212 research outputs found
Working with diverse groups of learners in the digital age : 7: Click here, navigating the Teaching Qualification in Further Education : online distance learners around their Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)
Effects of repeated consumption on sensory-enhanced satiety
Previous research suggests that sensory characteristics of a drink modify the acute satiating effects of its nutrients, with enhanced satiety evident when a high energy drink was thicker and tasted creamier. The present study tested whether this modulation of satiety by sensory context was altered by repeated consumption. Participants (n=48) consumed one of four drinks mid-morning on seven non-consecutive days with satiety responses measured pre-exposure (day 1), post-exposure (day 6) and at a one month follow-up. Drinks combined two levels of energy (lower energy, LE, 326 KJ: higher energy, HE, 1163KJ) with two levels of satiety-predictive sensory characteristics (low-sensory, LS, or enhanced sensory, ES). Test lunch intake 90 minutes after drink consumption depended on both the energy content and sensory characteristics of the drink before exposure, but on energy content alone at post-exposure and the follow-up. The largest change was an increase in test meal intake over time in the LE/LS condition. Effects on intake were reflected in appetite ratings, with rated hunger and expected filling affected by sensory characteristics and energy content pre-exposure, but were largely determined by energy content post exposure and at follow up. In contrast, a measure of expected satiety reflected sensory characteristics regardless of energy content on all three test days. Overall these data suggest that some aspects of the sensory-modulation of satiety are changed by repeated consumption, with covert energy becoming more effective in suppressing appetite over time, but also suggest that these behavioural changes are not readily translated into expectations of satiety
Feminist Ethics and Research with Women in Prison
In this article, a new model, An Ethic of Empathy, is proposed as a guide for researchers, particularly new scholars to the discipline. This model emerged from the authorsâ concerns regarding the application of ethics to studies that focus on the experience of female offenders in criminal justice systems. The key issue is the vulnerability of incarcerated and post-release women in relationship to the powerful status of social scientist researchers. The complexity of ethics in such research settings necessitates a particular ethical preparation, involving formation, reflection, understanding, commitment, care, and empathy. Three cases are outlined which document the authorsâ ethical formations as researchers
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Promises, promises: can the female offender strategy deliver?
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI linkFollowing a number of postponements, the long awaited and much needed female
offender strategy for England and Wales was finally published in June 2018. The
strategy reflects the strong agreement across the sector of the need for a âdistinctâ or
âgender-specificâ approach to respond to the vulnerabilities of women in the Criminal
Justice System (CJS). Despite this, the strategy lacks clarity and offers little assurance
that the direction taken will result in actual change and positive reform. It is vital that
the governmentâs implementation of the female offender strategy provides and
demonstrates a genuine commitment to appropriate provision for females in the CJS
through ring-fenced permanent funding as well as top-down accountability
Single shot, temporally and spatially resolved measurements of fast electron dynamics using a chirped optical probe
A new approach to rear surface optical probing is presented that permits multiple, time-resolved 2D measurements to be made during a single, ultra-intense ( > 1018 W cmâ2) laser-plasma interaction. The diagnostic is capable of resolving rapid changes in target reflectivity which can be used to infer valuable information on fast electron transport and plasma formation at the target rear surface. Initial results from the Astra-Gemini laser are presented, with rapid radial sheath expansion together with detailed filamentary features being observed to evolve during single shots
Effects of hunger state on flavour pleasantness conditioning at home: flavour-nutrient learning vs. flavour-flavour learning
This study examined acquired liking of flavour preferences through flavour-flavour and flavour-nutrient learning under hungry or sated conditions in a naturalistic setting. Each participant consumed one of three versions of a test drink at home either before lunch or after lunch: minimally sweetened (CONTROL: 3% sucrose, 40kcal), artificially sweetened (3% sucrose 40kcal plus artificial sweeteners ASPARTAME) and sucrose-sweetened (SUCROSE: 9.9% sugar, 132kcal). The test drink was an uncarbonated peach-flavoured iced tea served in visually identical drink cans (330ml). Participants preselected as "sweet likers" evaluated the minimally sweetened flavoured drink (conditioned stimulus, CS) in the same state (hungry or sated) in which they consumed the test drink at home. Overall, liking for the CS flavour increased in participants who consumed the SUCROSE drink, however, this increase in liking was significantly larger when tested and trained hungry than sated, consistent with a flavour-nutrient model. Overall increases in pleasantness for the CS flavour in participants who consumed the SUCROSE drink when sated or the ASPARTAME drink independent of hunger state, suggest that flavour-flavour learning also occurred. These results are discussed in light of current learning models of flavour preference
A scoping review of interventions to improve oral health in prison settings
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of oral health interventions implemented in prison settings and explore the barriers and facilitators towards implementation. METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology, six databases were searched including Medline (R), Emcare, Embase, AMED, Cochrane and PsycINFO. A total of 978 studies were returned and screened. The inclusion criteria were those studies conducted in a prison population, with an intervention to address oral health and published since 2000. RESULTS: Ten studies published between 2008 and 2021 were included. All were conducted in high-income countries. Three intervention types were identified: health education (n = 5), teledentistry (n = 3) and screening or triaging (n = 2). The barriers and facilitators to successful implementation were grouped into a framework of four overarching concepts. These included prison environment, population makeup, compliance and staffing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Evidence suggests that oral health interventions in prisons are focused on improving access to services and oral health messages. A range of drivers including the prison environment, staffing levels, recruitment and intervention compliance influence implementation and the success of interventions
<i>In vitro</i> BioID:Mapping the CENP-A microenvironment with high temporal and spatial resolution
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