Peran United Nations Industrial Development Organization (Unido) Dalam Membantu Perkembangan Industri Manufaktur Indonesia 2010-2013

This research aims to determine the role of the UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (UNIDO) in assisting development of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Type of this research is descriptive analysis. Industrial development in the era of globalization requires right and consistent strategy, so that the industry can realize a strong and competitive in both the domestic market and in the global market, which will be able to drive economic growth, create jobs, increase incomes and reduce poverty in Indonesia. The writer tries to describe and explain the role of UNIDO in terms of helping develop the Indonesian manufacturing industry.Sources obtained through the literature review, other books, internet, etc.. Source analysis is a qualitative research analysis, This research uses a level analysis of international organizations, use perspective that describes the state of pluralism is not the only rational actors in international relations. Uses non states actors, using the theory that describes the role of guidance that is given structurally.The conclusion of this research conducted by UNIDOs role in assisting the development of Indonesias manufacturing industry. UNIDOs role in poverty reduction through productive activities, trade capacity building, productive use of energy and energy efficiency as well as environmental management.Keywords : UNIDO, role, industry, development and manufacturin

Analisis Resiko Proyek Pembangunan Dermaga Study Kasus Dermaga Pehe Di Kecamatan Siau Barat Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro

Proyek pekerjaan konstruksi Dermaga Pehe Kecamatan Siau Barat Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro merupakan proyek lanjutan pembangunan fasilitas pelabuhan laut ( tahap IV ) yang saat ini dalam tahap konstruksi. Data tanah yang sangat bervariasi, lokasi proyek yang berdekatan dengan gunung api Karangetan yang aktif, serta dermaga telah dioperasikan walaupun belum selesai, menyebabkan proyek ini berpotensi mempunyai resiko tinggi dalam masa konstruksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan level resiko dan respon terhadap resiko yang berpotensi mempunyai resiko tinggi.Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi identifikasi resiko dengan cara dokumen review, survey pendahuluan dan study literatur, sedangkan data penilaian probabilitas dan dampak resiko di peroleh dengan cara kuisioner. Penentuan level resiko dilakukan dengan metode probabiliy impact grid. Responden kuisioner adalah pelaksana pekerjaan proyek Dermaga Pehe. Respon terhadap resiko dilakukan dua macam tindakan manajemen resiko yaitu mencegah dan memperbaiki. Tindakan mencegah digunakan untuk mengurangi, menghindari, atau mentransferresiko pada tahap awal proyek konstruksi. Sedangkan tindakan memperbaiki adalah untuk mengurangi efek-efek ketika resiko terjadi atau ketika resiko harus diambil.Hasil akhir penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 6 hal yang mempunyai level resiko tinggi yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian yaitu (1) cuaca ekstrim (hujan lebat, arus kuat, angin kencang, petir), (2) penyelesaian pekerjaan (sub kontraktor) tidak tepat waktu, (3) denda akibat keterlambatan, (4) Terjadi kenaikan harga besi, ( 5 ) Terjadi kenaikan harga pasir beton ( 6 ) Terjadi kenaikan harga semen. Respon resiko yang terbanyak adalah dengan cara mengurangi resiko mitigasi dan sebagian memindahkan resiko transference kepada pihak lain

The variation in the eating quality of beef from different sexes and breed classes cannot be completely explained by carcass measurements

Delivering beef of consistent quality to the consumer is vital for consumer satisfaction and will help to ensure demand and therefore profitability within the beef industry. In Australia, this is being tackled with Meat Standards Australia (MSA), which uses carcass traits and processing factors to deliver an individual eating quality guarantee to the consumer for 135 different ‘cut by cooking methods’ from each carcass. The carcass traits used in the MSA model, such as ossification score, carcass weight and marbling explain the majority of the differences between breeds and sexes. Therefore, it was expected that the model would predict with eating quality of bulls and dairy breeds with good accuracy. In total, 8128 muscle samples from 482 carcasses from France, Poland, Ireland and Northern Ireland were MSA graded at slaughter then evaluated for tenderness, juiciness, flavour liking and overall liking by untrained consumers, according to MSA protocols. The scores were weighted (0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 0.3) and combined to form a global eating quality (meat quality (MQ4)) score. The carcasses were grouped into one of the three breed categories: beef breeds, dairy breeds and crosses. The difference between the actual and the MSA-predicted MQ4 scores were analysed using a linear mixed effects model including fixed effects for carcass hang method, cook type, muscle type, sex, country, breed category and postmortem ageing period, and random terms for animal identification, consumer country and kill group. Bulls had lower MQ4 scores than steers and females and were predicted less accurately by the MSA model. Beef breeds had lower eating quality scores than dairy breeds and crosses for five out of the 16 muscles tested. Beef breeds were also over predicted in comparison with the cross and dairy breeds for six out of the 16 muscles tested. Therefore, even after accounting for differences in carcass traits, bulls still differ in eating quality when compared with females and steers. Breed also influenced eating quality beyond differences in carcass traits. However, in this case, it was only for certain muscles. This should be taken into account when estimating the eating quality of meat. In addition, the coefficients used by the Australian MSA model for some muscles, marbling score and ultimate pH do not exactly reflect the influence of these factors on eating quality in this data set, and if this system was to be applied to Europe then the coefficients for these muscles and covariates would need further investigation

