84 research outputs found

    The complex TIE between macrophages and angiogenesis

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    Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic immune cells, but they also play a role in diverse processes, such as morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the influence of macrophages on angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from the pre-existing vasculature. Macrophages play crucial roles at each step of the angiogenic cascade, starting from new blood vessel sprouting to the remodelling of the vascular plexus and vessel maturation. Macrophages form promising targets for both pro- and anti-angiogenic treatments. However, to target macrophages, we will first need to understand the mechanisms that control the functional plasticity of macrophages during each of the steps of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we review recent insights in this topic. Special attention will be given to the TIE2-expressing macrophage (TEM), which is a subtype of highly angiogenic macrophages that is able to influence angiogenesis via the angiopoietin-TIE pathway

    Artificial Intelligence & Creativity: A Manifesto for Collaboration

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    With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the field of creativity faces new opportunities and challenges. This manifesto explores several scenarios of human–machine collaboration on creative tasks and proposes “fundamental laws of generative AI” to reinforce the responsible and ethical use of AI in the creativity field. Four scenarios are proposed and discussed: “Co-Cre-AI-tion,” “Organic,” “Plagiarism 3.0,” and “Shut down,” each illustrating different possible futures based on the collaboration between humans and machines. In addition, we have incorporated an AI-generated manifesto that also highlights important themes, ranging from accessibility and ethics to cultural sensitivity. The fundamental laws proposed aim to prevent AIs from generating harmful content and competing directly with humans. Creating labels and laws are also highlighted to ensure responsible use of AIs. The positive future of creativity and AI lies in a harmonious collaboration that can benefit everyone, potentially leading to a new level of creative productivity respecting ethical considerations and human values during the creative process

    Kansei information processes in early design : design cognition and computation

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    This chapter considers the Kansei information processes involved in the early design process. It emphasizes the necessity of formalizing the earliest phases of design, i. e. the information phase. After a longitudinal research led since 1997, a theoretical model of the information phase of design was proposed. This model was then refined through experiments that we led from various research projects that were developed during the last years thanks to national and European supports. In the framework of the research presented here, the objective was to refine the model especially by considering the cognitive implicit operations which occur in the early generative phases, i. e. between the inspirational phases and the sketching ones. The paper starts with the definition of the following terms: design process, design information, sectors of analogy, kansei information, kansei structures and kansei rules. Kansei information characterizes the whole corpus of information which the designers deal with in the early design process. Especially, from the information phase, the creative process based on metaphors and analogies is decrypted and formalized, with the extraction of generic rules that, after understanding, may be used more systematically in the generative phase of design through future computer aided design tools. Finally we discuss some advances related to cognition and computation of Kansei processes in design.AN

    The exon 13 duplication in the BRCA1 gene is a founder mutation present in geographicaly diverse populations

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    Recently, a 6-kb duplication of exon 13, which creates a frameshift in the coding sequence of the BRCA1 gene, has been described in three unrelated U.S. families of European ancestry and in one Portuguese family. Here, our goal was to estimate the frequency and geographic diversity of carriers of this duplication. To do this, a collaborative screening study was set up that involved 39 institutions from 19 countries and included 3,580 unrelated individuals with a family history of the disease and 934 early-onset breast and/or ovarian cancer cases. A total of 11 additional families carrying this mutation were identified in Australia (1), Belgium (1), Canada (1), Great Britain (6), and the United States (2). Haplotyping showed that they are likely to derive from a common ancestor, possibly of northern British origin. Our results demonstrate that it is strongly advisable, for laboratories carrying out screening either in English-speaking countries or in countries with historical links with Britain, to include within their BRCA1 screening protocols the polymerase chain reaction-based assay described in this report

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

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    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

    No full text
    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

    No full text
    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles
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