Main drivers of the evolution of grazing in the alpine area of Valli del Leno (Trentino, Northern Italy) during the last two centuries: natural resources, labour and investments

In the Alps as in many mountain areas, livestock farming has constituted an important source of income, especially since the Middle Ages. The importance of livestock farming within the Alpine economy has changed over time due to the dynamics of supply and demand combined with evolving environmental, technological and institutional constraints. This paper focuses on the latter aspect and attempts to reconstruct how the relative importance of the production factors of land, labour and capital changed throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in a mountainous area of eastern Trentino. The underlying objective of the investigation is to provide a micro-level empirical basis for hypotheses advanced in the literature regarding the evolution of a crucial sector in the Alpine economy, drawing attention to the long-term role of exogenous and endogenous factors as well as elements of continuity and change. The work is grounded in multiple sources drawn from local archives and official statistics. It demonstrates the flexibility of local communities in managing to sustainably utilize local resources over several periods.En muchas zonas de montaña la ganadería ha constituido, a partir de la Edad Media, una fuente importante de recursos económicos. La trasformación que ha habido del peso relativo de la ganadería en la economía alpina ha sido fruto de una combinación de dinámicas, por un lado concernientes a la demanda, y, por otro, de la oferta, con los cambios introducidos por los vínculos normativos medioambientales, tecnológicos e institucionales de dicha actividad. En nuestro estudio nos centramos en este último aspecto, tratando de reconstruir el cambio que ha tenido lugar en el curso de los siglos xix y xx del peso relativo de los factores de producción tierra, trabajo y capital en una zona montañosa del Trentino oriental. El objetivo principal de nuestra investigación es el de proporcionar una base empírica, en microperspectiva, a las hipótesis avanzadas en la literatura en mérito a la evolución de un sector crucial de la economía alpina, mostrando cuál ha sido a lo largo del tiempo el rol de los factores exógenos y de los endógenos y subrayando elementos de continuidad y factores de transformación

Halo-complexes of Titanium(III): the Thermochromic Behaviour of [NBu4][TiCl4(thf)2]

TiCl3(thf)3 reacts with ACl (A = NBu4, PPN; PPN = Ph3PNPPh3) in dichloromethane solution, affording the compounds A[TiCl4(thf)2] (A = NBu4, 1; A = PPN, 2). Compound 1, dissolved in CH2Cl2, exhibits thermochromic behaviour which has been the subject of variable-temperature UV–Vis investigations

Microrreação qualitativa para pesquisas do ion bórico, no leite

O artigo não apresenta resumo

Alteracão do perfil bacteriológico da bile após colédoco-duodenostomia látero-lateral: estudo em cães.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 199

Pulverizaciones agrícolas terrestres y el impacto del viento

El rendimiento potencial de los cultivos es afectado por plagas, malezas y enfermedades que impacta en el resultado económico. Se requiere de una adecuada calidad en las tecnologías de aplicación por su influencia en la cantidad de plaguicida que llega finalmente al objetivo y el control de las mismas. Se realizaron ensayos a campo y bajo condiciones controladas dentro de un galpón, para determinar la incidencia del viento en la calidad de aplicación, utilizando pastillas abanico plano, se trabajó con dos alturas de botalón, circulando sobre los objetivos que fueron tarjetas de papel blanco fotográfico en posiciones verticales y horizontales, se dispusieron sobre bancos de maderas con un diseño tridimensional a fin de conseguir todas las posibles posiciones de recepción de asperjado. Se determinaron como variables de evaluación, el número de impactos (impactos cm-2), la eficiencia (%), la cobertura (%) y el DV0,5 (µm). Con la intensión de generar una impronta visible como resultado del impacto de las gotas, se adiciono al caldo de pulverización un colorante alimenticio, azul brillante. Para la evaluación de las tarjetas primero se realizó una digitalización de las mismas por medio de scanner, y luego fueron procesadas con el programa CIR 1.5. Los datos obtenidos se volcaron a una planilla de Excel y se analizaron estadísticamente con el programa InfoStat. Se estudió la incidencia del viento para diferentes alternativas de aplicación en objetivos verticales y horizontales. Se observó que la incidencia del viento no genera cambios en la homogeneidad de las poblaciones de gotas en las diferentes posiciones. Por otro lado, el viento disminuye la cantidad de impactos cm-2 cuando el botalón se encuentra más lejos del objetivo. En la eficiencia de aplicación no se vieron diferencias entre las alturas de botalón, exceptuando el tratamiento horizontal en el galpón. Finalmente se comprobó que el viento facilita la llegada de gotas a objetivos verticales.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Notes on the applicability of the BENEDICT-THEIS method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus in equine blood by FISHER's electrophotometer

