proteins in vivo at high resolution while maintaining organism viability through metal immobilization. Furthermore, this technique can be expanded to other imaging modalities, such as light microscopy and X-ray tomography, through the discovery and engineering of other clonable nanoparticles

El otoño de la Edad Media en Castilla y Aragón

Los siglos finales de la Edad Media hispánica fueron escenario de profundas transformaciones. Hacia el año 1300, una sociedad sacudida por los efectos de los cataclismos climáticos, castigada por las pestes y víctima de una violencia endémica y terrorífica se readaptaba a las nuevas circunstancias. En la arena política, las disputas giraron en torno al poder y al deseo enfermizo de los hombres de la época por alcanzar la fama y trascendencia histórica. En esta obra, su autor nos ofrece una pintura de aquellos tiempos turbulentos y nos invita a sumergirnos en el conocimiento de una sociedad desaparecida pero de la que somos sus herederos.Fil: Borgognoni, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

"Identidad de la distancia en un mutuo paseo" (2018)

Identidad de la distancia en un mutuo paseo (2018) Humana fotografiada: Laura Indigo Textiles: A Hug Collection • Contrapunto de hemisferios que al correr se reencuentran • Una pared que te permite asomarte a tus nuevas verdades • Ver la luna en soledad y sentirse una manta en el desierto • Un paseo nocturno que nos aclara las ideas Obra realizada por el autor para su reproducción en esta publicaciónFacultad de Bellas Arte

"Identidad de la distancia en un mutuo paseo" (2018)

Identidad de la distancia en un mutuo paseo (2018) Humana fotografiada: Laura Indigo Textiles: A Hug Collection • Contrapunto de hemisferios que al correr se reencuentran • Una pared que te permite asomarte a tus nuevas verdades • Ver la luna en soledad y sentirse una manta en el desierto • Un paseo nocturno que nos aclara las ideas Obra realizada por el autor para su reproducción en esta publicaciónFacultad de Bellas Arte