Elementary English Language Learners\u27 Perceptions of Teacher Care in the Classroom

English Language Learners (ELLs) experience care in the classroom based on prior experiences, teacher and student relationships, academic support, health support, and safety. The purpose of this study was to understand how ELLs experience care in the classroom with their classroom teacher as described by six ELL participants. A positive teacher-student relationship rooted in care, comfort, safety, and trust enhanced ELLs\u27 engagement with their classroom teacher. The findings of this qualitative narrative study revealed that unconditional support and individualized quality time contributed to ELLs’ well-being in the classroom. Interpretations of care from the ELLs’ narratives depicted how experiences in the classroom informed wellness and motivation for learning. Daily classroom practices enabled ELLs to feel comfortable and safe and develop a sense of belonging. Teacher and student relationships can positively affect ELLs, allowing them to be engaged in their own learning. When teachers carefully consider ELLs’ needs and support them unconditionally, ELLs can attain positive well-being. Further development of the teacher-student relationship can benefit all stakeholders because it provides a foundation for ensuring positive well-being for ELLs and academic success. Implications suggest that planning time, professional development, allocation of resources, and enhancing the home and school connection are crucial for educating ELLs and providing them with equitable opportunities. Nodding’s Care Theory and Krashen’s Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory were two theoretical frameworks used to support this qualitative study

Investigating 3D Modelling of Buildings: New Cathedral of Salamanca

With construction completed over four hundred (400\u3e) years ago, the New Cathedral of Salamanca stands as one of the oldest cathedrals in Spain. Established as a UNESCO cultural heritage site, people from around the world journey to Spain and visit the quaint town of Salamanca to experience its presence and beauty. The cathedral definitely has a unique euphoria about it and was the main reason why the researcher decided to take on the task of investigating this building. Consequently, by taking on this project, the goal was to create a log of the cathedral’s history and design, and with this information, understand the process involved in the creation of a 3-D model of the New Cathedral. In order to accomplish this, the researcher visited the actual site in Salamanca, Spain, and conducted an extensive review of relevant literature on the history of the cathedral. On completion, the cathedral’s valuable design features and sculptures such as, the Astronaut and Dragon Eating Ice-cream figures were documented. In addition to this, an open source model of the cathedral using the 3D modelling software of Sketchup was created along with the procedure used to arrive at this end product

A study of biomolecular interactions using three biological complexes to explore structure, dynamics and method development

The protein, RDE-4 in C. elegans, served as a model for studying how double stranded RNA binding proteins that bind to dsRNA molecules are critical for RNAi cellular processes. NMR spectroscopy confirms that the RDE-4 construct has characteristic protein domains that bind to. dsRNA and that RNA binding causes a significant global change of the protein structure. SAXS analysis indicates that the two binding domains in the RDE-4 protein do not interact with one another, but instead forms a continuous interface onto which long target dsRNA can bind. Gel shift assay experiments reveal that multiple RDE-4 molecules bind to a non-sequence specific RNA substrate with positive cooperativity. RNA binding occurs with micromolar affinity and a second binding event occurs with millimolar affinity. The binding of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) to inhibitors methotrexate (MTX) and 1,4-Bis-{[ N-(1-imino-1-guanidino-methyl)]sulfanylmethyl}-3,6-dimethyl-benzene (inhibitor 1) has been studied to investigate the dynamics involved in the catalytic mechanism of DHFR. NMR relaxation methods show that in the presence of inhibitor 1, the catalytic domain of DHFR binds 1 in the substrate-binding pocket and an occluded conformation is assumed. In both the DHFR:NADPH and DHFR:NADPH:1 complexes, motion is exhibited on the microsecond-millisecond timescale. The heat capacity change of DHFR upon binding to 1 and MTX are 43 ± 10 cal/mol-K and -120 ± 109 cal/mol-K respectively. Differences in ΔCp of DHFR binding to inhibitor 1 compared to that of MTX indicate that the mode of binding to 1 is different from what is observed in the crystal structure of the complex. An affinity electrophoresis method to screen for RNA-small molecule ligand interactions has been developed. This method is made quantifiable by cross-linking the ligand into the gel matrix and gauging binding by RNA mobility. The utility of this method is demonstrated using the known interaction between different aminoglycoside ligands with the E. coli ribosomal A-site RNA and with an RNA molecule containing a C-C mismatch. Average apparent dissociation constants are determined. This method allows an easy quantitative comparison between different nucleic acid molecules for a small molecule ligand

Interesting Properties of p-, d-, and f-Block Elements When Coordinated With Dipicolinic Acid and Its Derivatives as Ligands: Their Use as Inorganic Pharmaceuticals