Association of calcemia and serum vitamin D with 24H-urinary calcium excretion in a swiss population-based study

Background: Elevated urinary calcium excretion is associated with reduced bone mineral density. Population-based data on urinary calcium excretion are scarce. We explored the association of serum calcium and circulating levels of vitamin D (including 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3) with urinary calcium excretion in men and women in a population-based study. Methods: We used data from the "Swiss Survey on Salt" conducted between 2010 and 2012 and including people aged 15 years and over. Twenty-four hour urine collection, blood analysis, clinical examination and anthropometric measures were collected in 11 centres from the 3 linguistic regions of Switzerland. Vitamin D was measured centrally using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Hypercalciuria was defined as urinary calcium excretion >0.1 mmol/kg/24h. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore factors associated with 24-hour urinary calcium excretion (mmol/24h) squared root transformed, taken as the dependant variable. Vitamin D was divided into monthspecific tertiles with the first tertile having the lowest value and the third tertile having the highest value. Results: The 669 men and 624 women had mean (SD) age of 49.2 (18.1) and 47 (17.9) years and a prevalence of hypercalciuria of 8.9% and 8.0%, respectively. In adjusted models, the association of urinary calcium excretion with protein-corrected serum calcium was (β coefficient } standard error, according to urinary calcium squared root transformed) 1.125 } 0.184 mmol/L per square-root (mmol/24h) (P<0.001) in women and 0.374 } 0.224 (P=0.096) in men. Men in the third month-specific vitamin D tertile had higher urinary calcium excretion than men in the first tertile (0.170 } 0.05 nmol/L per mmol/24h, P=0.001) and the corresponding association was 0.048 } 0.043, P= 0.272 in women. Conclusion: About one in eleven person has hypercalciuria in the Swiss population. The positive association of serum calcium with urinary calcium excretion was steeper in women than in men, independently of menopausal status. Circulating vitamin D was associated positively with urinary calcium excretion only in men. The reasons underlying the observed sex differences in the hormonal control of urinary calcium excretion need to be explored in further studies

Untrained consumer assessment of the eating quality of European beef: 2. Demographic factors have only minor effects on consumer scores and willingness to pay

The beef industry must become more responsive to the changing market place and consumer demands. An essential part of this is quantifying a consumer’s perception of the eating quality of beef and their willingness to pay for that quality, across a broad range of demographics. Over 19 000 consumers from Northern Ireland, Poland, Ireland and France each tasted seven beef samples and scored them for tenderness, juiciness, flavour liking and overall liking. These scores were weighted and combined to create a fifth score, termed the Meat Quality 4 score (MQ4) (0.3×tenderness, 0.1×juiciness, 0.3×flavour liking and 0.3×overall liking). They also allocated the beef samples into one of four quality grades that best described the sample; unsatisfactory, good-every-day, better-than-every-day or premium. After the completion of the tasting panel, consumers were then asked to detail, in their own currency, their willingness to pay for these four categories which was subsequently converted to a proportion relative to the good-every-day category (P-WTP). Consumers also answered a short demographic questionnaire. The four sensory scores, the MQ4 score and the P-WTP were analysed separately, as dependant variables in linear mixed effects models. The answers from the demographic questionnaire were included in the model as fixed effects. Overall, there were only small differences in consumer scores and P-WTP between demographic groups. Consumers who preferred their beef cooked medium or well-done scored beef higher, except in Poland, where the opposite trend was found. This may be because Polish consumers were more likely to prefer their beef cooked well-done, but samples were cooked medium for this group. There was a small positive relationship with the importance of beef in the diet, increasing sensory scores by about 4% in Poland and Northern Ireland. Men also scored beef about 2% higher than women for most sensory scores in most countries. In most countries, consumers were willing to pay between 150 and 200% more for premium beef, and there was a 50% penalty in value for unsatisfactory beef. After quality grade, by far the greatest influence on P-WTP was country of origin. Consumer age also had a small negative relationship with P-WTP. The results indicate that a single quality score could reliably describe the eating quality experienced by all consumers. In addition, if reliable quality information is delivered to consumers they will pay more for better quality beef, which would add value to the beef industry and encourage improvements in quality

Sentiment analysis tools should take account of the number of exclamation marks!!!

There are various factors that affect the sentiment level expressed in textual comments. Capitalization of letters tends to mark something for attention and repeating of letters tends to strengthen the emotion. Emoticons are used to help visualize facial expressions which can affect understanding of text. In this paper, we show the effect of the number of exclamation marks used, via testing with twelve online sentiment tools. We present opinions gathered from 500 respondents towards “like” and “dislike” values, with a varying number of exclamation marks. Results show that only 20% of the online sentiment tools tested considered the number of exclamation marks in their returned scores. However, results from our human raters show that the more exclamation marks used for positive comments, the more they have higher “like” values than the same comments with fewer exclamations marks. Similarly, adding more exclamation marks for negative comments, results in a higher “dislike”