Os autores, no intuito de indagar do comportamento e familiarizar-se com o particular da técnica no método de BENEDICT-THEIS no eletro-fotômetro de FISHER , método preconizado para a determinação de fosfatos inorgânicos no sangue — utilizando sôro de eqüino — realizaram uma série de dosagens repetidas no mesmo sôro. Em seguida, procederam à prova de recuperação, juntando quantidades diferentes de solução de fosfato a volume fixo do rnesmo sôro, observado o critério geralmente seguido em trabalhos de tal natureza. Dos dados das determinações e nas condições em que as mesmas foram realizadas, concluíram que há necessidade de efetuar-se a leitura logo após o desenvolvimento da côr em tempos tais como para a obtenção do fator numérico. Verificaram que o método comporta-se satisfatoriamente, quanto à porcentagem de variabilidade, porém, não quanto à prova de recuperação, pois a mesma, de acôrdo com o teste T está significantemente afastada dos valores teóricos. Aventam a hipótese de que tal recuperação falha, ou em razão de cuidados necessários a ter-se quanto ao tempo relativo ao desenvolvimento da côr e o posterior resfriamento, ou em conseqüência de fator ou fatores que dizem respeito à plena satisfação da lei de LAMBERT-BEER por parte do método.With the purpose of both traces the behaviour and to get acquainted with the particular technic of the BENEDICT-THEIS method in the FISHER’s electro-photometer, method preconized for the determination of inorganic phosphates in the blood, the AA., employing equine serum, made a series of determinations repeated in the same serum. After this they proceeded with the recovery test, adding different amounts of the phosphate solution to equal volume of the same serum, following the criterion generally adopted in such works. From the determinations obtained under the conditions in which they were performed, the AA. concluded that there is necessity of taking the readings soon after the color development, observing closely the procedure indicated to find the calibration factor. It was stated that the method answers satisfactory against the coefficient of variability, but, negatively to the recovery test, because according to T-test estimation, the results differ from the theoric ones with significance. They raise the supposition that the recovery fails due to the cautions demanded relatively to the time of color development and posterior cooling or inconsequence of one or various factors concerning the agreement of the method, in LAMBERT-BEER’s law

Description of Lyme disease-like syndrome in Brazil: is it a new tick borne disease or Lyme disease variation?

An emerging clinical entity that reproduces clinical manifestations similar to those observed in Lyme disease (LD) has been recently under discussion in Brazil. Due to etiological and laboratory particularities it is named LD-like syndrome or LD imitator syndrome. The condition is considered to be a zoonosis transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma, possibly caused by interaction of multiple fastidious microorganisms originating a protean clinical picture, including neurological, osteoarticular and erythema migrans-like lesions. When peripheral blood of patients with LD-like syndrome is viewed under a dark-field microscope, mobile uncultivable spirochete-like bacteria are observed. PCR carried out with specific or conservative primers to recognize Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto or the genus Borrelia has been negative in ticks and in biological samples. Two different procedures, respectively involving hematoxylin and eosin staining of cerebrospinal fluid and electron microscopy analysis of blood, have revealed spirochetes not belonging to the genera Borrelia, Leptospira or Treponema. Surprisingly, co-infection with microorganisms resembling Mycoplasma and Chlamydia was observed on one occasion by electron microscopy analysis. We discuss here the possible existence of a new tick-borne disease in Brazil imitating LD, except for a higher frequency of recurrence episodes observed along prolonged clinical follow-up