Local Food Marketing as a Development Opportunity for Small UK Agri-Food Businesses

Local Food Marketing as a Development Opportunity for Small UK Agri-Food Businesseslocal food, marketing, small-business development, UK, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,

PHONETIC MOTIVATION FOR DIACHRONIC SOUND CHANGE IN BANTU LANGUAGES AS EVIDENCED BY VOICELESS PRENASALIZED STOP PERCEPTION BY NATIVE SOMALI CHIZIGULA SPEAKERS

Two hypotheses were tested as triggering nasal effacement (leaving an aspiration contrast) in voiceless prenasalized stops in Bantu languages: Aspiration is more reliably produced than voiceless nasalization. Voiceless nasalization is harder to hear than aspiration. Productions from two Somali Chizigula speakers were measured to test the cue reliability of nasalization amplitude versus aspiration duration. Aspiration is a more reliably produced cue, providing better distinction between voiceless stops. The perception of voiceless nasalization and aspiration by 10 Somali Chizigula participants was tested. Native productions of voiceless prenasalized and plain stops were cross-spliced to contain pre-burst information from one stop type and post-burst from the other. Participants then identified each stimulus as prenasalized or plain. Nasalized-only stimuli were identified as “prenasalized” significantly less than control prenasalized stimuli, but aspirated-only stimuli did not receive significantly less “prenasalized” responses than prenasalized controls. Aspiration appears easier to hear, but not more heavily weighted than nasalization.Master of Art

Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

This paper presents extensive bias determination analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from nearly 20 satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the average values of the mean relative differences are nearly all within +1 to +8%. At higher altitudes (45 60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments, with mean relative differences of up to +40% (about + 20% on average). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, mean relative differences are within +/- 10% (average values within +/- 6%) between 18 and 40 km for both the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (similar to 35-55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (with mean relative differences down to -10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS, indicating a large positive bias (mean relative differences within +10 to +30%) in the 45-55 km altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant systematic difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements

Local Food Marketing: Factors for Growth of Small Agri‐food Businesses in the UK

This study aims to understand local food and explore the barriers to development for small innovative food businesses. Research was conducted through depth interviews and a survey in North‐West England. Results indicate that small business success can be subjective and performance dependent on business aims. Identified were issues concerning access to finance, burden of regulations and the need for support from industry networks and government. Lack of an official and recognised definition of the term “local food” had implications for marketing strategy. Small businesses recognise that customers are increasingly concerned with food provenance and traceability, but that they and their representative associations need to do more to make these links

Local food marketing as a development opportunity for small UK agri-food businesses

The study explores local food as a marketing opportunity for small food producers and identifies barriers to development. Research was conducted primarily through depth interviews, supplemented by a survey of food marketing group members in North-West England. The results of this local study were consistent with national survey data showing increasing consumer interest in food provenance, traceability and support for the local economy. Lack of an official and recognised definition of the term “local food” hindered marketing. Restricted access to finance and the burden of regulations were identified as barriers. Further, small business success was subjective and difficult to identify, since goals may be based on sustaining a lifestyle rather than profit

Reflectance, Transmittance, and Absorbance Values in Salvia apiana Result in Better Performance than Salvia mellifera in Drought- like Conditions

Salvia apiana, due to the physically lighter color and thickness of the leaves, will have higher reflectance values, lower transmittance values, and lower absorbance values than Salvia mellifera. These measurements exemplify characteristics of a better adapted species for droughts, and then the absorption values can be used to calculate more information on the species like ERT. We measured transmittance and reflectance of six leaves from randomly selected plants of both species through the use of an integrating sphere. After obtaining the R and T value of each plant, we calculated the leaf absorbance,α. This was done by using the equation α = 1 - R - T. We found the S. mellifera had a lower reflectance value with a mean around 12% compared to the S. apiana that had a mean around 25%. The S. mellifera had a transmittance around 7% while the S. apiana was only around 3%. The absorbance values were closer than expected. The S. mellifera mean was 80% while the S. apiana was 70%. All of our data was found significant by a Student’s t-test, and this allowed us to accept our hypothesis that Salvia apiana is better adapted for drought

Local Food Marketing as a Development Opportunity for Small UK Agri-Food Businesses

Local Food Marketing as a Development Opportunity for Small UK Agri-Food Businesse

Local food marketing: factors for growth of small agri-food businesses in the UK

Local food marketing: Factors for growth of small agri-food businesses in the U