Läs- och skrivfärdigheter och dess samband med självvärdering hos elever i grundskolans årskurs 4

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan självvärdering och läs- och skrivfärdigheter hos elever i fjärde klass i grundskolan. Tidigare forskning har funnit ett positivt samband mellan prestationer i skolan och självvärdering. Hypotesen var därför att positiva samband förväntades mellan ordavkodnings- och rättstavningsfärdigheter och självvärdering. Undersökningsdeltagare var elever i fjärde klass från tre olika grundskolor i Stockholmsområdet. Självvärderingen mättes med ett självskattningsformulär och läs- och skrivfärdigheter mättes med ordavkodnings- och rättstavningstest. Studiens resultat gav svaga men signifikanta samband mellan en aspekt av självvärdering, ”Färdigheter, talanger och begåvning”, och tre av de sex test som användes som underlag för screening av förmågan till ordavkodning och rättstavning. Dessa samband och en samtidig avsaknad av andra samband diskuteras avslutningsvis i relation till att det uppfattade kravet på läs- och skrivfärdigheter möjligen inte är så högt i undersökningsdeltagarnas ålder men att det sannolikt ökar under de följande åren

Does 8-year-old girls and boys get the same kind of attention from their teachers during math-lessons? : A quantitative study from a gender perspective.

Är lärares bemötande likvärdigt fördelat mellan flickor och pojkar? Ges flickor och pojkar lika stor mängd utrymme i undervisningen under matematiklektioner? För att studera interaktionen mellan lärare och elever under matematiklektioner har jag använt mig av en kvantitativ forskningsmetod där data samlats in under femton klassrumsobservationer i tre klasser i årskurs 2. Interaktionen mellan tre grundskolelärare och deras elever har studerats ur ett genusperspektiv, utifrån kategorierna talutrymme, antal frågor, och antal frågor som besvarats med, respektive utan, handuppräckning samt hur ofta flickorna, respektive pojkarna, tilldelas beröm och tillsägelser. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om lärarens bemötande av eleverna påverkas av elevernas könstillhörighet. Resultaten från studien visar att i de undersökta klasserna dominerar pojkarna som grupp vad gäller talutrymme, antalet besvarade frågor och uppmärksamhet från läraren, både vad gäller beröm och tillsägelser. Resultaten tyder på att flickor och pojkar ges olika utrymme i undervisningen under matematiklektionerna, vilket i förlängningen tyder på att flickor och pojkar fostras in i olika könsroller i enlighet med rådande genussystem

Seniors Information Behavior in Everyday Life and when Performing Internet Studies.

The aim of this study is to examine the information behavior of younger seniors with a special focus on the Internet. Using a qualitative method consisting of a case study, including observations, diaries, questionnaires, and information diaries, we were able to compare the information behavior of the seniors in their use of the Internet, with the information behavior in their everyday life. The result of the study shows that the respondents led very active lives and used many different information sources in everyday life. They did not only seek information, but also assimilated it, often with a purpose to mediate it to other people. The motives behind the information use in everyday life were mainly connected to their life situations. We found that the information behavior they performed in their use of the Internet had some similarities with their information behavior in everyday life, but they did not assimilate the information in the same way. The senior club had a great influence on the respondents information behavior, both in their everyday life and in their use of the Internet. Our conclusion is that both age and social context are factors that have a great influence on seniors information behavior and that researchers need to consider these factors in their research.Uppsatsnivå:

CNC Gravyrmaskin : Precision och användningsområden hos småskalig CNC gravyrmaskin

This report documents the design and construction of a computer-controlled engraver (CNC engraver). Whereas most common machines used for this purpose are dimensioned towards milling, this project aims to create a dedicated engraver which could be of reduced size and complexity in comparison to standard CNC routers. This is partly because engraving imparts no need for a spindle motor, and that the machine only needs to withstand forces related to engraving, which are often significantly smaller than those present when milling. The proposed construction is designed towards use on aluminium and retains about the size of a laptop computer. Additionally, it should allow for engraving on material of almost any size, which is not a common feature in CNC machines. The design uses Arduino and open-source software to generate and execute G-code and is built with off-the-shelf components as well as both 3D-printed and machined components. Key conclusions are that it is indeed possible to make such a machine and that it could fulfil some useful purposes, even if the prototype, as built, has some issues with structural rigidity and therefore the final tolerances of the engraving. These issues primarily stem from the assembly supporting the Z-Axis and engraving bit, which lacks the stiffness needed for desirable results. Taking the fairly low complexity of the build and the price tag of under 2000 SEK in consideration, the prospects are deemed as promising.Denna rapport beskriver konstruktionen och byggandet av en datorkontrollerad (CNC) gravyrmaskin. Emedan de gängse maskinerna för detta ändamål är en vanlig fräs eller dylikt, så syftar detta projekt att bygga en dedikerad gravyrmaskin, som då jämförelsevis kan vara av reducerad storlek och komplexitet. Maskinen använder Arduino och öppen källkod för att generera och exekvera G-kod, och byggs med inköpta standardkomponenter, såväl som både 3D-printade och egentillverkade komponenter. De främsta slutsatserna är att det mycket riktigt går att bygga en sådan maskin, och det finns användningsområden för en sådan, även om prototypen som den slutligen blev har problem med styvhet, och därför även med noggrannheten i gravyrerna

CNC Gravyrmaskin : Precision och användningsområden hos småskalig CNC gravyrmaskin