This is a review of the literature concerning the interesting properties of p-, d-, and f-block elements when coordinated with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid, H2dipic) and its derivatives as ligands, with a focus on their use as inorganic pharmaceuticals. Some of the complexes reported were used as insulin-like, bioimaging contrasting agents, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents

Stimulating Non‐Energy Exports in Trinidad and Tobago: Evidence from a Small Petroleum‐Exporting Economy Experiencing the Dutch Disease

The motivation for this study hinges around the fact that Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) is suffering from the Dutch disease which inadvertently hinders the growth of non-energy exports. This paper examines measures that can be adopted for a small petroleum-exporting economy to dampen the effect of Dutch disease by promoting non-energy trade. This paper is novel and contributes to the literature in using panel data for the T&T case, as it investigates the effect of a devaluation of the TT dollar in order to stimulate non-energy exports (a combination of agriculture and manufacturing trade). Note that previous studies would have examined the Marshall–Lerner condition on the aggregate trade balance which is heavily influenced by energy revenues. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is used for ten of T&T’s main trading partners for the period 1991 to 2019 to establish findings. The results show that the Marshall–Lerner condition does not hold for aggregate trade in the long run, as expected. However, when non-energy trade is isolated, it is found that a devaluation of the TT dollar does have a positive impact on non-energy trade and the Marshall–Lerner condition holds. Other measures are also recommended to stimulate non-energy exports in the long run

Devlopment of a Practical Method to Quantify Infiltration Rate through Building Entrance

Infiltration through entrance doors, vestibules, cracks and other areas have a large impact in building energy consumption. It also has a significant impact on indoor air quality. There are only a few studies about air infiltration and air tightness in the literature. The purpose of this study is to develop practical methods to measure air infiltration rates through entrance doors. We have read research articles and identify several methods in the literature. Further investigation is required to help more accurately find infraction rate, crack size and location of cracks to help reduce air infiltration, energy costs, maintain comfortable indoor conditions and lower buildings\u27 carbon footprint

Axonal architecture of the mouse inner retina revealed by second harmonic generation

We describe a novel method for visualizing the network of axons in the unlabeled fresh wholemount retina. The intrinsic radiation of second harmonic generation (SHG) was utilized to visualize single axons of all major retinal neurons, i.e., photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and the retinal ganglion cells. The cell types of SHG + axons were determined using transgenic GFP/YFP mice. New findings were obtained with retinal SHG imaging: Müller cells do not maintain uniformly polarized microtubules in the processes; SHG + axons of bipolar cells terminate in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in a subtype-specific manner; a subset of amacrine cells, presumably the axon-bearing types, emits SHG; and the axon-like neurites of amacrine cells provide a cytoskeletal scaffolding for the IPL stratification. To demonstrate the utility, retinal SHG imaging was applied to testing whether the inner retina is preserved in glaucoma, using DBA/2 mice as a model of glaucoma and DBA/2- Gpnmb + as the nonglaucomatous control. It was found that the morphology of the inner retina was largely intact in glaucoma and the presynaptic compartments to the retinal ganglion cells were uncompromised. It proves retinal SHG imaging as a promising technology for studying the physiological and diseased retinas in 3D

Modeling hepatitis C micro-elimination among people who inject drugs with direct-acting antivirals in metropolitan Chicago

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and mortality worldwide. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy leads to high cure rates. However, persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for reinfection after cure and may require multiple DAA treatments to reach the World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal of HCV elimination by 2030. Using an agent-based model (ABM) that accounts for the complex interplay of demographic factors, risk behaviors, social networks, and geographic location for HCV transmission among PWID, we examined the combination(s) of DAA enrollment (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%), adherence (60%, 70%, 80%, 90%) and frequency of DAA treatment courses needed to achieve the WHO’s goal of reducing incident chronic infections by 90% by 2030 among a large population of PWID from Chicago, IL and surrounding suburbs. We also estimated the economic DAA costs associated with each scenario. Our results indicate that a DAA treatment rate of >7.5% per year with 90% adherence results in 75% of enrolled PWID requiring only a single DAA course; however 19% would require 2 courses, 5%, 3 courses and <2%, 4 courses, with an overall DAA cost of $325 million to achieve the WHO goal in metropolitan Chicago. We estimate a 28% increase in the overall DAA cost under low adherence (70%) compared to high adherence (90%). Our modeling results have important public health implications for HCV elimination among U.S. PWID. Using a range of feasible treatment enrollment and adherence rates, we report robust findings supporting the need to address re-exposure and reinfection among PWID to reduce HCV incidence

Plasma neurofilament light chain levels are elevated in children and young adults with Wolfram syndrome

Wolfram syndrome is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in th