This report documents the design and construction of a computer-controlled engraver (CNC engraver). Whereas most common machines used for this purpose are dimensioned towards milling, this project aims to create a dedicated engraver which could be of reduced size and complexity in comparison to standard CNC routers. This is partly because engraving imparts no need for a spindle motor, and that the machine only needs to withstand forces related to engraving, which are often significantly smaller than those present when milling. The proposed construction is designed towards use on aluminium and retains about the size of a laptop computer. Additionally, it should allow for engraving on material of almost any size, which is not a common feature in CNC machines. The design uses Arduino and open-source software to generate and execute G-code and is built with off-the-shelf components as well as both 3D-printed and machined components. Key conclusions are that it is indeed possible to make such a machine and that it could fulfil some useful purposes, even if the prototype, as built, has some issues with structural rigidity and therefore the final tolerances of the engraving. These issues primarily stem from the assembly supporting the Z-Axis and engraving bit, which lacks the stiffness needed for desirable results. Taking the fairly low complexity of the build and the price tag of under 2000 SEK in consideration, the prospects are deemed as promising.Denna rapport beskriver konstruktionen och byggandet av en datorkontrollerad (CNC) gravyrmaskin. Emedan de gängse maskinerna för detta ändamål är en vanlig fräs eller dylikt, så syftar detta projekt att bygga en dedikerad gravyrmaskin, som då jämförelsevis kan vara av reducerad storlek och komplexitet. Maskinen använder Arduino och öppen källkod för att generera och exekvera G-kod, och byggs med inköpta standardkomponenter, såväl som både 3D-printade och egentillverkade komponenter. De främsta slutsatserna är att det mycket riktigt går att bygga en sådan maskin, och det finns användningsområden för en sådan, även om prototypen som den slutligen blev har problem med styvhet, och därför även med noggrannheten i gravyrerna

När rätt blir fel : En studie av förbudet mot progressiva avskrivningar och konsekvenserna för bostadsrättsföreningar

In this paper, we present the ban on progressive depreciation of housing associations in connection with the change to K-regulatory frameworks. Bokföringsnämnden (2014) stated that progressive depreciation was no longer allowed, and this study explores what kind of implications it had for the housing associations' income statements. Additional problems have been addressed by examining what effects it could have on the perception of that accounting must be based on giving a fair view (Artsberg, 2005), and whether stakeholders can access and interpret this financial information (Burks, 2015). Based on theories that consider that a similar framework is not appropriate for housing associations and non-profit organizations, as for profit driven companies, we have used this criticism on the matter (Burks, 2014; Torres and Pina, 2003). We have also taken into consideration why Bokföringsnämnden decided to prohibit the depreciation method. The empirical study focuses on examining twenty newly constructed housing associations annual reports from 2012 to 2014 to see whether they have had to change their depreciation method, and if this in turn has had an influence on their results, and if this has led to changes in their annual report. The end result of this study is based on a quantitative research which shows that a change has occurred in housing associations' income statements. 95 percent of the sample reported a loss in 2014, while in 2012 only 5 percent showed negative results. In a combined analysis of the use of literature and empirical data, there are clear indications that there is a requirement for new regulatory alternative templates for housing associations to report financial information if they are to present a fair view and enable comparison between associations

När rätt blir fel : En studie av förbudet mot progressiva avskrivningar och konsekvenserna för bostadsrättsföreningar

In this paper, we present the ban on progressive depreciation of housing associations in connection with the change to K-regulatory frameworks. Bokföringsnämnden (2014) stated that progressive depreciation was no longer allowed, and this study explores what kind of implications it had for the housing associations' income statements. Additional problems have been addressed by examining what effects it could have on the perception of that accounting must be based on giving a fair view (Artsberg, 2005), and whether stakeholders can access and interpret this financial information (Burks, 2015). Based on theories that consider that a similar framework is not appropriate for housing associations and non-profit organizations, as for profit driven companies, we have used this criticism on the matter (Burks, 2014; Torres and Pina, 2003). We have also taken into consideration why Bokföringsnämnden decided to prohibit the depreciation method. The empirical study focuses on examining twenty newly constructed housing associations annual reports from 2012 to 2014 to see whether they have had to change their depreciation method, and if this in turn has had an influence on their results, and if this has led to changes in their annual report. The end result of this study is based on a quantitative research which shows that a change has occurred in housing associations' income statements. 95 percent of the sample reported a loss in 2014, while in 2012 only 5 percent showed negative results. In a combined analysis of the use of literature and empirical data, there are clear indications that there is a requirement for new regulatory alternative templates for housing associations to report financial information if they are to present a fair view and enable comparison between associations

När rätt blir fel : En studie av förbudet mot progressiva avskrivningar och konsekvenserna för bostadsrättsföreningar

In this paper, we present the ban on progressive depreciation of housing associations in connection with the change to K-regulatory frameworks. Bokföringsnämnden (2014) stated that progressive depreciation was no longer allowed, and this study explores what kind of implications it had for the housing associations' income statements. Additional problems have been addressed by examining what effects it could have on the perception of that accounting must be based on giving a fair view (Artsberg, 2005), and whether stakeholders can access and interpret this financial information (Burks, 2015). Based on theories that consider that a similar framework is not appropriate for housing associations and non-profit organizations, as for profit driven companies, we have used this criticism on the matter (Burks, 2014; Torres and Pina, 2003). We have also taken into consideration why Bokföringsnämnden decided to prohibit the depreciation method. The empirical study focuses on examining twenty newly constructed housing associations annual reports from 2012 to 2014 to see whether they have had to change their depreciation method, and if this in turn has had an influence on their results, and if this has led to changes in their annual report. The end result of this study is based on a quantitative research which shows that a change has occurred in housing associations' income statements. 95 percent of the sample reported a loss in 2014, while in 2012 only 5 percent showed negative results. In a combined analysis of the use of literature and empirical data, there are clear indications that there is a requirement for new regulatory alternative templates for housing associations to report financial information if they are to present a fair view and enable comparison between associations